Showing papers by "University of Manchester published in 1980"
1,121 citations
TL;DR: Women who had previously given birth to one or more infants with a neural-tube defect were recruited into a trial of periconceptional multivitamin supplementation and found no difference in the number of infants/fetuses with an NTD.
560 citations
340 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe statistical tests for testing the assumption that the series conforms to a linear model, based on the bispectral density function, and demonstrate these tests with two real time series and four simulated time series.
Abstract: . A standard assumption that is often made in time series analysis is that the series conforms to a linear model. The object of this paper is to describe statistical tests for testing this assumption. The tests are constructed from the bispectral density function, and depend on the application of Hotelling T2. These tests are illustrated with two real time series and four simulated time series. Some guidelines about the choice of the parameters are also included.
318 citations
TL;DR: A sequential type of recursive algorithm for identifying state‐dependent models is described, and it is shown how such models may be used for forecasting and for indicating specific types of non‐linear behaviour.
Abstract: . We construct a general class of non-linear models, called ‘state-dependent models’, which have a very flexible non-linear structure and which contain, as special cases, bilinear, threshold autoregressive, and exponential autoregressive models. We describe a sequential type of recursive algorithm for identifying state-dependent models, and show how such models may be used for forecasting and for indicating specific types of non-linear behaviour.
289 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the applicability of a cybernetic model of control to the control of human organizations is explored, with particular reference to the role of accounting information systems, and the analysis uncovers a number of issues that require resolution before the model can be applied to accounting information system design.
Abstract: Organisation control is a subject of fundamental importance to the designer of accounting control systems. Yet discussions of accounting control tend to take place against a back-cloth of incomplete and outmoded theories of organisation and simplistic and authoritarian concepts of control. In this paper, the applicability of a cybernetic model of control to the control of human organisations is explored, with particular reference to the role of accounting information systems. The analysis uncovers a number of issues that require resolution before the model can be applied to accounting information system design. Some directions for research on accounting controls are discussed.
286 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the growth of condensate droplets rising above cloud base within small cumuli which are entraining undersaturated environmental air is investigated. But the authors assume that the mixing process is inhomogeneous.
Abstract: In this, the first of two related papers, we present calculations of the growth of a population of condensate droplets rising above cloud base within small cumuli which are entraining undersaturated environmental air. It is assumed, on the basis of dimensional arguments and laboratory experiments on entrainment, conducted within a cloud droplet evolution tunnel, that this mixing process is inhomogeneous.
In the extreme situation to which the calculations apply undersaturated air is entrained in a stream, or in blobs, and some droplets of all sizes are completely removed from the condensate spectrum by evaporation, while others do not change in size. This is equivalent to assuming that the time constant for turbulent mixing (ττ) is large relative to that for droplet evaporation (τr), and is thus the antithesis to the homogeneous model utilized by other workers, which assumes implicitly that ττ/τr = 0.
The calculations based on the extreme inhomogeneous model produce spectral shapes which agree well with those reported in cumulus by Warner (1969a) and indicate that a small proportion of the droplets can grow several times faster through the condensate spectrum than classical theory predicts.
265 citations
TL;DR: Hooks, suction, electrostatic forces and seizure are largely discredited, and molecular adhesion between the setae and the substratum, and possibly the cohesive forces and surface tension of a thin fluid layer, are confirmed as the most likely modes of adhesion on smooth surfaces in C. polita and most beetles.
