Showing papers by "University of Maryland, Baltimore published in 1985"
TL;DR: The Baltimore-Washington Infant Study is a regional epidemiologic study of congenital heart disease and the data of the New England Infant Cardiac Program showed similar occurrences of major morphologic abnormalities, suggesting that these are stable basic estimates in the eastern United States.
Abstract: The Baltimore-Washington Infant Study is a regional epidemiologic study of congenital heart disease. Among Infants born in the study area in 1981 and 1982, 664 had a diagnosis of congenital heart disease confirmed in the first year of life by echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, cardiac surgery, or autopsy. The prevalence rate was 3.7/1,000 livebirths for all cases and 2.4/1,000 livebirths for cases confirmed by invasive methods only. Diagnosis-specific prevalence rates of congenital heart disease are compared with those of eight previous case series. Changing diagnostic categorizations in the time span covered and methodological differences resulted in great variation of the data. However, the data of the New England Infant Cardiac Program which used the same case discovery methods showed similar occurrences of major morphologic abnormalities, suggesting that these are stable basic estimates in the eastern United States. For all case series, the rate of confirmed congenital heart disease was approximately 4/1,000 livebirths over the 40-year time span.
940 citations
TL;DR: The findings indicate that Sm-C/IGF-I synergizes with FSH in the induction of rat granulosa cell aromatase activity at nanomolar concentrations compatible with its granULosa cell receptor binding affinity, and can be added to a growing list of growth factors known to modulate granul Rosa cell growth and function.
Abstract: A relatively large body of evidence now appears to support the existence of the essential ingredients for novel intraovarian IGF-driven control mechanisms. Indeed, evidence presented in this communication is in keeping with the possibility that the granulosa cell may be the site of IGF production, reception, and action. Although the relevance of IGFs to ovarian cell types other than the granulosa cell is largely unknown, one cannot at the present time exclude the possibility of nongranulosa cell contributions to intraovarian IGF production, reception, and action. Indeed, preliminary affinity cross-linking studies (Adashi, Resnick, Svoboda, Van Wyk and D'Ercole; unpublished data) suggest the existence of type-I and type-II receptors in nongranulosa cell compartments. The above notwithstanding, IGFs of granulosa (and possibly circulatory) origins may interact with granulosa cell autoreceptors either independently or in synergy with other granulosa cell agonists. According to this view, IGFs may act in the autocrine mode to stimulate granulosa cell replication on the one hand and promote granulosa cell differentiation on the other. Although proliferation and terminal differentiation may prove mutually exclusive under some circumstances, coexistence of the two processes is being increasingly recognized. In this context, some studies of porcine granulosa cells support a dual role for IGFs in granulosa cell ontogeny. As such, the IGFs can be added to a growing list of growth factors known to modulate granulosa cell growth and function, including EGF, PDGF, and FGF. Our findings indicate that Sm-C/IGF-I synergizes with FSH in the induction of rat granulosa cell aromatase activity at nanomolar concentrations compatible with its granulosa cell receptor binding affinity (thus far studied only in porcine cells. A role for Sm-C/IGF-I in the regulation of this key granulosa cell function would be in keeping with the possibility that Sm-C/IGF-I may partake in the assertion and maintenance of dominance by the selected follicle(s) or in promoting juvenile and early follicular development. Moreover, the ability of Sm-C/IGF-I to potentiate this and other FSH-driven ovarian functions may also account, at least in part, for the puberty-promoting effect of growth hormone. This permissive action of growth hormone has been initially suggested by observation in growth hormone-deficient rats, mice (dwarf mutants, and humans (sporadic, hereditary or acquired growth hormone deficiency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
905 citations
TL;DR: HRP enters the neuraxis along the intraparenchymal microvasculature far more rapidly than can be explained on this basis, and it is postulate that a fluid circulation through the CNS occurs via paravascular pathways.
