University of Malaya

About: University of Malaya is a education organization based out in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Fiber laser. The organization has 25087 authors who have published 51491 publications receiving 1036791 citations. The organization is also known as: UM & Universiti Malaya.

Potentially malignant disorders of the oral cavity: current practice and future directions in the clinic and laboratory.

Abstract: Despite commendable progress in the prevention, detection, and treatment of a wide variety of solid tumor types, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains a significant health burden across the globe. OSCC carcinogenesis involves accumulation of genetic alterations that coincide with the multistep malignant transformation of normal oral epithelium. OSCC is often first diagnosed at late stages of the disease (advanced regional disease and/or metastasis). Delayed diagnosis precludes successful treatment and favorable outcomes. In clinical practice, opportunities exist to identify patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), which precede the development of cancer. This review addresses the current status of laboratory and clinical research on OPMDs, with emphasis on leukoplakia and erythroplakia. OSF is also presented, though there is a paucity of published studies on this disorder. We focus on findings that could translate into earlier diagnosis and more efficacious treatment of those lesions with significant malignant potential. We explore how markers of OPMD malignant transformation might be implemented into current diagnostic practice to help clinicians objectively stratify patients into treatment/follow-up groups according to relative risk. We provide an overview of recently concluded and ongoing OPMD chemoprevention trials. We describe laboratory OPMD models that can be used to not only to reveal the genetic and molecular intricacies of oral cancer but also to develop novel screening methods and therapeutic approaches. Finally, we call for targeted screening programs of at-risk populations in order to facilitate diagnosis and treatment of OPMD and early OSCC.

Synthesis and thermal conductivity characteristic of hybrid nanofluids – A review

Abstract: Most of the researches on nanofluids conducted since the past decade focused on the single type particle based nanofluids. The characteristics of this type of nanofluid are well defined and explored. The advancement in nanomaterial has enabled the production of hybrid nanoparticles (nanocomposites) and recently, there are noticeable amount of researchers investigated on the characteristic of hybrid nanofluids. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to explore the synthesis method used by the researchers to develop hybrid nanofluids. Apart from that, hybrid nanofluid's thermal conductivity, challenges and future direction of this field are discussed. Based on the review, it is found that carbon nanotube is often combined with other material to synthesize hybrid nanoparticles. Hybrid nanofluids exhibit improved thermal conductivity characteristic. However, challenges such as hybrid nanofluids stability, selection of proper hybrid nanoparticles and its complex fabrication process and limited thermal conductivity model for hybrid nanofluids need to be addressed first. Better knowledge and understanding on these area are required in order to develop hybrid nanofluid which is not only provide enhanced thermal conductivity but also stable and does not require complicated synthesis process.