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Showing papers by "University of Maine published in 1989"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a case is made that glacial-to-interglacial transitions involve major reorganizations of the ocean-atmosphere system, and that these reorganizations constitute jumps between stable modes of operation which cause changes in the greenhouse gas content and albedo of the atmosphere.

892 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article set forth a theoretical rationale for a critical rhetoric and presented eight "principles" to orient the critic toward the act of criticism, which can be seen as a transformative practice rather than as a method.
Abstract: This essay sets forth a theoretical rationale for a critical rhetoric and presents eight “principles”; which, taken together, orient the critic toward the act of criticism The theoretical rationale encompasses two forms of critique, styled as a critique of domination and as a critique of freedom Both have in common an analysis of the discourse of power as it serves in the first case to maintain the privilege of the elite and, in the second, to maintain social relations across a broad spectrum of human activities The principles articulate an orientation that sees critique as a transformative practice rather than as a method, recognizes the materiality of discourse, reconceptualizes rhetoric as doxastic as contrasted to epistemic, and as nominalistic as contrasted to universalistic, captures rhetoric as “influential"as contrasted to “causal,”; recognizes the importance of absence as well as presence, perceives the potential for polysemic as opposed to monosemic interpretation, and as an activity that is

705 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Etude du comportement de ponte dans la nature, de the selection du lieu of ponte, des attractifs and des stimulants de the ponte
Abstract: Etude du comportement de ponte dans la nature, de la selection du lieu de ponte, des attractifs et des stimulants de la ponte

587 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
13 Jul 1989-Nature
TL;DR: A number of examples show that this is not necessarily so as discussed by the authors, and that resources held in common will not always be over-expoited, the "tragedy of the commons".
Abstract: Conventional wisdom holds that resources held in common will invariably be overexploited — the "tragedy of the commons". A number of examples show that this is not necessarily so.

530 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper presented five perspectives on the personal narrative as communication and performance by analyzing definitions of text, context, and concepts in current research: personal narratives as story-text, personal narration as storytelling performance, conversational interaction, social process, and personal storytelling as political praxis.
Abstract: Personal narratives are studied in many disciplines, but theoretical analysis of the personal narrative has lagged behind research. This essay presents five perspectives on the personal narrative as communication and performance by analyzing definitions of text, context, and concepts in current research: personal narrative as story‐text, personal narrative as storytelling performance, personal narrative as conversational interaction, personal narrative as social process, and personal narrative as political praxis. The analysis clarifies the nature and function of personal narrative and generates insight into the issues, innovations, and politics of studying personal narratives.

366 citations


Book ChapterDOI
21 Jun 1989
TL;DR: A formal definition of spatial relationships is necessary to clarify the users' diverse understanding of spatial relationship and to actually deduce relationships among spatial objects.
Abstract: The exploration of spatial relationships is a multi-disciplinary effort involving researchers from linguistics, cognitive science, psychology, geography, cartography, semiology, computer science, surveying engineering, and mathematics. Terms like close and far or North and South are not as clearly understood as the standard relationships between integer numbers. The treatment of relationships among spatial objects is an essential task in geographic data processing and CAD/CAM. Spatial query languages, for example, must offer terms for spatial relationships; spatial database management systems need algorithms to determine relationships. Hence, a formal definition of spatial relationships is necessary to clarify the users' diverse understanding of spatial relationships and to actually deduce relationships among spatial objects. Based upon such formalisms, spatial reasoning and inference will be possible.

362 citations


Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1989
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that creativity has to do with the production of new ideas, and that its study rightly falls within the domain of cognitive psychology, but it involves a type of cognition that seems only to occur within a matrix of associated motivational, attitudinal, and personalogical traits.
Abstract: Because creativity has to do with the production of new ideas, one might think that its study rightly falls within the domain of cognitive psychology. Of course, creativity involves cognition, but it involves a type of cognition that seems only to occur within a matrix of associated motivational, attitudinal, and personalogical traits. Thus, to understand creativity, the person as a whole must be considered. Because of this, theories about the creative process have traditionally been personality theories rather than purely cognitive theories. In 1949, Guilford (1950) pointed out that we did not know enough about creativity. We can never know too much about the creative personality, but we certainly know more than I could hope to cover in this chapter. For more information, the reader may consult the reviews of the literature by Dellas and Gaier (1970), Wallach (1970), Stein (1974), Taylor and Getzels (1975), and Barron and Harrington (1981).

