University of Madras

About: University of Madras is a education organization based out in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Ring (chemistry) & Lipid peroxidation. The organization has 8496 authors who have published 11369 publications receiving 211152 citations. The organization is also known as: Madras University & University of Chennai.

Protective effect of lupeol and lupeol linoleate in hypercholesterolemia associated renal damage

Abstract: The association between hypercholesterolemia and kidney damage has been well known for last few decades. The oxidative stress and inflammatory responses are involved in renal injury, which is upregulated in hypercholesterolemic condition. The present study is aimed to evaluate the possible effect of lupeol and its ester derivative, lupeol linoleate in renal damage associated with hypercholesterolemic rats. Hypercholesterolemia was induced in male Wistar rats by feeding them with a high cholesterol diet (HCD) comprising normal rat chow supplemented with 4% cholesterol and 1% cholic acid for 30 days. Lupeol and lupeol linoleate were supplemented (50 mg/kg body wt/day) to HCD fed rats during the last 15 days. Increased levels of renal total cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids, along with altered serum biochemical parameters of tissue injury indices and elevated activities of renal marker enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase) were noted in HCD fed rats. Elevated lipid peroxidation levels coupled with decreased antioxidant status (enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidants) were observed in hypercholesterolemic rats, which indicate the onset of oxidative changes in the renal tissue. Renal lysosomal acid hydrolase activities (ACP, β-Glu, β-Gal, NAG and Cat-D) and acute phase proteins like C-Reactive protein and fibrinogen were significantly increased in HCD fed rats, which further indicates the heightening of inflammation. In addition, histopathological findings also confirmed the renal damage in hypercholesterolemic condition. Lupeol and lupeol linoleate effectively reverted the above abnormalities and was comparable with that of the control. These observations highlight the protective effect of lupeol and its ester derivative in ameliorating the renal injury associated with hypercholesterolemia.

Geochemistry of upper miocene kudankulam limestones, Southern India

Abstract: Concentrations of major, trace, and rare-earth elements (REE) were measured in shallow marine limestone samples of the upper Miocene Kudankulam Formation, southern India, in order to investigate the geochemical variations among various litho-units. The CaCO3 content is higher in algal limestone (AL; 92 ± 1, n = 3) and clastic limestone (CL; 90 ± 2, n = 3) than sandy shell limestone (SSL; 81 ± 1, n = 3). All trace elements exhibit lower concentrations than post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS) values, except one SSL sample. Large variations in ΣREE content are observed among CL, SSL, and AL (~14-142, ~68-124, and ~38-98, respectively). Almost all limestone samples analyzed from the Kudankulam Formation show a small negative cerium anomaly (Ce/Ce* ~0.8-0.9), except one AL sample, which lacks this cerium anomaly (Ce/Ce* ~1.04). Variations in Ce anomalies and ΣREE contents in Kudankulam limestone samples are mainly controlled by the amount of terrigenous sediments and diagenetic behavior. Shale-normalized REE ...

Protective role of L-carnitine on liver and heart lipid peroxidation in atherosclerotic rats.

Abstract: Lipid peroxides are considered to be the initiation factor for atherosclerosis. Present study depicts that L-carnitine treatment (300 mg/kg body weight/day) for 7 and 14 days caused significant reduction in the tissue lipid peroxidations. It also shows marked improvement in the antioxidant status. By this way carnitine maintain the normal function of the cells.

Luteolin, a bioflavonoid inhibits azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis: Involvement of iNOS and COX-2.

Abstract: Colon cancer (CRC) is a serious health problem through worldwide. Development of novel drug without side effect for this cancer was crucial. Luteolin (LUT), a bioflavonoid has many beneficial effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative properties. Azoxymethane (AOM), a derivative of 1, 2-Dimethyl hydrazine (DMH) was used for the induction of CRC in Balb/C mice. CRC was induced by intraperitoneal injection of AOM to mice at the dose of 15 mg/body kg weight for 3 weeks. Mouse was treated with LUT at the dose of 1.2 mg/body kg weight orally until end of the experiment. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygense (COX)-2 were analyzed by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The expressions of iNOS and COX-2 were increased in the case of AOM induction. Administration of LUT effectively reduced the expressions of iNOS and COX-2. The present study revealed that, LUT suppresses both iNOS and COX-2 expressions and act as an anti-inflammatory role against CRC.