Showing papers by "University of Mannheim published in 1980"
84 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an experiment was conducted in order to assess the impact of discredited testimony presented by a key witness in a court setting, where subjects were asked to assume the role of jurors and to make judgments as to the defendant's liability on the basis of the evidence presented.
Abstract: An experiment was conducted in order to assess the impact of discredited testimony presented by a key witness in a court setting. One of two videotaped cases was presented to subjects who were asked to assume the role of jurors and to make judgments as to the defendant's liability on the basis of the evidence presented. The three possible effects of discredited testimony on judgments were examined: logic, overcorrection, and perseverance. Subjects dealt with discredited testimony logically, ignoring it, except in one version of one of the cases where the witness' discredited testimony constituted a false accusation. In this version, subjects overcorrected in their judgments.
57 citations
TL;DR: This paper found that the attitude change in the direction of a pro-attitudinal communication occurred only when both the communication asserted that only the position advocated was defensible and subjects had previously written a proattitudinal essay themselves.
57 citations
TL;DR: This article found that the players in the advantaged position (with better payoff possibilities) bluffed more frequently and communicated less with the opponent than their disadvantaged opponents, but there were no differences in the frequency of refusing to give requested information, nor in the willingness of requesting information.
Abstract: Seventy-eight dyads of male university students participated in a bargaining experiment. The bargaining situation was asymmetrical insofar as the two players had different payoff possibilities. Experimental instructions did not provide information about the opponent's payoff possibilities but players could ask each other for such information (except in the control condition). It was found that the players in the advantaged position (with better payoff possibilities) bluffed more frequently and communicated less with the opponent than their disadvantaged opponents. But there were no differences in the frequency of refusing to give requested information, nor in the frequency of requesting information. Verbal communication opportunities reduced the frequency of bluffing (false information) but did not by themselves lead to smaller payoff differences between the two players. Payoff differences were smallest when information exchange was obligatory and truthful and they were greatest when neither information exchange nor communication was possible.
30 citations
17 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the Frechet-manifold of all smooth embeddings of a smooth, compact, closed, orientable manifold M into two natural metricsG and====== are considered.
Abstract: OnE(M, ℝ
n
), the Frechet-manifold of all smooth embeddings of a smooth, compact, closed, orientable manifoldM (of dimensionn-1) into ℝ
n
two natural metricsG and
$$\bar G$$
are considered. The metric
$$\bar G$$
plays a central role in elasticity theory. Using a generalised notion of the Frechet derivative their respective spraysS′ and
$$\bar S'$$
and the correspoonding Levi-Civita connections are computed. BothS′ and
$$\bar S'$$
are smooth in a well defined sense. In contrast toS′ the spray
$$\bar S'$$
turns out to be trivial.
16 citations
TL;DR: The authors argue that individuals display a cognitive bias in testing hypotheses about the personal attributes of other people, i.e., they seek out information which is supportive of their hypothesis (hypothesis-confirming strategy), and that these authors confound the hypothesis a person might entertain (belief) with a hypothesis the person is asked to test (assigned task).
Abstract: Snyder and Swann (1978) advance an argument that individuals display a cognitive bias in testing hypotheses about the personal attributes of other people, i.e. they seek out information which is supportive of their hypothesis (hypothesis-confirming strategy). It is argued here that these authors confound the hypothesis a person might entertain (belief) with a hypothesis the person is asked to test (assigned task). The findings of two experimental studies in which task and belief were manipulated independently suggest that Snyder and Swann's (1978) results are due to the task manipulation and not to an hypothesis-confirming bias.
12 citations
TL;DR: Factor matrix comparisons across age groups resulted in a mean similarity coefficient of .75, which supports the hypothesis of a three-factor structure rather than a four-factor solution or a simple dual classification into items which can be solved by perceptual processes and those which require conceptual solutions.
Abstract: The Raven Coloured Progressive Matrices were administered on group or individual bases to children ranging in age from 4 yr. 9 mo. to 11 yr. 0 mo. (N = 728). Factor analysis yielded three factors: 1. Perceptual closure involving complex figures and patterns with heterogeneous inner structures, 2. Concrete and abstract reasoning, 3. Completion of homogeneous patterns and recognition of given elements. Factor matrix comparisons across age groups resulted in a mean similarity coefficient of .75. Comparisons of data with earlier analyses also resulted in high similarity. This supports the hypothesis of a three-factor structure rather than a four-factor solution or a simple dual classification into items which can be solved by perceptual processes and those which require conceptual solutions.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a male university student (N = 95) were presented with one of two fictitious situations in which a protagonist wanted to gain compliance from another person (an employee wants a promotion; a parent wants his child to study more) for each of 16 compliance-gaining behaviors (eg, promise, warning, invocation of need).
