Showing papers by "University of Mannheim published in 2015"
Mohammad H. Forouzanfar1, Lily Alexander, H. Ross Anderson, Victoria F Bachman1 +733 more•Institutions (289)
TL;DR: The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) as discussed by the authors provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution.
5,668 citations
TL;DR: An overview of the DBpedia community project is given, including its architecture, technical implementation, maintenance, internationalisation, usage statistics and applications, including DBpedia one of the central interlinking hubs in the Linked Open Data (LOD) cloud.
Abstract: The DBpedia community project extracts structured, multilingual knowledge from Wikipedia and makes it freely available on the Web using Semantic Web and Linked Data technologies. The project extracts knowledge from 111 different language editions of Wikipedia. The largest DBpedia knowledge base which is extracted from the English edition of Wikipedia consists of over 400 million facts that describe 3.7 million things. The DBpedia knowledge bases that are extracted from the other 110 Wikipedia editions together consist of 1.46 billion facts and describe 10 million additional things. The DBpedia project maps Wikipedia infoboxes from 27 different language editions to a single shared ontology consisting of 320 classes and 1,650 properties. The mappings are created via a world-wide crowd-sourcing effort and enable knowledge from the different Wikipedia editions to be combined. The project publishes releases of all DBpedia knowledge bases for download and provides SPARQL query access to 14 out of the 111 language editions via a global network of local DBpedia chapters. In addition to the regular releases, the project maintains a live knowledge base which is updated whenever a page in Wikipedia changes. DBpedia sets 27 million RDF links pointing into over 30 external data sources and thus enables data from these sources to be used together with DBpedia data. Several hundred data sets on the Web publish RDF links pointing to DBpedia themselves and make DBpedia one of the central interlinking hubs in the Linked Open Data (LOD) cloud. In this system report, we give an overview of the DBpedia community project, including its architecture, technical implementation, maintenance, internationalisation, usage statistics and applications.
2,856 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present empirical evidence on psychological detachment from work during non-work time, which refers to refraining from job-related activities and thoughts during nonwork time; it implies to mentally disengage from one's job while being away from work.
Abstract: Summary
This paper reviews empirical evidence on psychological detachment from work during nonwork time. Psychological detachment as a core recovery experience refers to refraining from job-related activities and thoughts during nonwork time; it implies to mentally disengage from one's job while being away from work. Using the stressor-detachment model as an organizing framework, we describe findings from between-person and within-person studies, relying on cross-sectional, longitudinal, and daily-diary designs. Overall, research shows that job stressors, particularly workload, predict low levels of psychological detachment. A lack of detachment in turn predicts high strain levels and poor individual well-being (e.g., burnout and lower life satisfaction). Psychological detachment seems to be both a mediator and a moderator in the relationship between job stressors on the one hand and strain and poor well-being on the other hand. We propose possible extensions of the stressor-detachment model by suggesting moderator variables grounded in the transactional stress model. We further discuss avenues for future research and offer practical implications. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
707 citations
TL;DR: The present meta-analysis finds an overall magnitude of the relationship between self-compassion and well-being of r = .47, and the relationship was stronger for cognitive and psychologicalWell-being compared to affective well- Being.
Abstract: Background
Self-compassion describes a positive and caring attitude of a person toward her- or himself in the face of failures and individual shortcomings. As a result of this caring attitude, individuals high in self-compassion are assumed to experience higher individual well-being. The present meta-analysis examines the relationship between self-compassion and different forms of well-being.
Method
The authors combined k = 79 samples, with an overall sample size of N = 16,416, and analyzed the central tendencies of effect sizes (Pearson correlation coefficients) with a random-effect model.
Results
We found an overall magnitude of the relationship between self-compassion and well-being of r = .47. The relationship was stronger for cognitive and psychological well-being compared to affective well-being. Sample characteristics and self-esteem were tested as potential moderators. In addition, a subsample of studies indicated a causal effect of self-compassion on well-being.
Conclusions
The results clearly highlight the importance of self-compassion for individuals’ well-being. Future research should further investigate the relationship between self-compassion and the different forms of well-being, and focus on the examination of possible additional moderators.
622 citations
TL;DR: The crucial role of perception on eliciting emotional reactions is highlighted, and the role of arousal as a basic dimension of emotional experience is discussed, suggesting an interoceptive attribution model of presence as a first step toward an integrative framework for emotion research in VR.