Abstract: 1Pulling forces of Chrysolina polita (L) on glass, perspex and cloth have been recorded and are plotted against body weight The additional weight of eggs in many of the females is probably the main reason that, in females, pulling forces do not increase significantly with body weight, whereas those of males do 2Pulling forces on glass and perspex are significantly correlated but, in general, neither are significantly correlated with those on cloth This is because traction on glass and perspex is achieved by the adhesive setae, and on cloth by the tarsal claws 3Counts of the adhesive setae in 14 individuals indicate that numbers of climbing setae in females and males and females (combined), male setae in males, and the total number of adhesive setae in males, all show a significant increase with body weight 4Pulling force increases with the total number of adhesive setae in females, and males and females (combined)Multiple regression analysis confirms the view that pulling force is a function of the number of adhesive setae 5Hooks, suction, electrostatic forces and seizure are largely discredited, and molecular adhesion between the setae and the substratum, and possibly the cohesive forces and surface tension of a thin fluid layer, are confirmed as the most likely modes of adhesion on smooth surfaces in C polita and most beetles 6It is proposed that the main forces of detachment acting on a leaf beetle are probably drag and the whiplash effect of the leaves and branches Estimates for the wind speeds required to remove beetles from glass and cloth by drag forces alone are calculated
254 citations
240 citations
TL;DR: The two-liquid field between alkali-carbonate liquids and phonolite or nephelinite magmas from the Oldoinyo Lengai volcano has been determined between 0.7 and 7.6 kb and 900°-1,250° C as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The two-liquid field between alkali-carbonate liquids and phonolite or nephelinite magmas from the Oldoinyo Lengai volcano has been determined between 0.7 and 7.6 kb and 900°–1,250° C. The miscibility gap expands with increase in
$$P_{CO_2 }$$
and decrease in temperature. Concomitantly there is a rotation of tie-lines so that the carbonate liquids become richer in CaO. The element distribution between the melts indicates that a carbonate liquid equivalent in composition to Oldoinyo Lengai natrocarbonatite lava would have separated from a phonolitic rather than a nephelinitic magma. CO2-saturated nephelinites coexist with carbonate liquids much richer in CaO than the Lengai carbonatites, but even so these liquids have high alkali concentrations. If the sovites of hypabyssal and plutonic ijolite-carbonatite complexes originated by liquid immiscibility, then large quantities of alkalis have been lost, as is suggested by fenitization and related phenomena. The miscibility gap closes away from Na2O-rich compositions, so that the tendency to exsolve a carbonatite melt is greater in salic than in mafic silicate magmas. The two-liquid field does not approach kimberlitic compositions over the range of pressures studied, suggesting that the globular textures observed in many kimberlite sills and dykes may be the result of processes other than liquid immiscibility at crustal pressures.
238 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that all the observed morphological abnormalities, with the exception of cytotrophoblast cell degeneration, are explicable solely on the basis of utero-placental ischaemia and that no other aetiological factor need be invoked.
TL;DR: The role played by boundary contributions to the integrated quantum mechanical propogator for a finite system is emphasised in this paper, where the local stress tensor is calculated for a scalar field at finite temperature in a static spacetime with boundaries.
TL;DR: Scanning electron micrographs of the tarsal adhesive setae of 84 species of beetle show a vast range of setal structure and distribution.
TL;DR: The composition of the ether lipids of a strain of Caldariella acidophila, with respect to the different numbers of cyclizations of the biphytanyl components, is shown to differ between the various complex lipid classes.
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: The notion of Frege structure is introduced and shown to give a coherent context for the rigorous development of the Frege's logical notion of set and an explanation of Russell's paradox.
Abstract: The notion of Frege structure is introduced and shown to give a coherent context for the rigorous development of Frege's logical notion of set and an explanation of Russell's paradox.
TL;DR: In this paper, the topological distribution of charged and neutral hadrons from the reaction e+e− → multihadrons is studied at √s of about 30 GeV, and an excess of planar events is observed at a rate which cannot be explained by statistical fluctuations in the standard two-jet process.
TL;DR: In this article, the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model is discussed within an exact replica formalism and reduced to a (time-dependent) single-site problem, and the existence of a phase transition is established for all values of the spin S.
Abstract: The Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model, generalised to quantum spins, is discussed within an exact replica formalism and reduced to a (time-dependent) single-site problem. The existence of a phase transition is established for all values of the spin S.
TL;DR: T Tinker as discussed by the authors argued that the marginal underpinnings of accounting are deficient on logical grounds and argued that accounting should be regarded as an ideology, and that the Delco case study supports this view.
Abstract: “Practical men who believe themselves to be exempt from any intellectual influences are usually the slave of some defunct economist” (Keynes, 1936, p 383) Lord Keynes’ observation that practical men often depend on out-dated theories and theorists seems to be a starting point for Tony Tinker’s paper This observation would seem to be as applicable to practical or instrumental sciences - such as accounting - as it is to practical men In this note I intend to examine the importance of Tinker’s contention that “the marginal underpinnings of accounting are deficient on logical grounds” After reviewing the arguments for analysing economic performance using political economy, the Delco case study is examined Finally, I consider some implications of Tony Tinker’s paper, particularly in terms of the view that accounting be regarded as ideologyThe observations made in this note are largely motivated by my belief that neo-classical economics will not ‘wither away” There are many reasons that lead me to that belief and I examine some of these alternative explanations This note therefore is in general sympathy with Tinker’s paper and seeks to explore issues and possible areas for future research that are related to Tinker’s argument
TL;DR: The ability of pig gastric mucus to retard diffusion of hydrogen and other small ions was examined in this paper, showing that the diffusion coefficient for hydrogen ions through a known thickness of mucus was four times smaller than the diffusion coefficients through an equivalent thickness of unstirred solution.
