University of Maine

About: University of Maine is a education organization based out in Orono, Maine, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Ice sheet. The organization has 8637 authors who have published 16932 publications receiving 590124 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Maine at Orono.

Order out of Chaos

Abstract: The current crisis in the world's fisheries indicates the need for a different management method than that now used by Western scientists, which regulates the quantity of fish taken. The authors propose a method called parametric management, which takes into account the complex, chaotic nature offish stocks and emphasizes preserving regular biological processes in the life cycle of fish by controlling how people fish. Supporting data come from 28 folk societies, the Maine lobster industry, and the authors' mathematical model of fish stocks.

Insights into spatial sensitivities of ice mass response to environmental change from the SeaRISE ice sheet modeling project I: Antarctica

Abstract: Atmospheric, oceanic, and subglacial forcing scenarios from the Sea-level Response to Ice Sheet Evolution (SeaRISE) project are applied to six three-dimensional thermomechanical ice-sheet models to assess Antarctic ice sheet sensitivity over a 500 year timescale and to inform future modeling and field studies. Results indicate (i) growth with warming, except within low-latitude basins (where inland thickening is outpaced by marginal thinning); (ii) mass loss with enhanced sliding (with basins dominated by high driving stresses affected more than basins with low-surface-slope streaming ice); and (iii) mass loss with enhanced ice shelf melting (with changes in West Antarctica dominating the signal due to its marine setting and extensive ice shelves; cf. minimal impact in the Terre Adelie, George V, Oates, and Victoria Land region of East Antarctica). Ice loss due to dynamic changes associated with enhanced sliding and/or sub-shelf melting exceeds the gain due to increased precipitation. Furthermore, differences in results between and within basins as well as the controlling impact of sub-shelf melting on ice dynamics highlight the need for improved understanding of basal conditions, grounding-zone processes, ocean-ice interactions, and the numerical representation of all three.

The Rise of Partisanship and the Expansion of Partisan Conflict within the American Electorate

Abstract: Recent research has outlined important changes in partisanship among political elites in the United States. Specifically, the effect of partisanship on politicians’ vote choice and other political behavior has risen, and the number of issue areas where partisan conflict is present has increased. This article examines whether similar changes have taken place among the general electorate. Using data from the NES Cumulative Datafile, the findings presented here do point to changes in partisanship among the mass public. Once thought to be in decline, mass partisanship has rebounded significantly in recent years. In a related development that is perhaps more important, partisanship has become more pervasive within the electorate, with partisan conflict now penetrating into a greater number of issue areas. Partisanship has become relevant in the areas of racial and cultural issues while retaining its importance for issues involving economic equality.

Molecular composition and biodegradability of soil organic matter: a case study comparing two new England forest types.

Abstract: Soil organic matter (SOM) is involved in many important soil processes such as carbon sequestration and the solubility of plant nutrients and metals. Ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry was used to determine the influence of forest vegetation type and soil depth on the molecular composition of the water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) fraction. Contrasting the upper 0–5 cm with the 25–50 cm B horizon depth increment, the relative abundance of lipids and carbohydrates significantly increased, whereas condensed aromatics and tannins significantly decreased for the deciduous stand WEOM. No significant abundance changes were found for the coniferous stand DOM. Kendrick mass defect analysis showed that the WEOM of the 25–50 cm B horizon was depleted in oxygen-rich and higher mass components as compared to the 0–5 cm B horizon WEOM, suggesting that higher mass WEOM components with oxygen-containing functionality show greater reactivity in abiotic and/or biotic reactions. Furthermore, using an inoculated 14...