Abstract: Virtual reality (VR) has made its way into mainstream psychological research in the last two decades. This technology, with its unique ability to simulate complex, real situations and contexts, offers researchers unprecedented opportunities to investigate human behavior in well controlled designs in the laboratory. One important application of VR is the investigation of pathological processes in mental disorders, especially anxiety disorders. Research on the processes underlying threat perception, fear, and exposure therapy has shed light on more general aspects of the relation between perception and emotion. Being by its nature virtual, i.e., simulation of reality, VR strongly relies on the adequate selection of specific perceptual cues to activate emotions. Emotional experiences in turn are related to presence, another important concept in VR, which describes the user's sense of being in a VR environment. This paper summarizes current research into perception of fear cues, emotion, and presence, aiming at the identification of the most relevant aspects of emotional experience in VR and their mutual relations. A special focus lies on a series of recent experiments designed to test the relative contribution of perception and conceptual information on fear in VR. This strand of research capitalizes on the dissociation between perception (bottom-up input) and conceptual information (top-down input) that is possible in VR. Further, we review the factors that have so far been recognized to influence presence, with emotions (e.g., fear) being the most relevant in the context of clinical psychology. Recent research has highlighted the mutual influence of presence and fear in VR, but has also traced the limits of our current understanding of this relationship. In this paper, the crucial role of perception on eliciting emotional reactions is highlighted, and the role of arousal as a basic dimension of emotional experience is discussed. An interoceptive attribution model of presence is suggested as a first step toward an integrative framework for emotion research in VR. Gaps in the current literature and future directions are outlined.
574 citations
TL;DR: This study indicates that an SI increase in the DN and GP on T1-weighted images is caused by serial application of the linear GBCA gadopentetate dimeglumine but not by the macrocyclic GBCAs gadoterate meglumines.
Abstract: In this study, we found increased signal intensity (SI) in the dentate nucleus and globus pallidus on unenhanced T1-weighted images after serial applications of the linear gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) gadopentetate dimeglumine, while no significant SI increase could be demonstrated for the macrocyclic GBCA gadoterate meglumine.
516 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a multidimensional conceptualization of upstream supply chain complexity has been proposed to predict the frequency of supply chain disruptions based on a multi-dimensional conceptualisation of upstream complexity.
428 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparative content analysis of tweets sent during the heydays of each of the three protest campaigns is conducted, showing that, although Twitter was used significantly for political discussion and to communicate protest information, calls for participation were not predominant.
Abstract: The extensive use of social media for protest purposes was a distinctive feature of the recent protest events in Spain, Greece, and the United States. Like the Occupy Wall Street protesters in the United States, the indignant activists of Spain and Greece protested against unjust, unequal, and corrupt political and economic institutions marked by the arrogance of those in power. Social media can potentially change or contribute to the political communication, mobilization, and organization of social movements. To what extent did these three movements use social media in such ways? To answer this question a comparative content analysis of tweets sent during the heydays of each of the campaigns is conducted. The results indicate that, although Twitter was used significantly for political discussion and to communicate protest information, calls for participation were not predominant. Only a very small minority of tweets referred to protest organization and coordination issues. Furthermore, comparing the actual content of the Twitter information exchanges reveals similarities as well as differences among the three movements, which can be explained by the different national contexts.
329 citations
TL;DR: A taxonomy of self-adaptation and a survey on engineering SASs are presented and a new perspective on SAS including context adaptation is motivated.
323 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors define product design and its dimensions and investigate the impact of these design dimensions on purchase intention, word of mouth, and willingness to pay, finding that the design dimensions positively influence willingness to buy and also have a positive effect on product intention and word-of-mouth.
Abstract: Product design is a source of competitive advantage for companies and is an important driver of company performance. Drawing on an extensive literature review and consumer interviews, the authors define product design and its dimensions. Using data from three samples (6,418 U.S. consumers and 1,083 and 583 European consumers), the authors develop and validate a new scale to measure product design along the dimensions of aesthetics, functionality, and symbolism. In addition, they investigate the impact of these design dimensions on purchase intention, word of mouth, and willingness to pay. The results indicate that the design dimensions positively influence willingness to pay and also have a positive effect on purchase intention and word of mouth, both directly and indirectly through brand attitude.
309 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a description of the crowdfunding sector, considering investment-based crowdfunding platforms as well as platforms in which funders do not obtain monetary payments, and explore the economic forces at play that can explain the design of these platforms.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an alternative model that assumes that each individual has a subjective belief about the impact of her search effort on the job offer arrival rate and find evidence that individuals with an internal locus of control search more and that individuals who believe that their future outcomes are determined by external factors have lower reservation wages.