318 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Differences in enzyme activity between CZ and FIZ suggest an important role for the host in the protection of zooxanthellae against the direct effects of environmentally realistic UV while the photosynthetic performance of zo X-rayed in situ may not be as well protected.
Abstract: Cnidarians which contain symbiotic algae are constantly faced with the challenges of a changing photic regime and a hyperoxic environment. Zooxanthellae (Symbiodinium sp.) from the sea anemone Aiptasia pallida (Verrill), collected and cultured at Bermuda Biological Station in 1986, exhibit a suite of compensatory responses to changes in irradiance, ultraviolet radiation (UV), and to the toxicity resulting from their interaction with photosynthetically produced oxygen. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase inactivate superoxide radicals (O2 -) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which are mediators of oxygen toxicity, show an increase in specific activity with irradiance and in response to UV, both in cultured zooxanthellae (CZ) and freshly isolated zooxanthellae (FIZ) from acclimated anemones. CZ and FIZ exposed to environmentally realistic UV levels show a 30 to 40% increase in SOD activities compared with zooxanthellae exposed to similar irradiances without UV. CZ consistently show higher activities of both SOD and catalase compared to FIZ. Both CZ and FIZ exhibit changes in chlorophyll content and in the relationship between photosynthesis and irradiance which suggest photoadaptive changes in CO2-fixing enzymes, the photosynthetic-electron transport system, or in photosynthetic unit size (PSU). UV has a greater effect on the photosynthetic capacity (P max) of FIZ when compared to CZ acclimated at an equivalent irradiance with or without a UV component. UV also enhances the photoinhibition observed at high irradiance in both CZ and FIZ. Differences in enzyme activity between CZ and FIZ suggest an important role for the host in the protection of zooxanthellae against the direct effects of environmentally realistic UV while the photosynthetic performance of zooxanthellae in situ may not be as well protected.

263 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the feasibility of detecting tropical forest successional age class and total biomass differences using Landsat-Thematic mapper (TM) data, was evaluated and it was shown that NDVI differences were not detectable for successional forests older than approximately 15-20 years.

260 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Stereological analyses of electron micrographs were used to quantify physiologically important ultrastructures of slow-twitch oxidative (red) and fast-twitch glycolytic muscle fibers from striped bass acclimated to 25 and 5 degrees C, suggesting true cold-induced proliferation rather than enlargement of organelles.
Abstract: Stereological analyses of electron micrographs were used to quantify physiologically important ultrastructures of slow-twitch oxidative (red) and fast-twitch glycolytic (white) muscle fibers from striped bass (Morone saxatilis) acclimated to 25 and 5 degrees C. The fraction of cell volume occupied by the mitochondria [volume density, Vv (mit,f)] of red fibers increases from 0.286 +/- 0.018 to 0.448 +/- 0.024 between 25 and 5 degrees C; Vv (mit,f) of white fibers increased from 0.027 +/- 0.003 and 0.040 +/- 0.004 at 25 and 5 degrees C, respectively. Because of a concomitant increase in the mass of oxidative muscle, acclimation from 25 to 5 degrees C results in an increase in total mitochondrial volume per 100 g body wt from 2.58 to 6.73 cm3 in oxidative muscle and from 2.46 to 3.40 cm3 in fast glycolytic muscle. Mitochondria of red fibers are in more clustered arrays after cold acclimation. Size and cristae surface densities of individual mitochondria are not affected markedly by acclimation, suggesting true cold-induced proliferation rather than enlargement of organelles. Harmonic means of intermitochondrial spacing in red fibers decreases from 2.64 to 1.43 micron between 25 and 5 degrees C. This reduces diffusion path lengths between sarcoplasmic and mitochondrial compartments proportionately, compensating for decreases in diffusivity of aqueous solutes. Intracellular lipid droplets of red fibers markedly increase in volume density from 0.006 +/- 0.003 at 25 degrees C to 0.079 +/- 0.014 at 5 degrees C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