Abstract: This experiment concerned the generality of the discussion-induced shift toward pessimism found in some previous studies but not found in others Male university students (N = 95) were presented with one of two fictitious situations in which a protagonist wanted to gain compliance from another person (an employee wants a promotion; a parent wants his child to study more) For each of 16 compliance-gaining behaviors (eg, promise, warning, invocation of need) the subjects had to indicate, on a 7-point scale, the likelihood that the protagonist would be successful ("objective response mode') or they had to indicate how well they personally could perform the respective influencing behavior ("subjective response mode') All subjects first made a success-expectancy estimate In the group condition (24 triads) participants discussed the judgmental issue and then again made a private estimate on each of the 16 items in turn For the subjects in the control condition (N = 23) group discussion was replaced by fur
4 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the strict topology τ on, the set L (E, F ) of all continuous linear mappings from E into a Banach space F endowed with the topology of pointwise convergence is studied.
Abstract: We are interested in the strict topology τ on , the set L ( E, F ) of all continuous linear mappings from E into a Banach space F endowed with the topology of pointwise convergence. The T 3 -completion of the convergence tensor product E ⊗ c L c F is the set of all τ-continuous linear functionals on L ( E, F ) and τ is the topology of uniform convergence on the compact subsets of . In the case that E is a nuclear Frechet space, a nuclear ( DF )-space or a Banach space with the bounded approximation property the topology τ agrees with the topology of L co ( E, F ).
4 citations
01 Mar 1980
TL;DR: An approach for solving plant-layout problems which differs from previously proposed heuristic techniques both with regard to the underlying methodology as well as its broad applicability is presented.
Abstract: In dem Beitrag wird ein Verfahren zur Losung innerbetrieblicher Standortprobleme vorgestellt, das sich sowohl methodisch als auch hinsichtlich seiner universellen Anwendbarkeit von bisher bekannten Verfahren abhebt Die Platzzuweisung erfolgt auf das Basis empirisch ermittelter Verbundintensitaten, die mit Hilfe eines Verfahrens der nichtmetrischen mehrdimensionalen Skalierung (NMDS) auf ihre strukturellen Beziehungen hin untersucht werden Es wird gezeigt, wie sich die NMDS-Losung an raumliche Gegebenheiten anpassen last und wie das Verfahren zur Losung eines konkreten Problems eingesetzt werden kann Abschliesend wird die Leistungsfahigkeit des Verfahrens im Vergleich zu einigen bekannten Heuristiken fur verschiedene Problemgrosen uberpruft
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that an approximation of e−x on [0, ∞] by rational functions of degree n cannot be better than 52−n, which is the best known bound.
TL;DR: In this article, a quarterly model for an open economy is estimated taking into account the different exchange rate systems during the sample period 1962-1977 and different monetary instrument variables The dynamic behaviour of the systems are analysed with the usual stability tests and by considering the influence of the stochastic residuals and the exogenous variables by using spectral analytical tools.
TL;DR: In this paper, a measure theoretic framework was proposed to study the class of stopping times for certain types of stochastic processes, which are integrable and adapted to a sequence of σ-algebras on a probability space.
01 Mar 1980
TL;DR: The authors apply Lakatos's metacriterion of the rationality of normative philosophies of science to normative political theories, and argue that the tradition of utilitarian political theories is fittest to be confirmed by a Lakatosian test.
Abstract: I try to apply Lakatos's metacriterion of the rationality of normative philosophies of science to normative political theories, stressing that Lakatos's metacriterion is not only an extension of Popper's idea of tests by potentially falsifyingdescriptive basic judgments to tests by potentially falsifyingnormative judgments. Rather, its application is a test by demonstrating the tested theory's capability of reconstructing its own history as rational. Finally I argue that the tradition of utilitarian political theories is fittest to be confirmed by a Lakatosian test.
TL;DR: The integration of System Dynamics with LP‐ and Input‐Output models is realized by means of simple examples and by the combination of the stated methods with System Dynamics models an improved flexibility of the System Dynamics method is obtained.
Abstract: The integration of System Dynamics with LP‐ and Input‐Output models is realized by means of simple examples. Aspects of programming techniques as well as the conceptual meaning of this model‐method integration are discussed. By the combination of the stated methods with System Dynamics models an improved flexibility of the System Dynamics method is obtained. The optimization of a Simulation model is represented by the integration of a System Dynamics model into a higher level feedback loop structure. The optimization algorithm, the Razor Search procedure, modifies the parameters of the control vector in order to generate the optimal behaviour of the state vector of the model in relation to an objective function.
TL;DR: In this article, Bohm's (1980) data set on consumption and leisure in Austria is used to estimate the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) of Deaton and Muellbauer (1980).
01 Jan 1980
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: In this article, an approach which explicitly considers the stochastic nature of the estimated regression coefficients in order to test the Frisch hypothesis is applied, besides the uncertainty originated by the specification of equations which is considered by regarding the influence of the residuals, the risk of the estimation procedure is now taken into account.
