scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Institution

University of Maryland, Baltimore County

EducationBaltimore, Maryland, United States
About: University of Maryland, Baltimore County is a education organization based out in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Aerosol. The organization has 8749 authors who have published 20843 publications receiving 795706 citations. The organization is also known as: UMBC.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors define the term e-government, discuss the literature of local-Ievel eGovernment, and document the adoption and sophistication of eGovernment among U.S. local governments.
Abstract: Much like businesses with electronic commerce, public organizations are beginning to embrace electronic government (e-government). This article defines the term e-government, discusses the literature oflocal-Ievel e-government, and documents the adoption and sophistication of e-government among U.S. local governments. It employs data from a survey conducted in 2000 to examine local adoption of e-government. E-government adoption among local governments generally tracks previously documented patterns of information technology adoption, which show a statistically significant relationship between adoption and such demographic variables as population size, form and type of government, region, and metro status. The article compares the results of that survey to a normative model of e-government maturity and finds that the emergence of e-government at the local level is still in its formative stages. The analysis also examines perceived impacts from e-govemment, sophistication of e-government offerings, barrier...

309 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Ultraviolet and x-ray observations of a binary neutron star merger show a hot kilonova but no jet along the line of sight, which avoids both obscuration from the heaviest elements in the orbital plane and a direct view of any ultrarelativistic, highly collimated ejecta.
Abstract: With the first direct detection of merging black holes in 2015, the era of gravitational wave (GW) astrophysics began. A complete picture of compact object mergers, however, requires the detection of an electromagnetic (EM) counterpart. We report ultraviolet (UV) and X-ray observations by Swift and the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope ARray (NuSTAR) of the EM counterpart of the binary neutron star merger GW170817. The bright, rapidly fading ultraviolet emission indicates a high mass ($\approx0.03$ solar masses) wind-driven outflow with moderate electron fraction ($Y_{e}\approx0.27$). Combined with the X-ray limits, we favor an observer viewing angle of $\approx 30^{\circ}$ away from the orbital rotation axis, which avoids both obscuration from the heaviest elements in the orbital plane and a direct view of any ultra-relativistic, highly collimated ejecta (a gamma-ray burst afterglow).

308 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2012-Sleep
TL;DR: Both new actigraph brands were found to have good sensitivity, but poorer specificity (to detect wake), suggesting the need for caution when comparing results across studies that use different brands of actigraphic devices.
Abstract: Study objectives To evaluate the validity and reliability of 2 new models of commercially available actigraphs compared to polysomnography for children and adolescents. Design and setting Subjects concurrently wore the Ambulatory Monitoring Inc. Motionlogger Sleep Watch (AMI) and the Phillips Respironics Mini-Mitter Actiwatch-2 (PRMM) while undergoing overnight polysomnography (PSG) in a pediatric sleep laboratory housed in a tertiary care children's hospital. Participants 115 youth (59 girls, 56 boys), ages 3-18 years (mean 8.8 years, SD 4.4 years). Measurements Outcome variables were total sleep time (TST), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and sleep efficiency (SE). Epoch-by-epoch comparisons were made between the 2 devices and PSG to determine sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Agreement between the 2 devices was determined with t-tests and the Bland-Altman concordance technique. Different algorithms/sensitivities, developmental age groups, and sleep disordered breathing (SDB) status were also examined. Results For both device brands, sensitivity (0.89-0.97), specificity (0.54-0.77), and accuracy (0.87-0.90) were similar to previous reports. Notably, compared to PSG, both device brands significantly overestimated WASO, while the AMI device also significantly underestimated TST. Inter-device comparison of the 2 brands found poor agreement for TST, WASO, and SE. Agreement with PSG differed depending on the scoring algorithm (AMI) or sensitivity setting (PRMM), as well as across developmental age group and sleep disordered breathing (SDB) status. Conclusions Similar to previous reports, both new actigraph brands were found to have good sensitivity (to detect sleep), but poorer specificity (to detect wake). Study results also suggest that researchers should adjust the scoring algorithm/sensitivity depending on a study's design (e.g., young children vs. adolescents, healthy children vs. youth with SDB). Further, inter-device reliability was poor, suggesting the need for caution when comparing results across studies that use different brands of actigraphic devices.

308 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: ICA has recently demonstrated considerable promise in characterizing functional magnetic resonance imaging data, primarily due to its intuitive nature and ability for flexible characterization of the brain function.
Abstract: Independent component analysis (ICA) is a statistical method used to discover hidden factors (sources or features) from a set of measurements or observed data such that the sources are maximally independent. Typically, it assumes a generative model where observations are assumed to be linear mixtures of independent sources and works with higher-order statistics to achieve independence. ICA has recently demonstrated considerable promise in characterizing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, primarily due to its intuitive nature and ability for flexible characterization of the brain function. In this article, ICA is introduced and its application to fMRI data analysis is reviewed.

307 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper reviews and synthesizes the current state of knowledge on the acidity of atmospheric condensed phases, specifically particles and cloud droplets, including recommendations for estimating acidity and pH, standard nomenclature, a synthesis of current pH estimates based on observations, and new model calculations on the local and global scale.
Abstract: . Acidity, defined as pH, is a central component of aqueous chemistry. In the atmosphere, the acidity of condensed phases (aerosol particles, cloud water, and fog droplets) governs the phase partitioning of semivolatile gases such as HNO3 , NH3 , HCl, and organic acids and bases as well as chemical reaction rates. It has implications for the atmospheric lifetime of pollutants, deposition, and human health. Despite its fundamental role in atmospheric processes, only recently has this field seen a growth in the number of studies on particle acidity. Even with this growth, many fine-particle pH estimates must be based on thermodynamic model calculations since no operational techniques exist for direct measurements. Current information indicates acidic fine particles are ubiquitous, but observationally constrained pH estimates are limited in spatial and temporal coverage. Clouds and fogs are also generally acidic, but to a lesser degree than particles, and have a range of pH that is quite sensitive to anthropogenic emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides, as well as ambient ammonia. Historical measurements indicate that cloud and fog droplet pH has changed in recent decades in response to controls on anthropogenic emissions, while the limited trend data for aerosol particles indicate acidity may be relatively constant due to the semivolatile nature of the key acids and bases and buffering in particles. This paper reviews and synthesizes the current state of knowledge on the acidity of atmospheric condensed phases, specifically particles and cloud droplets. It includes recommendations for estimating acidity and pH, standard nomenclature, a synthesis of current pH estimates based on observations, and new model calculations on the local and global scale.

305 citations


Authors

Showing all 8862 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Robert C. Gallo14582568212
Paul T. Costa13340688454
Igor V. Moskalenko13254258182
James Chiang12930860268
Alex K.-Y. Jen12892161811
Alan R. Shuldiner12055771737
Richard N. Zare120120167880
Vince D. Calhoun117123462205
Rita R. Colwell11578155229
Kendall N. Houk11299754877
Elliot K. Fishman112133549298
Yoram J. Kaufman11126359238
Paulo Artaxo10745444346
Braxton D. Mitchell10255849599
Sushil Jajodia10166435556
Network Information
Related Institutions (5)
Pennsylvania State University
196.8K papers, 8.3M citations

94% related

University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
225.1K papers, 10.1M citations

94% related

University of Washington
305.5K papers, 17.7M citations

93% related

University of California, San Diego
204.5K papers, 12.3M citations

93% related

Massachusetts Institute of Technology
268K papers, 18.2M citations

93% related

Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202371
2022165
20211,065
20201,091
2019989
2018929