243 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, two extreme late Wisconsin reconstructions of the Ross ice drainage system were given, showing little elevation change of the polar plateau coincident with extensive ice-shelf grounding along the inner Ross Embayment.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The current methodology for the analysis of biological time series is reviewed, and it is demonstrated that cyclic but aperiodic (i.e. chaotic) systems may be distinguished from noisy periodic or stochastic ones using a combination of these analyses.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results indicate that system improvements lead to decreased total maintenance time and decreased frequency of ripple effect errors, which suggests that improving old systems may be worthwhile and may yield benefits over the remaining life of the system.
Abstract: An experiment is designed to investigate the relationship between system structure and maintainability. An old, ill-structured system is improved in two sequential stages, yielding three system versions for the study. The primary objectives of the research are to determine how or whether the differences in the systems influence maintenance performance; whether the differences are discernible to programmers; and whether the differences are measurable. Experienced programmers perform a portfolio of maintenance tasks on the systems. Results indicate that system improvements lead to decreased total maintenance time and decreased frequency of ripple effect errors. This suggests that improving old systems may be worthwhile and may yield benefits over the remaining life of the system. System differences are not discernible to programmers; apparently programmers are unable to separate the complexity of the systems from the complexity of the maintenance tasks. This finding suggests a need for further research on the efficacy of subjectively based software metrics. Finally, results indicate that a selected set of automatable, objective complexity metrics reflected both the improvements in the system and programmer maintenance performance. These metrics appear to offer potential as project management tools.

Journal ArticleDOI
Musgrave Ko1, Giambalvo L, Leclerc Hl, Cook Ra, Clifford J. Rosen 
TL;DR: The brief time (less than 5 minutes by a dietitian) required to calculate the amount of calcium consumed daily from the food frequency questionnaire could make it an important clinical tool.
Abstract: This study tested the accuracy of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) designed to assess the amount of calcium consumed daily and to useas an educational tool in diet counseling and for prescribing calcium supplementation. The subjects were 26 perimenopausal women, aged 48 to 56 years, who were participants in a longitudinal osteoporosis study. Diets of the subjects were studied during the winter andsummer of one year. Subjects filled out a food frequency questionnaire and the next week completed 4-day food intake records according to instructions from the researchers. The mean daily intake of calcium estimated from the food frequency questionnaire was 928 mg inthe winter and 912 mg 6 months later. Ranges in the winter were 227 to 2,243 mg calcium and in the summer 198 to 3,063 mg calcium. The 53-item FFQ included descriptions of portion sizes and a calcium index for each item and had options for two frequency periods. The calcium level estimated from the questionnaire correlated (r=.73 in winter and r= .84 in summer) with the estimated amount from 4-day records. A seasonal difference was not found. The brief time (

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Seasonal variations in EPA varied with the temperature cycle consistent with, though somewhat damped relative to, the temperature dependence of the enzymes themselves and showed no response to variations in substrate concentrations or bacterial numbers.
Abstract: Extracellular proteolytic activity (EPA) on an intertidal mudflat was examined over a 2-yr period, with focus on characteristics of enzyme systems and the controlling influences on enzyme activity levels. EPA was primarily associated with the particulate rather than the pore-water phase. Inhibitor studies indicated the presence of primarily metallo- and thiol proteases, with pH optima in the range 8–9.5. Temperature optima increased with depth in the sediment, being in the 20°–35°C range for surficial sediments and the 40°–50°C range in the subsurface. Activation energies at environmental temperatures were in the 63–67 kJ mol−1 range. The hypothesis of progressive humification of enzyme activity with depth was discarded on the basis of results from thermal denaturation experiments. EPA levels decreased with depth and hence correlated with substrate concentration and bacterial populations, but this correlation was not a tight one. Seasonal variations in EPA varied with the temperature cycle consistent with, though somewhat damped relative to, the temperature dependence of the enzymes themselves and showed no response to variations in substrate concentrations or bacterial numbers.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Age-related changes in foliar traits were not associated with changes in DNA methylation between juvenile and mature scions, and it was found that 20% of foliar DNA cytosine residues were methylated in both scion types.
Abstract: The time course of maturation in eastern larch ( Larix laricina [Du Roi] K. Koch) was examined by grafting scions from trees of different ages onto 2-year-old root stock and following scion development for several years. Height, diameter, foliar chlorophyll content, and rooting ability of scion-derived cuttings all varied linearly as a function of log 10 age. Chlorophyll content (milligrams per gram of dry weight) increased while height, diameter, and ability to root decreased with age (P a/b ratio did not change. Also, juvenile long shoot needles were significantly longer than mature (P