Abstract: Until now, in analyzing dynamic properties of econometric models the usual procedure was to treat the estimated regression coefficients as fixed parameters according to the classical theoretical specification of these models. In the sequel an approach which explicitly considers the stochastic nature of the estimated regression coefficients in order to test the Frisch hypothesis is applied. Hence, besides the uncertainty originated by the specification of equations which is considered by regarding the influence of the residuals, the risk of the estimation procedure is now taken into account. Studying the stochastic nature of the estimated regression coefficients gives information about the sensitivity and the stability of cycles with regard to variations in the structural parameters as, in the following, all estimated second-order moments will be taken as fixed. According to this approach, the spectral matrices in (2.8) or (2.14) contain random variables. Hence, one has to derive from these relationships the distributions or first- and second-order moments of the spectra given the distributions or first- and second-order moments of the structural parameters.
TL;DR: In the face of diminishing reserves of raw materials, natural resources getting scarcer, how should the limited reservoir of non-replenishable raw materials such as metals and fossile fuels be utilized by successive generations? What possible solutions are proposed by economics.
Abstract: Are natural resources getting scarcer? How should the limited reservoir of non-replenishable raw materials such as metals and fossile fuels be utilized by successive generations? What possible solutions are proposed by economics in the face of diminishing reserves of raw materials? These are the questions which occupied German and foreign economists at the meeting of Gesellschaft fur Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften—Verein fur Socialpolitik—in Mannheim on September 24–26, 1979. The following report on the crucial issues raised at the meeting is not claimed to cover the full range of the discussion.
TL;DR: In this paper, the spectral radius of a nonnegative irreducible matrix is computed using a Rayleigh Quotient Iteration (RQI) algorithm and a Maximal Quantization (MQI).
Abstract: On the basis of a Rayleigh Quotient Iteration method in [10] and a Maximal Quotient Iteration method in [5, 8] two algorithms for solving special eigenvalue problems are developed. The characteristic properties of these methods lie in the application of iterative linear methods to solving systems of linear equations. The convergence properties are investigated. We apply the algorithms to the computation of the spectralradius of a nonnegative irreducible matrix.
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider uncorrelated random numbers in order to explain business cycle motions and show that these series have many of the apparent cyclic properties which characterize economic time series.
Abstract: Previous work on this topic goes back to Wicksell (1907)1) who takes into consideration uncorrelated random numbers in order to explain business cycle motions. Later, Yule (1927) and Slutzky (1937) apply an autoregressive and a moving average scheme, respectively. They show that these series have many of the apparent cyclic properties which characterize economic time series.
TL;DR: In this paper, a verallgemeinerte nichtzentralet-Test fur die Hypothese {P≤P0} withP:=Fμ,σ(x 0) gegen die Alternative {P>P 0} zum Niveau α wird mit dem entsprechenden nichtparametrischen Test (Test fur the Hypethese {p≤p0} uber den Parameterp einer Binomialverteilung gegener the Alternative {p>P0}) ver
Abstract: Es sei {Fμ,σ(x); −∞ 0} mitFμ,σ(x)=F((x−μ)/σ)−F(x) eine standardisierte Verteilungsfunktion — die Familie der zulassigen Verteilungsfunktionen. Der (fruher eingefuhrte) verallgemeinerte nichtzentralet-Test fur die Hypothese {P≤P0} mitP:=Fμ,σ(x0) gegen die Alternative {P>P0} zum Niveau α wird mit dem entsprechenden nichtparametrischen Test (Test fur die Hypothese {p≤P0} uber den Parameterp einer Binomialverteilung gegen die Alternative {p>P0}) verglichen. Fur dent-Test wird die „relative asymptotische Effizienz” bestimmt.
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: In this paper, Sodann et al. describe the Kreditbeziehungen in a Volkswirtschaft and the mit ihrer Entstehung, Umschichtung, and Tilgung verbundenen Finanztransaktionen, den Produktions-, Einkommens- und Vermogensanderungskonten dargestellte Einnahmen-Ausgaben-Rechnung wird somit hier durch die Wiedergabe der Vorgange in den Kreditanderung
Abstract: Gegenstand dieses Kapitels sind die Kreditbeziehungen in einer Volkswirtschaft und die mit ihrer Entstehung, Umschichtung und Tilgung verbundenen Finanztransaktionen. Die im dritten Kapitel in den Produktions-, Einkommens- und Vermogensanderungskonten dargestellte Einnahmen-Ausgaben-Rechnung wird somit hier durch die Wiedergabe der Vorgange in den Kreditanderungskonten vervollstandigt. Besonders berucksichtigt werden zunachst diejenigen Kreditbeziehungen, die fur ihre Glaubiger Geld oder geldnahe Forderungen darstellen. Nach einer Ubersicht uber Geldarten in der heutigen Volkswirtschaft und ihre wichtigsten Eigenschaften werden Geldgesamtheiten und ihre statistische Erfassung diskutiert. Sodann wird gezeigt, durch welche Transaktionen Geld geschaffen und getilgt wird und auf welche Weise die Ergebnisse dieses Prozesses in einer Volkswirtschaft wahrend eines Zeitraums erfast werden. Teil III zeigt die Gesamtrechnungen zur Darstellung des volkswirtschaftlichen Kreditnetzes in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und seiner Anderungen. Im letzten Teil wird mit dem Finanzsektor der Bundesrepublik die institutionelle Grundlage ihres Geld- und Kreditwesens beschrieben.