Institution
University of Maine
Education•Orono, Maine, United States•
About: University of Maine is a education organization based out in Orono, Maine, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Ice sheet. The organization has 8637 authors who have published 16932 publications receiving 590124 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Maine at Orono.
Topics: Population, Ice sheet, Glacial period, Glacier, Ice core
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: Unique attributes of brassicas that make them promising options for pest management, as well as generally beneficial cover crops are discussed and some important agronomic considerations about the use of brassica cover crops.
Abstract: Cover crops offer many benefits for farmers seeking to reduce their reliance on external inputs. These include maintaining and improving soil quality, preventing erosion and, in some cases, allelopathic weed control. Allelopathic potential has been well documented for cover crops such as cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Much less is known about other potentially allelopathic cover crops, including certain brassicaceous species that are normally grown for their oilseeds, including canola and rapeseed (both Brassica napus L.) and mustards (e.g., Sinapis alba L., white and yellow mustard). Because of their potential contribution to pest management, there is increased interest in growing brassicas, both as cover crops and as seed crops harvested for oil production. In this review, we first discuss unique attributes of brassicas that make them promising options for pest management, as well as generally beneficial cover crops. Next, we review the literature from controlled settings on the effects of brassicas, brassica extracts and isolated compounds contained therein on seed germination, seedling emergence and establishment, and seedling growth—effects that, combined or taken alone, could contribute to reducing the density and vigor of weed communities in the field. Field studies examining the detrimental effects of brassicas in rotation with other crops, as well as examining the effects of brassica cover crops on weed dynamics in subsequent crops, also are reviewed. Finally, we review some important agronomic considerations about the use of brassica cover crops.
213 citations
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TL;DR: Methane oxidation in soil cores from a mixed hardwood-coniferous forest varied relatively little as a function of incubation temperatures from -1 to 30 degrees C, but the increase in oxidation rate was proportional to T, consistent with limitation of methane transport through a soil gas phase to a subsurface zone of consumption by diffusion.
Abstract: Methane oxidation in soil cores from a mixed hardwood-coniferous forest varied relatively little as a function of incubation temperatures from −1 to 30°C. The increase in oxidation rate was proportional to T2.4 (in kelvins). This relationship was consistent with limitation of methane transport through a soil gas phase to a subsurface zone of consumption by diffusion. The Q10 for CO2 production, 3.4, was substantially higher than that for methane oxidation, 1.1, and indicated that the response of soil respiration to temperature was limited by enzymatic processes and not diffusion of either organic substrates or molecular oxygen. When grown under conditions of phase-transfer limitation, cultures of Methylomonas rubra showed a minimal response to temperature changes between 19 and 38°C, as indicated by methane oxidation rates; in the absence of phase-transfer limitations, M. rubra oxidized methane at rates strongly dependent on temperature.
213 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that ammonium inhibition increases with increasing atmospheric methane concentration, and that the persistence of inhibition with reduced ammonium concentrations is due to the limited capacity of methanotrophs to grow or recover in present concentrations of atmospheric methane.
Abstract: SOILS currently consume about 30–40 Tg methane per year1,2, which is comparable to the net annual increase in atmospheric methane concentration from 1980 to 19903. Most soils consume methane2,4–9, but the extent varies with soil water content, land use and ammonium inputs5,10–13. Ammonium concentrations in many soils have increased in recent years as a result of land-use changes and increases in ammonium concentration in precipitation14,15. Ammonium strongly inhibits soil methane consumption, but the mechanism is uncertain. Even if enhanced ammonium concentrations are subsequently reduced, inhibition can still persist for months to years12,13. Here we show, from field and laboratory experiments, that the extent of ammonium inhibition increases with increasing methane concentration. We propose that nitrite formation from methanotrophic ammonium oxidation accounts for much of the observed inhibition, and that the persistence of inhibition with reduced ammonium concentrations is due to the limited capacity of methanotrophs to grow or recover in present concentrations of atmospheric methane. We suggest that past increases in atmospheric methane concentration may have increased the inhibitory effect of ammonium, thereby decreasing soil methane uptake capacity, and that this mechanism could also provide a positive feedback on future atmospheric methane concentrations.
213 citations
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology1, University of Texas at Austin2, Texas A&M University3, Université libre de Bruxelles4, University of California, Santa Cruz5, Florida State University6, Museum für Naturkunde7, University of Southampton8, Bridgewater State University9, University of Maine10, Scottish Enterprise11, University of Notre Dame12, University of Sydney13, University of Canberra14, University of Hawaii at Manoa15, University of Arizona16, Oregon State University17, RWTH Aachen University18, University of Texas at Arlington19, University of Bristol20, Technical University of Denmark21, University of Rochester22, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich23
TL;DR: In this article, the dominant rocks are basalts with geochemical characteristics distinct from those of mid-ocean ridge basalts and the presence of wood fragments, charcoal, pollen, spores and seeds in the shallow water sediments overlying the igneous basement show that the growth rate of the plateau was sufficient to form subaerial landmasses.
212 citations
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the height of this stadial, about 16,000 to 17,000 years ago (Heinrich event 1), coincided with one of the most extreme and widespread megadroughts of the past 50,000 Years or more in the Afro-Asian monsoon region, with potentially serious consequences for Paleolithic cultures.
Abstract: Between 15,000 and 18,000 years ago, large amounts of ice and meltwater entered the North Atlantic during Heinrich stadial 1 This caused substantial regional cooling, but major climatic impacts also occurred in the tropics Here, we demonstrate that the height of this stadial, about 16,000 to 17,000 years ago (Heinrich event 1), coincided with one of the most extreme and widespread megadroughts of the past 50,000 years or more in the Afro-Asian monsoon region, with potentially serious consequences for Paleolithic cultures Late Quaternary tropical drying commonly is attributed to southward drift of the intertropical convergence zone, but the broad geographic range of the Heinrich event 1 megadrought suggests that severe, systemic weakening of Afro-Asian rainfall systems also occurred, probably in response to sea surface cooling
212 citations
Authors
Showing all 8729 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Clifford J. Rosen | 111 | 655 | 47881 |
Juan S. Bonifacino | 108 | 303 | 46554 |
John D. Aber | 107 | 204 | 48500 |
Surendra P. Shah | 99 | 710 | 32832 |
Charles T. Driscoll | 97 | 554 | 37355 |
Samuel Madden | 95 | 388 | 46424 |
Lihua Xiao | 93 | 495 | 32721 |
Patrick G. Hatcher | 91 | 401 | 27519 |
Pedro J. J. Alvarez | 89 | 378 | 34837 |
George R. Pettit | 89 | 848 | 31759 |
James R. Wilson | 89 | 1271 | 37470 |
Steven Girvin | 86 | 366 | 38963 |
Peter Marler | 81 | 174 | 22070 |
Garry R. Buettner | 80 | 304 | 29273 |
Paul Andrew Mayewski | 80 | 420 | 29356 |