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The ALBIOS project as mentioned in this paper examined the influence of acidic deposition on aluminum transport and toxicity in forested ecosystems of eastern North America and northern Europe and found that aluminum toxicity could act as a contributing stress factor affecting forest growth.
Abstract: The ALBIOS project was conducted to examine the influence of acidic deposition on aluminum transport and toxicity in forested ecosystems of eastern North America and northern Europe. Patterns of aluminum chemistry were evaluated in 14 representative watersheds exposed to different levels of sulfur deposition. Controlled studies with solution and soil culture methods were used to test interspecific differences in aluminum sensitivity for one indicator species (honeylocust - Gleditsia triacanthos L. ) and six commercial tree species (red spruce - Picea rubens Sarg., red oak - Quercus rubra L., sugar maple - Acer saccharum Marsh., American beech - Fagus grandifolia Ehrh., European beech - Fagus sylvatica, and loblolly pine - Pinus Taeda L. ). Overall, red spruce was the tree species whose growth was most sensitive to soluble aluminum, with significant biomass reductions occurring at Al concentrations of approximately 200–250 umol/L. Analyses of soil solutions from the field sites indicated that the conditions for aluminum toxicity for some species exist at some of the study areas. At these watersheds, aluminum toxicity could act as a contributing stress factor affecting forest growth.