669 citations
TL;DR: Diarrhea was caused by 10(8) or 10(10) organisms of an O114:H2 class II EPEC strain in six of 11 volunteers, confirmed that class IIEPEC are pathogenic by a mechanism not involving Hep-2 adhesiveness.
Abstract: Isolates of the most common O serogroups of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) associated with infant diarrhea (designated class I) adhere to Hep-2 cells; the genes for this adhesin, termed EPEC adherence factor (EAF), are located on plasmids 50-70 MDa in size. Volunteers ingested 10(10) organisms of an O127:H6 Hep-2-adhesive class I strain (E2348/69) or its plasmid-minus, nonadhesive derivative. Diarrhea occurred in nine of 10 volunteers who ingested the parent strain (mean, 1,178 ml) but in only two of nine who took the plasmid-minus variant (mean, 433 ml; P less than .006). All volunteers ill from strain E2348/69 mounted serum IgA and IgG responses to a 94-kDa plasmid-associated outer membrane protein of E2348/69; this protein was found in other class I EPEC but not in enterotoxigenic or meningitic strains. The 50-70-MDa EAF plasmid seems necessary for full expression of pathogenicity in EPEC that exhibit Hep-2 adhesiveness. EPEC isolates of certain other, less common, O serogroups (O44, O86, and O114) are rarely Hep-2 adhesive. These EPEC, designated class II, possess distinct 50-70 MDa plasmids lacking EAF genes. Diarrhea was caused by 10(8) or 10(10) organisms of an O114:H2 class II EPEC strain (mean, 1,156 ml) in six of 11 volunteers. This result confirmed that class II EPEC are pathogenic by a mechanism not involving Hep-2 adhesiveness.
467 citations
TL;DR: Cases have again been reported in the United States and cholera is now apparently endemic along the U.S. Gulf Coast and vibrio species other than Vibrio cholerae have been found.
Abstract: CHOLERA is no stranger to the United States. Cases were identified in this country during four of the seven worldwide cholera pandemics that have occurred since 1817: over 150,000 Americans died in 1832 and 1849 when the protracted second cholera pandemic twice visited the United States; 50,000 died in 1866 during the fourth pandemic; and cases were reported in New York and Massachusetts in 1911, during the sixth pandemic.1 2 3 Within the past decade cases have again been reported in the United States,4 5 6 7 and cholera is now apparently endemic along the U.S. Gulf Coast.6 Vibrio species other than Vibrio cholerae have . . .
440 citations
TL;DR: Despite normal performance on a large battery of lexical/semantic tasks, the patient shows a consistent and striking disability in naming members of the semantic categories of ‘fruits’ and ‘vegetables’, which supports a category-specific organization of the mental lexicon and suggests independence of the processing routes involving naming and name recognition.
Abstract: Studies aimed at characterizing the operation of cognitive functions in normal individuals have examined data from patients with focal cerebral insult These studies assume that brain damage impairs functions of the cognitive processes along lines that honour the 'normal' pre-morbid organization of the cognitive system For example, detailed study of individual brain-damaged patients has revealed apparently selective disruption of cognitive functions such as auditory/verbal working memory, phonological processing ability, grapheme-to-phoneme translation procedures and semantic processing Warrington et al have studied patients with even more fine-grained selective disturbances of the semantic system The most selective deficits have been reported for four patients who were significantly better at identifying inanimate objects than they were at identifying living things and foods These patterns of selective deficit after localized brain damage provide important information about the normal organization of the lexicon, and ultimately about how components of the lexical system are related to particular neural substrates Here, we report a case study of a patient demonstrating a very selective disturbance of the ability to name items from two related semantic categories Despite normal performance on a large battery of lexical/semantic tasks, the patient shows a consistent and striking disability in naming members of the semantic categories of 'fruits' and 'vegetables' The selectivity of this deficit supports a category-specific organization of the mental lexicon, and suggests independence of the processing routes involving naming and name recognition
439 citations
TL;DR: A DNA probe to detect genes conferring localized adherence of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to Hep-2 cells was evaluated by using E. coli isolates from the stools of Peruvian infants with and without diarrhea and revealed that Hep- 2 adherence was more frequent in some O serogroups of EPEC than in others.