TL;DR: In a training programme to improve the accuracy with which family doctors rate psychiatric disturbances in their patients an agreement coefficient (kappa) was calculated for each trainees between their ratings of psychiatric disturbances and the symptom levels of their patients as reported on the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28).
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: In this article, the applicability of a cybernetic model of control to the control of human organizations is explored, with particular reference to the role of accounting information systems, and the analysis uncovers a number of issues that require resolution before the model can be applied to accounting information system design.
Abstract: Organization control is a subject of fundamental importance to the designer of accounting control systems. Yet discussions of accounting control tend to take place against a back-cloth of incomplete and outmoded theories of organization and simplistic and authoritarian concepts of control. In this paper, the applicability of a cybernetic model of control to the control of human organizations is explored, with particular reference to the role of accounting information systems. The analysis uncovers a number of issues that require resolution before the model can be applied to accounting information system design. Some directions for research on accounting controls are discussed.
TL;DR: C celiac epithelium contains fewer, but significantly larger lymphocytes that exhibit heightened mitotic activity; greater numbers of lymphocytes also appear to be in transit across the basal lamina.
TL;DR: Patients with postoperative epilepsy were compared with the non-epileptic survivors in respect of age, sex, blood pressure, Botterell grade, aneurysm site, interval between subarachnoid haemorrhage and operation, and presence of postoperative communicating hydrocephalus, postoperative generalised or local vasospasm, and persisting neurological deficit (other than epilepsy).
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the effect of the temperature dependence of the sorptivity and absorption of organic liquids on a variety of building stones, bricks, mortars and plasters.
TL;DR: There is a defect in active sodium absorption in inflammatory bowel disease that may contribute to the diarrhea and a secretory process, inhibited by sulphasalazine, cannot be excluded however.
TL;DR: Previous infection, although adequately controlled, may leave a heritage of pigment deposition, basement membrane thickening and immunopathological lesions which may account for both the high frequency of intra-uterine growth retardation and the rarity of congenital malaria in the presence of P. falciparum malaria.
Abstract: Histological and ultrastructural studies of four placentae heavily infected with Plasmodium falciparum revealed large intervillous accumulations of erythrocytes containing parasites together with monocytes which had ingested pigment. These appearances were associated with focal syncytial necrosis, loss of syncytial microvilli and proliferation of cytotrophoblastic cells. In addition, marked irregular thickening of trophoblastic basement membranes and protrusion of tongue-like projections of syncytiotrophoblast into the basement membrane were observed. In six other placentae which contained scanty amounts of pigment but no parasites, representing past or inactive infection, no large collections of monocytes or abnormalities of trophoblast were apparent but basement membrane thickening was evident. Immunohistological studies revealed no significant differences between placentae positive for parasites and those containing pigment only, although the amount of certain immunoproteins and clotting factors was clearly increased above normal. These findings establish that P. falciparum infection in the placenta may result in substantial damage although lesions within the villus are rare. Furthermore, previous infection, although adequately controlled, may leave a heritage of pigment deposition, basement membrane thickening and immunopathological lesions. These results may thus account for both the high frequency of intra-uterine growth retardation and the rarity of congenital malaria in the presence of P. falciparum malaria.
TL;DR: Evidence is presented which suggests that the anthocyanoplast is membrane-bounded and that it is the site of Anthocyanin biosynthesis, and the location of the mature organelle has been shown to be within the main cell vacuole.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated here that insulin, at physiologically relevant concentrations, can trigger the cyclic AMP-dependent activation and phosphorylation of a low Km cyclIC AMP phosphodiesterase attached to the liver plasma membrane.
Abstract: Regulation of blood glucose levels by the liver is primarily achieved by the action of two peptide hormones, insulin and glucagon, which bind to specific receptors associated with the hepatocyte plasma membrane. Whilst the molecular action of glucagon at the level of the cell plasma membrane in activating adenylate cyclase is relatively well understood, we know little, if anything, of the molecular consequences of insulin occupying its receptor. We demonstrate here that insulin, at physiologically relevant concentrations, can trigger the cyclic AMP-dependent activation and phosphorylation of a low Km cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase attached to the liver plasma membrane. Such an effect may in part explain the ability of insulin to inhibit the increase in cellular cyclic AMP content that glucagon alone produces by activation of adenylate cyclase. Our observation that basal, intracellular cyclic AMP levels are insufficient to allow insulin to activate the cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase, yet those cyclic AMP levels achieved after exposure of the cells to glucagon are sufficient, gives a molecular rationale to Butcher and Sutherland's proposal that it is necessary to first elevate cellular cyclic AMP levels before they can be depressed by insulin.