Journal Article
TL;DR: The conclusion that rIL-2 is a lectin is supported by the observation that the sequence of IL-2 shares 27% homology with a 33-residue sequence of the carbohydrate-binding domain of human mannose-binding protein, and might function preferentially in acidic microenvironments.
Abstract: Utilizing a solid phase binding assay, we have demonstrated that rIL-2 binds with high affinity to the human urinary glycoprotein uromodulin. This binding is specifically inhibited by the saccharides diacetylchitobiose and Man(alpha 1-3)(Man(alpha 1-6]Man-O-methyl and by the high mannose glycopeptides Man5GlcNAc2-R and Man6GlcNAc2-R, but not by Man9GlcNAc2-R. rIL-2 also binds OVA, a glycoprotein which contains approximately 50% high mannose chains at a single glycosylation site, and to yeast mannan. This binding is inhibited by the same battery of saccharides which inhibit the binding to uromodulin. The conclusion that rIL-2 is a lectin is further supported by the observation that the sequence of IL-2 shares 27% homology with a 33-residue sequence of the carbohydrate-binding domain of human mannose-binding protein. The potential physiologic relevance of the carbohydrate binding activity is further elucidated by studies which show that 1) binding of soluble rIL-2 to immobilized uromodulin is enhanced at a pH of 4 to5 in the presence of divalent cations, and 2) neither uromodulin nor the high mannose glycopeptide Man5GlcNAc2Asn blocks the binding of rIL-2 to the IL-2R. Thus the carbohydrate-binding site of rIL-2 is distinct from the cell surface receptor-binding site, and might function preferentially in acidic microenvironments.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assign an early Holocene age to Hatherton drift, a late Wisconsin age to Britannia drifts, and an age of marine isotope Stage 6 to Danum drift.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the structure and communication of social pretend play activity in preschool-age children and found that the language of social pretending differs from that of other social activities at several levels of language organization.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a thermal model for the transition zone of high-grade metamorphism in the south-western part of the Acadian metamorphic belt is presented. But the model assumes that the plutons themselves are a result of lower crustal melting in response to crustal thickening in the presence of normal or slightly augmented mantle heat flux.
Abstract: Following the Middle Devonian Acadian deformation an extensive belt of high grade metamorphism was formed in New England. In south-western Maine, at the northern end of this belt, there occurs a transition along the strike from regional low-pressure/high-temperature metamorphism to contact metamorphism in low-grade rocks. Petrological studies indicate that this transition occurs along a surface plunging to the north-east at about 3.5°, with respect to the Middle-to-Late Devonian erosion surface. In addition, detailed petrological mapping has defined a history of temporally separate, localized metamorphic events associated with plutonism and occurring at increasingly deeper levels to the south-west. Geochronological studies constrain ambient temperatures in the transition zone at the time of metamorphism to be less than 300° C in the north-east and between 350° C and 500° C in the south-west. They also establish a pattern of diachronous cooling due to differential uplift and erosion, with cooling occurring later and most rapidly to the south-west. Geophysical evidence suggests that along with this spatial variation in metamorphic style the shapes of the plutons in Maine undergo a transition from laterally extensive sheet-like bodies in the high grade terrane to more equant-shaped bodies in the low-grade terrane. Using the results of these petrological, geochronological and geophysical studies, as well as those of stratigraphical and structural studies we construct a thermal model for the transition zone. The model suggests that the Acadian metamorphism in south-western Maine is a result of deep-level contact metamorphism near laterally extensive granitic sills dipping to the north-east with respect to the present erosion surface. The plutons themselves are interpreted to be a result of lower crustal melting in response to crustal thickening in the presence of normal or slightly augmented mantle heat flux.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: One year's measurements of surficial sedimentation rates (1986-1987) for 26 Maine marsh sites were made over marker horizons of brick dust, and observed sediment accumulation rates, from 0 to 13 mm yr−1, were compared with marsh morphology, local relative sea-level rise rate, mean tidal range, and ice rafting activity.
Abstract: One year’s measurements of surficial sedimentation rates (1986–1987) for 26 Maine marsh sites were made over marker horizons of brick dust. Observed sediment accumulation rates, from 0 to 13 mm yr−1, were compared with marsh morphology, local relative sea-level rise rate, mean tidal range, and ice rafting activity. Marshes with four different morphologies (back-barrier, fluvial, bluff-toe, and transitional) showed distinctly different sediment accumulation rates. In general, back-barrier marshes had the highest accumulation rates and blufftoe marshes had the lowest rates, with intermediate values for transitional and fluvial marshes. No causal relationship between modern marsh sediment accumulation rate and relative sea-level rise rate (from tide gauge records) was observed. Marsh accretionary balance (sediment accumulation rate minus relative sea-level rise rate) did not correlate with mean tidal range for this meso- to macro-tidal area. Estimates of ice-rafted debris on marsh sites ranged from 0% to >100% of measured surficial sedimentation rates, indicating that ice transport of sediment may make a significant contribution to surficial sedimentation on Maine salt marshes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors assign an early Holocene age to Plunket drift, a late Wisconsin age to Beardmore drift, and an age of marine isotope Stage 6 to Meyer drift.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new period mutation has been induced and characterized in D. melanogaster that causes flies to be apparently arrhythmic in tests of locomotor activity and thus is superficially similar to the original per01 mutant, yet the new "zero" allele, per04, has some novel properties and effects.