Abstract: Standard job search theory assumes that unemployed individuals have perfect information about the effect of their search effort on the job offer arrival rate. We present an alternative model that assumes that each individual has a subjective belief about the impact of her search effort on the job arrival. These beliefs depend in part on an individual's locus of control. We estimate the impact of locus of control on job search behavior using a data set of newly unemployed individuals in Germany. Consistent with our theoretical predictions, we find evidence that individuals with an internal locus of control search more and that individuals who believe that their future outcomes are determined by external factors have lower reservation wages.
TL;DR: This paper investigates the following research question: Which principles constitute a user-centered agile software development approach and identifies generic principles of UCASD and associating them with specific practices and processes.
Abstract: ContextIn the last decade, software development has been characterized by two major approaches: agile software development, which aims to achieve increased velocity and flexibility during the development process, and user-centered design, which places the goals and needs of the system's end-users at the center of software development in order to deliver software with appropriate usability. Hybrid development models, referred to as user-centered agile software development (UCASD) in this article, propose to combine the merits of both approaches in order to design software that is both useful and usable. ObjectiveThis paper aims to capture the current state of the art in UCASD approaches and to derive generic principles from these approaches. More specifically, we investigate the following research question: Which principles constitute a user-centered agile software development approach? MethodWe conduct a systematic review of the literature on UCASD. Identified works are analyzed using a coding scheme that differentiates four levels of UCASD: the process, practices, people/social and technology dimensions. Through subsequent synthesis, we derive generic principles of UCASD. ResultsWe identified and analyzed 83 relevant publications. The analysis resulted in a comprehensive coding system and five principles for UCASD: (1) separate product discovery and product creation, (2) iterative and incremental design and development, (3) parallel interwoven creation tracks, (4) continuous stakeholder involvement, and (5) artifact-mediated communication. ConclusionOur paper contributes to the software development body of knowledge by (1) providing a broad overview of existing works in the area of UCASD, (2) deriving an analysis framework (in form a coding system) for works in this area, going beyond former classifications, and (3) identifying generic principles of UCASD and associating them with specific practices and processes.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe well-being as a dynamic construct that changes over time and fluctuates within a person, and address the role of job stressors, job resources, interpersonal environment, personal resources, the work-home interface, and performance.
Abstract: Well-being refers to a person’s hedonic experience of feeling good and to the eudaimonic experience of fulfillment and purpose. Employee well-being is influenced by experiences at work and, in turn, has an effect on behavior at work such as task performance and other on-the-job behaviors. In this article, I describe well-being as a dynamic construct that changes over time and fluctuates within a person. I review and integrate longitudinal, experience-sampling, and related research on well-being change and variability. I address the role of job stressors, job resources, the interpersonal environment, personal resources, the work–home interface, and performance. I discuss questions of affect symmetry, homology of the between-person and within-person level, and reciprocity between well-being and other variables. The article concludes with suggestions for future research.
École normale supérieure de Cachan1, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich2, Brigham and Women's Hospital3, Odense University Hospital4, Medical University of Vienna5, University of Salamanca6, University Medical Center Groningen7, Paris Descartes University8, Aix-Marseille University9, University of Cologne10, Stanford University11, University of Southampton12, University of Mannheim13, University of Salerno14, National Institutes of Health15
TL;DR: A consensus is proposed on methodologies used to detect KIT mutations in patients with mastocytosis at diagnosis and during follow-up with sufficient precision and sensitivity in daily practice to lead to a more effective screen, early diagnosis of SM and help to avoid unnecessary referrals.
Abstract: Although acquired mutations in KIT are commonly detected in various categories of mastocytosis, the methodologies applied to detect and quantify the mutant type and allele burden in various cells and tissues are poorly defined. We here propose a consensus on methodologies used to detect KIT mutations in patients with mastocytosis at diagnosis and during follow-up with sufficient precision and sensitivity in daily practice. In addition, we provide recommendations for sampling and storage of diagnostic material as well as a robust diagnostic algorithm. Using highly sensitive assays, KIT D816V can be detected in peripheral blood leukocytes from most patients with systemic mastocytosis (SM) that is a major step forward in screening and SM diagnosis. In addition, the KIT D816V allele burden can be followed quantitatively during the natural course or during therapy. Our recommendations should greatly facilitate diagnostic and follow-up investigations in SM in daily practice as well as in clinical trials. In addition, the new tools and algorithms proposed should lead to a more effective screen, early diagnosis of SM and help to avoid unnecessary referrals.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the influence of marketing departments and found that the marketing department has lost significant influence and the sales department has benefited from this loss of influence, rather than the finance department, as one might assume.
