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Institution

University of Luxembourg

EducationLuxembourg, Luxembourg
About: University of Luxembourg is a education organization based out in Luxembourg, Luxembourg. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & European union. The organization has 4744 authors who have published 22175 publications receiving 381824 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A large scale computer simulation study of crystal nucleation in hard spheres shows that a purely repulsive system (that has no metastable fluid-fluid coexistence) crystallizes via the same mechanism.
Abstract: We report on a large scale computer simulation study of crystal nucleation in hard spheres. Through a combined analysis of real- and reciprocal-space data, a picture of a two-step crystallization process is supported: First, dense, amorphous clusters form which then act as precursors for the nucleation of well-ordered crystallites. This kind of crystallization process has been previously observed in systems that interact via potentials that have an attractive as well as a repulsive part, most prominently in protein solutions. In this context the effect has been attributed to the presence of metastable fluid-fluid demixing. Our simulations, however, show that a purely repulsive system (that has no metastable fluid-fluid coexistence) crystallizes via the same mechanism.

199 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated in silico that the presence of B. thetaiotaomicron could rescue the growth phenotype of the host with an otherwise lethal enzymopathy and vice versa, and represents a powerful tool for modeling metabolic interactions between a gut microbe and its host in health and disease.
Abstract: The human gut microbiota consists of ten times more microorganisms than there are cells in our body, processes otherwise indigestible nutrients, and produces important energy precursors, essential amino acids, and vitamins. In this study, we assembled and validated a genome-scale metabolic reconstruction of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (iAH991), a prominent representative of the human gut microbiota, consisting of 1488 reactions, 1152 metabolites, and 991 genes. To create a comprehensive metabolic model of host-microbe interactions, we integrated iAH991 with a previously published mouse metabolic reconstruction, which was extended for intestinal transport and absorption reactions. The two metabolic models were linked through a joint compartment, the lumen, allowing metabolite exchange and providing a route for simulating different dietary regimes. The resulting model consists of 7239 reactions, 5164 metabolites, and 2769 genes. We simultaneously modeled growth of mouse and B. thetaiotaomicron on five different diets varying in fat, carbohydrate, and protein content. The integrated model captured mutually beneficial cross-feeding as well as competitive interactions. Furthermore, we identified metabolites that were exchanged between the two organisms, which were compared with published metabolomics data. This analysis resulted for the first time in a comprehensive description of the co-metabolism between a host and its commensal microbe. We also demonstrate in silico that the presence of B. thetaiotaomicron could rescue the growth phenotype of the host with an otherwise lethal enzymopathy and vice versa. This systems approach represents a powerful tool for modeling metabolic interactions between a gut microbe and its host in health and disease.

199 citations

Posted Content
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the determinants of the choice of location of international students and developed a small theoretical model allowing to identify the various factors associated to the attraction of migrants as well as the costs of moving abroad.
Abstract: This paper analyzes the determinants of the choice of location of international students. Building on the documented trends in international migration of students, we develop a small theoretical model allowing to identify the various factors associated to the attraction of migrants as well as the costs of moving abroad. Using new data capturing the number of students from a large set of origin countries studying in a set of 13 OECD countries, we assess the importance of the various factors identified in the theory. We find support for a significant network effect in the migration of students, a result so far undocumented in the literature. We also find a significant role for cost factors such as housing prices and for attractiveness variables such as the reported quality of universities. In contrast, we do not find an important role for registration fees. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)

198 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is repeated that including GD reflects the essence of the ICD and will facilitate treatment and prevention for those who need it and the decision whether or not to include GD is based on clinical evidence and public health needs.
Abstract: The proposed introduction of gaming disorder (GD) in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) has led to a lively debate over the past year. Besides the broad support for the decision in the academic press, a recent publication by van Rooij et al. (2018) repeated the criticism raised against the inclusion of GD in ICD-11 by Aarseth et al. (2017). We argue that this group of researchers fails to recognize the clinical and public health considerations, which support the WHO perspective. It is important to recognize a range of biases that may influence this debate; in particular, the gaming industry may wish to diminish its responsibility by claiming that GD is not a public health problem, a position which maybe supported by arguments from scholars based in media psychology, computer games research, communication science, and related disciplines. However, just as with any other disease or disorder in the ICD-11, the decision whether or not to include GD is based on clinical evidence and public health needs. Therefore, we reiterate our conclusion that including GD reflects the essence of the ICD and will facilitate treatment and prevention for those who need it.

198 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that aging is accompanied by a progressive change of the local chemical order towards the crystalline one, which sets phase-change materials apart from conventional glass-forming systems, which display the same local structure and bonding in both phases.
Abstract: Aging is a ubiquitous phenomenon in glasses. In the case of phase-change materials, it leads to a drift in the electrical resistance, which hinders the development of ultrahigh density storage devices. Here we elucidate the aging process in amorphous GeTe, a prototypical phase-change material, by advanced numerical simulations, photothermal deflection spectroscopy and impedance spectroscopy experiments. We show that aging is accompanied by a progressive change of the local chemical order towards the crystalline one. Yet, the glass evolves towards a covalent amorphous network with increasing Peierls distortion, whose structural and electronic properties drift away from those of the resonantly bonded crystal. This behaviour sets phase-change materials apart from conventional glass-forming systems, which display the same local structure and bonding in both phases.

198 citations


Authors

Showing all 4893 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Jun Wang1661093141621
Leroy Hood158853128452
Andreas Heinz108107845002
Philippe Dubois101109848086
John W. Berry9735152470
Michael Müller9133326237
Bart Preneel8284425572
Bjorn Ottersten81105828359
Sander Kersten7924623985
Alexandre Tkatchenko7727126863
Rudi Balling7523819529
Lionel C. Briand7538024519
Min Wang7271619197
Stephen H. Friend7018453422
Ekhard K. H. Salje7058119938
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202360
2022250
20211,671
20201,776
20191,710
20181,663