University of Mannheim

About: University of Mannheim is a education organization based out in Mannheim, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & European union. The organization has 4448 authors who have published 12918 publications receiving 446557 citations. The organization is also known as: Uni Mannheim & UMA.

A closer look beneath the surface : Various facets of the think-manager-think-male stereotype

Abstract: Previous research has indicated that successful managers are perceived as possessing characteristics that belong to a global masculine stereotype. This study was designed to compare the gender-stereotypical perception of leadership by investigating global and leadership-specific gender stereotypes and contrasting self-perception and the perceptionby others. Descriptive and prescriptive norms were analyzed and abilities studied in a leadership context. The sample consists of 215 management students, and the results indicate an impact of gender stereotypes on the perception of leadership by women and men. Ratings of the importance of leadership characteristics yielded a less gender-stereotypic view, especially by female participants. In their self-evaluations women and men did not differ in the degree in which they possess person- and task-oriented skills. They also did not differ in their ratings of the importance of possessing these skills themselves. Finally, women reported that they possess task-oriented abilities more seldom than such abilities were attributed to leaders-in-general.

How does liquidity affect government bond yields

Abstract: The paper explores the determinants of yield differentials between sovereign bonds, using euro-area data. There is a common trend in yield differentials, which is correlated with a measure of aggregate risk. In contrast, liquidity differentials display sizeable heterogeneity and no common factor. We propose a simple model with endogenous liquidity demand, where a bond’s liquidity premium depends both on its transaction cost and on investment opportunities. The model predicts that yield differentials should increase in both liquidity and risk, with an interaction term of the opposite sign. Testing these predictions on daily data, we find that the aggregate risk factor is consistently priced, liquidity differentials are priced for a subset of countries, and their interaction with the risk factor is in line with the model’s prediction and crucial to detect their effect.

Operator Splittings, Bregman Methods and Frame Shrinkage in Image Processing

Abstract: We examine the underlying structure of popular algorithms for variational methods used in image processing. We focus here on operator splittings and Bregman methods based on a unified approach via fixed point iterations and averaged operators. In particular, the recently proposed alternating split Bregman method can be interpreted from different points of view--as a Bregman, as an augmented Lagrangian and as a Douglas-Rachford splitting algorithm which is a classical operator splitting method. We also study similarities between this method and the forward-backward splitting method when applied to two frequently used models for image denoising which employ a Besov-norm and a total variation regularization term, respectively. In the first setting, we show that for a discretization based on Parseval frames the gradient descent reprojection and the alternating split Bregman algorithm are equivalent and turn out to be a frame shrinkage method. For the total variation regularizer, we also present a numerical comparison with multistep methods.

The Rise of the East and the Far East: German Labor Markets and Trade Integration

Abstract: We analyze the effects of the unprecedented rise in trade between Germany and “the East” ‐ China and Eastern Europe ‐ in the period 1988‐2008 on German local labor markets. Using detailed administrative data, we exploit the cross-regional variation in initial industry structures and use trade flows of other high-income countries as instruments for regional import and export exposure. We find that the rise of “the East” in the world economy caused substantial job losses in German regions specialized in import-competing industries, both in manufacturing and beyond. Regions specialized in export-oriented industries, however, experienced even stronger employment gains and lower unemployment. In the aggregate, we estimate that this trade integration has caused some 493,000 additional jobs in the economy and contributed to retaining the manufacturing sector in Germany. We also conduct our analysis at the individual worker level, and find that trade had a stabilizing overall effect on employment relationships.