University of Maryland, Baltimore County

About: University of Maryland, Baltimore County is a education organization based out in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Aerosol. The organization has 8749 authors who have published 20843 publications receiving 795706 citations. The organization is also known as: UMBC.

A multi-model assessment of pollution transport to the Arctic

Abstract: We examine the response of Arctic gas and aerosol concentrations to perturbations in pollutant emissions from Europe, East and South Asia, and North America using re- sults from a coordinated model intercomparison. These sen- sitivities to regional emissions (mixing ratio change per unit emission) vary widely across models and species. Intermodel differences are systematic, however, so that the relative im- portance of different regions is robust. North America con- tributes the most to Arctic ozone pollution. For aerosols

Intergenerational Ties in Context: Grandparents Caring for Grandchildren in China

Abstract: Guided by theories and empirical research on intergenerational relationships, we examine the phenomenon of grandparents caring for grandchildren in contemporary China. Using a longitudinal dataset (China Health and Nutrition Survey), we document a high level of structural and functional solidarity in grandparent-grandchildren relationships. Intergenerational solidarity is indicated by a high rate of coresidence between grandchildren and grandparents, a sizable number of skipped-generation households (no parent present), extensive childcare involvement by non-coresidential grandparents, and a large amount of care provided by coresidential grandparents. Multivariate analysis further suggests that grandparents' childcare load is adaptive to familial needs, as reflected by the characteristics of the household, household members, and work activities of the mothers.

Components of hostility as predictors of sudden death and myocardial infarction in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial.

Abstract: We tested the hypothesis that hostility is associated with increased relative risk (RR) for coronary death and nonfatal myocardial infarction among participants in the prospective Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). Cases (N = 192) were compared with matched controls (N = 384) on a variety of behavioral characteristics associated with the Type A behavior pattern (TABP), including three different but interrelated components of hostility. Logistic regression analyses revealed that only two of the eight TABP attributes analyzed on the overall sample were significant. Only total Potential for Hostility, when dichotomized into "low" and "high" categories, and the antagonistic interpersonal component of hostility (Stylistic Hostility) had positive unadjusted associations with coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence (RR = 1.7, p = 0.003; and RR = 1.5, p = 0.016, respectively). The global TABP and related paralinguistic attributes were not significantly related to CHD incidence. After adjustment for the traditional risk factors of age, serum cholesterol, blood pressure, and cigarette smoking, only dichotomous Potential for Hostility showed a significant relative risk (RR = 1.5, p = 0.032). Ordinal logistic regression revealed a nonsignificant effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Volatile, Isotope, and Organic Analysis of Martian Fines with the Mars Curiosity Rover

Abstract: Samples from the Rocknest aeolian deposit were heated to ~835°C under helium flow and evolved gases analyzed by Curiosity's Sample Analysis at Mars instrument suite. H2O, SO2, CO2, and O2 were the major gases released. Water abundance (1.5 to 3 weight percent) and release temperature suggest that H2O is bound within an amorphous component of the sample. Decomposition of fine-grained Fe or Mg carbonate is the likely source of much of the evolved CO2. Evolved O2 is coincident with the release of Cl, suggesting that oxygen is produced from thermal decomposition of an oxychloride compound. Elevated δD values are consistent with recent atmospheric exchange. Carbon isotopes indicate multiple carbon sources in the fines. Several simple organic compounds were detected, but they are not definitively martian in origin.

The Rising Tide of Antimicrobial Resistance in Aquaculture: Sources, Sinks and Solutions.

Abstract: As the human population increases there is an increasing reliance on aquaculture to supply a safe, reliable, and economic supply of food Although food production is essential for a healthy population, an increasing threat to global human health is antimicrobial resistance Extensive antibiotic resistant strains are now being detected; the spread of these strains could greatly reduce medical treatment options available and increase deaths from previously curable infections Antibiotic resistance is widespread due in part to clinical overuse and misuse; however, the natural processes of horizontal gene transfer and mutation events that allow genetic exchange within microbial populations have been ongoing since ancient times By their nature, aquaculture systems contain high numbers of diverse bacteria, which exist in combination with the current and past use of antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, and other treatment regimens—singularly or in combination These systems have been designated as “genetic hotspots” for gene transfer As our reliance on aquaculture grows, it is essential that we identify the sources and sinks of antimicrobial resistance, and monitor and analyse the transfer of antimicrobial resistance between the microbial community, the environment, and the farmed product, in order to better understand the implications to human and environmental health