University of Mainz

About: University of Mainz is a education organization based out in Mainz, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Immune system. The organization has 37673 authors who have published 71163 publications receiving 2497880 citations. The organization is also known as: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz & Universität Mainz.

The circumferential resection margin in rectal carcinoma surgery.

Abstract: After radical resection of rectal carcinoma, the circumferential resection margin (CRM) on the non-peritonealized surface of the resected specimen is of critical importance. Histopathological examination of resected specimens must include careful assessment of the CRM. There is a need to distinguish between CRM-positive (CRM directly involved by tumor or minimal distance between tumor and CRM 1 mm or less) and CRM-negative (distance between tumor and CRM more than 1 mm) situations. Optimized surgery (so-called TME surgery) and an experienced surgeon decrease the frequency of CRM-positive specimens. The CRM status is an important predictor of local and distant recurrence as well as survival. The CRM status can be reliably predicted by preoperative thin-slice high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In the event of predicted CRM-positivity, neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy is indicated.

Parenchymal and nonparenchymal liver cells and their interaction in the local immune response.

Abstract: Nonparenchymal liver cells (Kupffer cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells, Ito-cells and liver-associated lymphocytes) interact with hepatocytes and with each other by soluble mediators and direct cell-cell contact. The acute phase response is a nonspecific reaction of the organism to trauma, injury or infection and its main constituents the acute phase proteins are produced by hepatocytes. The profile of acute phase protein production is influenced by the local presence of cytokines with IL-6 as the principal regulator. Nonparenchymal cells (Kupffer cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells and Ito-cells) are a source of IL-6 and therefore participate in the generation of acute phase response. The release of IL-10 by Kupffer cells with consecutive down-regulation of IL-6 production may be a mechanism by which resolution of acute phase response is achieved. Still, the mechanisms underlying chronic inflammation remain unclear. Concerning the antigen-specific immune response nonparenchymal liver cells have a number of important functions. They can act as antigen-presenting cells (Kupffer cells) or mediate effector functions (liver associated lymphocytes). Local interaction of nonparenchymal cells with hepatocytes can be mediated by cytokines and/or adhesion molecule expression which again may lead to mutual influence of immunological functions, e.g. TNF-alpha release by Kupffer cells may enhance MHC-II expression on hepatocytes and consequently augment antigen-presenting capacity leading to an improved antigen-specific immune response. Leukocytes are attracted and home to the liver by mechanisms poorly defined because the initial contact between leukocytes and macrovascular endothelium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Gut microbiota differs between children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and healthy siblings in taxonomic and functional composition - a metagenomic analysis

Abstract: In this sibling study, prior reports of microbial dysbiosis in IBD patients from 16S rRNA sequencing was verified using deep shotgun sequencing and augmented with insights into the abundance of bac...

Heavy quark pair production in gluon fusion at next-to-next-to-leading O ( α s 4 ) order: One-loop squared contributions

Abstract: We calculate the next-to-next-to-leading-order $\mathcal{O}({\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}^{4})$ one-loop squared corrections to the production of heavy-quark pairs in the gluon-gluon fusion process. Together with the previously derived results on the $q\overline{q}$ production channel, the results of this paper complete the calculation of the one-loop squared contributions of the next-to-next-to-leading-order $\mathcal{O}({\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}^{4})$ radiative QCD corrections to the hadroproduction of heavy flavors. Our results, with the full mass dependence retained, are presented in a closed and very compact form, in dimensional regularization.