Abstract: Although research and managerial practice have demonstrated great interest in the role of marketing departments within firms and have raised repeated concerns that their influence is in sharp decline, prior research has not analyzed whether marketing departments are truly losing ground. To do so, we build on the work of Homburg et al. (1999), which assessed the influence of the marketing department two decades ago. Drawing on structurally equivalent data, the results demonstrate that the marketing department has indeed lost significant influence. Additionally, we analyze which department has benefited from this loss of influence. Interestingly, it is the sales department that has gained influence, rather than the finance department, as one might assume. We also study the performance consequences of the intraorganizational distribution of influence among the marketing, sales, R&D, operations, and finance departments. Our results are alarming because an influential marketing department makes the greatest contribution to company performance.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss how and to what extent practitioners use the scientific results of management studies and how they apply them to their daily work. But, they do not discuss how they use them in practice.
Abstract: How and to what extent practitioners use the scientific results of management studies is of great concern to management scholars and has given rise to a considerable body of literature. In this pap...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a description of the crowdfunding sector, considering investment-based crowdfunding platforms as well as platforms in which funders do not obtain monetary payments, and explore the economic forces at play that can explain the design of these platforms.
Abstract: This paper provides a description of the crowdfunding sector, considering investment- based crowdfunding platforms as well as platforms in which funders do not obtain monetary payments. It lays out key features of this quickly developing sector and explores the economic forces at play that can explain the design of these platforms. In particular, it elaborates on cross-group and within-group external effects and asymmetric information on crowdfunding platforms.
TL;DR: This study did not find signal increases in the DN or in the GP after serial injections of gadobutrol, adding further support to the hypothesis that the molecular structure of a gadolinium-based contrast agent as either macrocyclic or linear is a crucial factor for its potential to cause Gadolinium deposition in the brain.
Abstract: ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare changes in the signal intensity (SI) ratio of the dentate nucleus (DN) to the pons, DN to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and globus pallidus (GP) to thalamus on unenhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans after serial injections of the macr
TL;DR: This paper introduced the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR-16) to assess social desirability when time is limited, which incorporates Self-Deceptive Enhancement (honest but overly positive responding) and Impression Management (bias toward pleasing others).
Abstract: Self-report studies often call for assessment of socially desirable responding. Many researchers use the Marlowe–Crowne Scale for its brief versions; however, this scale is outdated, and contemporary models of social desirability emphasize its multi-dimensional nature. The 40-item Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR) incorporates Self-Deceptive Enhancement (honest but overly positive responding) and Impression Management (bias toward pleasing others). However, its length limits its practicality. This article introduces the BIDR-16. In four studies, we shorten the BIDR from 40 items to 16 items, while retaining its two-factor structure, reliability, and validity. This short form will be invaluable to researchers wanting to assess social desirability when time is limited.
13 Jul 2015
TL;DR: This paper presents the T2D gold standard for measuring and comparing the performance of HTML table to knowledge base matching systems, and shows that T2K Match discovers table-to-class correspondences with a precision of 94%, row/columns and entities/schema elements of the knowledge base need to be found.
Abstract: Millions of HTML tables containing structured data can be found on the Web. With their wide coverage, these tables are potentially very useful for filling missing values and extending cross-domain knowledge bases such as DBpedia, YAGO, or the Google Knowledge Graph. As a prerequisite for being able to use table data for knowledge base extension, the HTML tables need to be matched with the knowledge base, meaning that correspondences between table rows/columns and entities/schema elements of the knowledge base need to be found. This paper presents the T2D gold standard for measuring and comparing the performance of HTML table to knowledge base matching systems. T2D consists of 8 700 schema-level and 26 100 entity-level correspondences between the WebDataCommons Web Tables Corpus and the DBpedia knowledge base. In contrast related work on HTML table to knowledge base matching, the Web Tables Corpus (147 million tables), the knowledge base, as well as the gold standard are publicly available. The gold standard is used afterward to evaluate the performance of T2K Match, an iterative matching method which combines schema and instance matching. T2K Match is designed for the use case of matching large quantities of mostly small and narrow HTML tables against large cross-domain knowledge bases. The evaluation using the T2D gold standard shows that T2K Match discovers table-to-class correspondences with a precision of 94%, row-to-entity correspondences with a precision of 90%, and column-to-property correspondences with a precision of 77%.