Abstract: A new period mutation has been induced and characterized in D. melanogaster. It causes flies to be apparently arrhythmic in tests of locomotor activity and thus is superficially similar to the original per01 mutant. Yet, the new "zero" allele, per04, has some novel properties and effects: Behaviorally, per04 adults often exhibit weak, long-period rhythms of locomotor activity in constant darkness; this low-frequency rhythmicity usually was not obvious in the analog behavioral records but was readily revealed by spectral analyses. These treatments of the data also extracted hidden high-frequency (ultradian) rhythms in many of the behavioral records, of the type associated with per01 and other per-nulls. The wide range of periodicities exhibited by different per04-expressing flies implies the expression of multiple oscillatory modes by this mutant. The new mutation also leads to a tendency for flies to be hyperactive during activity monitoring and is thus dissimilar to the other arrhythmic variants in the per gene but similar to the effects of a deletion of the locus. During light:dark cycling, per04 adults once more behave differently from other per0's and in fact tend to resemble wild-type flies in these conditions. The new mutation is not caused by the same nucleotide substitution that created a stop codon in the original arrhythmic per mutant and, as it turns out, per02 and per03 as well. per04 is also not a null variant at the transcriptional level; but it leads to an anomalous form of per mRNA, which is smaller than the normal 4.5 kb species encoded by this clock gene.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe and analyze teacher conceptions of the meaning of history, and explore factors which may shape teachers' conceptions of history using survey and interviews, and develop a composite teacher typologies.
Abstract: The central purpose of this exploratory investigation is to describe and analyze teacher conceptions of the meaning of history. The study also explores factors which may shape teacher conceptions of the meaning of history. Data collection included survey and interviews. Data were analyzed using content analysis of fieldnotes, frequency analysis and crosstabulation of survey questionnaires. Patterns and themes which emerged were then developed into composite teacher typologies. Teacher typologies included five conceptions of history: the storyteller, the scientific historian, the relativist/reformer, the cosmic philosopher, and the eclectic. Teacher conceptions of history seem related to teacher ideology and to pedagogical orientation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article concludes that the practice of science and psychotherapy involves metaphysics in (a) problem choice, (b) research and therapy design, (c) observation statements, (d) resolving the Duhemian problem, and (e) modifying hypotheses to encompass anomalous results.
Abstract: Is the clinical psychologist best characterized as a scientist-practitioner? Or does the practice of science and psychotherapy involve metaphysics to such an extent that the clinical psychologist ought to be considered a metaphysician-scientist-practitioner? To answer these questions, the roles, if any, of metaphysics in science and psychotherapy are examined. This article investigates this question by examining the views of the logical positivists, Karl Popper and Imre Lakatos, and concludes that the practice of science and psychotherapy involves metaphysics in (a) problem choice, (b) research and therapy design, (c) observation statements, (d) resolving the Duhemian problem, and (e) modifying hypotheses to encompass anomalous results.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A panel of monoclonal antibodies was prepared and used to develop an enzyme immunodot assay for the rapid identification and presumptive serotyping of aquatic birnaviruses that provides significant advantages in specificity and standardization compared with currently used tests.
Abstract: A panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) was prepared and used to develop an enzyme immunodot assay for the rapid identification and presumptive serotyping of aquatic birnaviruses. Comparison of the reaction patterns of these MAbs with representative virus isolates indicated that one MAb recognizes a serogroup-reactive epitope and can therefore be used for identification of all serogroup A aquatic birnaviruses, the predominant serotype worldwide. Other MAbs exhibited more restrictive specificities, permitting the presumptive serotyping of viruses of the three recognized serotypes and the identification of some individual strains. This assay, in which MAbs are used, is more efficient in terms of time, cost, and case of performance and provides significant advantages in specificity and standardization compared with currently used tests. Images


Journal Article
TL;DR: Most patients in the study had more accurate perceptions of drug effects than had been predicted and were able to identify the test drug, but how much this awareness contributed to the perceived effectiveness of cyclobenzaprine is unknown.
Abstract: We attempted a randomized, double blind trial of placebo vs cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) in 40 female patients with fibromyalgia from a private rheumatology practice in Maine. Patient reports and physician global assessments indicated that cyclobenzaprine was more effective than placebo in alleviating symptoms of fibromyalgia in a subgroup of patients. However, most patients in the study had more accurate perceptions of drug effects than had been predicted and were able to identify the test drug. How much this awareness contributed to the perceived effectiveness of cyclobenzaprine is unknown.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Barrier morphology and backbarrier stratigraphy of the coast of Maine is studied in this article, where the authors identify inlet processes and Holocene sea-level rise as the principal drivers of coarse-grained barrier stratigraphic changes.