University of Madras

About: University of Madras is a education organization based out in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Ring (chemistry) & Lipid peroxidation. The organization has 8496 authors who have published 11369 publications receiving 211152 citations. The organization is also known as: Madras University & University of Chennai.

Facile synthesis of paper based graphene electrodes for point of care devices: A double stranded DNA (dsDNA) biosensor

Abstract: The demand for high-quality graphene for electronic applications is increasing due to its high carrier mobility and electrical conductivity. In this connection, printing technology is a reliable method towards the fabrication of conductive, disposable graphene-based electrode for low-cost sensor application. Herein, we aimed to report the synthesis of high-quality graphene nanosheets obtained by electrochemical exfoliation of biomass-derived from corn cob. The conductive ink was prepared from this exfoliated graphene and was utilized for the preparation of paper-based graphene electrode towards double stranded DNA (dsDNA) sensor application. This paper, based graphene electrode opens the possibility of direct electrochemical analysis of analyte without any sample preparation. In this study, two irreversible oxide peaks were obtained from paper-based printed graphene electrode, corresponds to oxidation of guanine (G) and adenine (A) of dsDNA in the linear range of 0.2 pg mL−1 to 5 pg mL−1 with the detection limit of 0.68 pg mL−1 and the sensitivity of 0.00656 mA pg−1 cm−2. Further, a small-scale printable circuit is fabricated using this graphene shows good conductivity of 1.145x103(S/m).

Ameliorative potential of resveratrol on proinflammatory cytokines, hyperglycemia mediated oxidative stress, and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in streptozotocin- nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats.

Abstract: Chronic exposure of pancreatic beta-cells to supraphysiologic glucose causes adverse beta-cell dysfunction. Thus, the present study was aimed to investigate the hypothesis that oral administration of resveratrol attenuates hyperglycemia, proinflammatory cytokines and antioxidant competence and protects beta-cell ultrastructure in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. Oral administration of resveratrol (5 mg/kg body weight) to diabetic rats for 30 days showed a significant decline in the levels of blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, NF-kappaB p65 unit and nitric oxide (NO) with concomitant elevation in plasma insulin. Further, resveratrol treated diabetic rats elicited a notable attenuation in the levels of lipid peroxides, hydroperoxides and protein carbonyls in both plasma and pancreatic tissues. The diminished activities of pancreatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) as well as the decreased levels of plasma ceruloplasmin, vitamin C, vitamin E and reduced glutathione (GSH) in diabetic rats were reverted to near normalcy by resveratrol administration. Based on histological and ultrastructural observations, it is first-time reported that the oral administration of resveratrol may effectively rescue beta-cells from oxidative damage without affecting their function and structural integrity. The results of the present investigation demonstrated that resveratrol exhibits significant antidiabetic potential by attenuating hyperglycemia, enhancing insulin secretion and antioxidant competence in pancreatic beta-cells of diabetic rats.