TL;DR: In this paper, the silver bullet for the youth joblessness problem is viewed as the VET, which is the silver-bullet solution for the problem of youth unemployment in the US.
Abstract: Young people have been among those most affected by the recent financial crisis. Vocational education and training (VET) is often viewed as the silver bullet for the youth joblessness problem. In t...
24 Aug 2015
TL;DR: Ripple is a payment system and a digital currency which evolved completely independently of Bitcoin and holds the second highest market cap after Bitcoin.
Abstract: Ripple is a payment system and a digital currency which evolved completely independently of Bitcoin. Although Ripple holds the second highest market cap after Bitcoin, there are surprisingly no studies which analyze the provisions of Ripple.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the simultaneous effects of brand equity and human capital on firm value and showed that both resources create relatively more value in a service setting than a manufacturing setting.
Abstract: Research and managerial practice generally contend that human capital and brand equity
constitute a company’s most valuable resources. Relying on similar underlying theoretical
rationales, research on the value relevance of these two resources has developed in different
disciplines. Combining diverse data sources, the authors examine the simultaneous effects of
brand equity and human capital on firm value. In addition, they consider how much the effects
of these two resources differ between services and manufacturing. Results provide evidence for
a complementary relationship between human capital and brand equity and show that both
resources create relatively more value in a service setting.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the processes underlying the relationship between transformational leadership and employee creativity, and they hypothesized that promotion focus mediates the relationship of transformational leaders and creativity.
Abstract: Purpose
The paper aims at investigating the processes underlying the relationship between transformational leadership and employee creativity. We hypothesized that promotion focus mediates the relationship between transformational leadership and employee creativity and that creative process engagement mediates the relationship between promotion focus and employee creativity.
TL;DR: The present study found an increase in SI in the DN after serial injections of gadobenate dimeglumine, and further studies are needed to clarify the potential of different linear gadolinium-based contrast agents to cause SI increase in theDN.
Abstract: ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare changes in signal intensity (SI) ratios of the dentate nucleus (DN) to pons and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) on unenhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans between the first and last MRI using the linear gadolinium-based contrast agent ga
TL;DR: This article examined how consumers react to firms' active participation in consumer-to-consumer conversations in an online community setting and found that consumers show diminishing returns to active firm engagement, which, at very high levels, can undermine consumer sentiment.
Abstract: As social media and virtual communities increase in popularity, the spread of word of mouth becomes easier, challenging firms to measure and manage the success of marketing initiatives in online community environments. This research examines how consumers react to firms' active participation in consumer-to-consumer conversations in an online community setting. The authors develop a tailored community-matched measure of consumer reaction (consumer sentiment) and analyze more than 115,000 consumer posts from ten online forums with active firm participation. The results indicate that consumers show diminishing returns to active firm engagement, which, at very high levels, can undermine consumer sentiment. Further subgroup analyses by conversation type indicate that these relationships hold for conversations that address consumers' functional needs but do not hold for conversations that address social needs. Finally, the results show diminishing returns to firm engagement for consumers primarily interested in...
TL;DR: TIMP‐1 is identified as an essential promoter of hepatic premetastatic niche formation and both inhibition of SDF‐1‐mediated neutrophil recruitment and systemic depletion of neutrophils reduced TIMP‐ 1‐induced increased liver susceptibility towards metastasis.
TL;DR: In this article, a probability-based longitudinal online survey of individuals aged 16-75 in Germany is presented, which is recruited face-to-face and representative of both the online and the offline population.
Abstract: This article looks into the processes and outcomes of setting up and maintaining a probability-based longitudinal online survey, which is recruited face-to-face and representative of both the online and the offline population aged 16–75 in Germany. This German Internet Panel studies political and economic attitudes and reform preferences through bimonthly longitudinal online interviews of individuals. The results presented here demonstrate that a carefully designed and implemented online panel can produce highquality data at lower marginal costs than existing panels that operate solely in a face-to-face mode. Analyses into the representativeness of the online sample showed no major coverage or nonresponse biases. Finally, including offline households in the panel is important as it improves the representation of the older and female segments of the population.
TL;DR: The conceptualization and measurement of political participation has been an issue vibrantly debated for more than 50 years as mentioned in this paper, and the arrival of digital media came to add important parameters to the deb...
Abstract: The conceptualization and measurement of political participation has been an issue vibrantly debated for more than 50 years. The arrival of digital media came to add important parameters to the deb...