Abstract: A DNA probe to detect genes conferring localized adherence of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) to Hep-2 cells was evaluated by using E. coli isolates from the stools of Peruvian infants with and without diarrhea. The probe was both sensitive and specific and revealed that Hep-2 adherence (because of the EPEC adherence factor [EAF] was more frequent in some O serogroups of EPEC than in others. Those serogroups in which EAF is almost always found have been designated class I EPEC; serogroups in which EAF is rarely found have been designated class II. Both class I (EAF-positive) and class II EPEC are associated with diarrheal disease.
394 citations
TL;DR: Frequency-domain fluorometers appear to be particularly useful for determination of complex decays of fluorescence anisotropy, and the relative simplicity of the equipment, the accuracy of the measurements and the lack of significant systematic errors indicate that frequency- domain fluorometry will be widely useful in chemical and biochemical research.
233 citations
TL;DR: Compounds acting specifically to antagonise excitatory neurotransmission offer a novel therapeutic approach to these disorders.
210 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed equations to calculate carboplatin dosage for any patient based on that patient9s creatinine clearance, body surface area, pretreatment platelet count, desired platelet nadir, and status of prior chemotherapy.
Abstract: We previously correlated both renal function and thrombocytopenia, the dose limiting toxicity of carboplatin, with the plasma pharmacokinetics of carboplatin. From these correlations, we developed equations to calculate carboplatin dosage for any patient based on that patient9s creatinine clearance, body surface area, pretreatment platelet count, desired platelet nadir, and status of prior chemotherapy. We prospectively applied these equations in 44 courses of carboplatin given to 24 patients. There were 13 males and 11 females with median age 53 (range, 33–77), median Karnofsky performance status 80 (range, 50–100), and creatinine clearance 32 to 118 ml/min. Ten patients had creatinine clearances less than 60 ml/min. Precision of the equations used for dose calculation was evaluable in 38 courses administered to 23 patients. In 23 courses of carboplatin administered to 12 patients without extensive prior chemotherapy, the observed change in platelets = 1.04 × predicted change - 48,000 ( r = 0.96). In the 15 courses of carboplatin administered to 11 heavily pretreated patients, the observed change in platelets = 1.13 × predicted change + 6,600 ( r = 0.97). For the overall combined population, the observed change in platelets = 0.96 × predicted change - 7,000 ( r = 0.94). These relationships which nearly define the line of identity (observed = expected) validate our initial observations. Only 2 patients developed WBC
202 citations
TL;DR: As the transfectants acquire an indefinite life-span and anchorage independence they became transplantable tumor cells and showed many phenotypic changes suggesting a pleiotropic mechanism for the role of Ha ras in human carcinogenesis.
Abstract: Transfection of normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells with a plasmid carrying the ras oncogene of Harvey murine sarcoma virus (v-Ha ras) changed the growth requirements, terminal differentiation, and tumorigenicity of the recipient cells. One of the cell lines isolated after transfection (TBE-1) was studied extensively and shown to contain v-Ha ras DNA. Total cellular RNA from TBE-1 cells hybridized to v-Ha ras structural gene fragment probes five to eight times more than RNA from parental NHBE cells. The TBE-1 cells expressed phosphorylated v-Ha ras polypeptide p21, showed a reduced requirement for growth-factor supplements, and became aneuploid as an early cellular response to v-Ha ras expression. As the transfectants acquire an indefinite life-span and anchorage independence they became transplantable tumor cells and showed many phenotypic changes suggesting a pleiotropic mechanism for the role of Ha ras in human carcinogenesis.
TL;DR: The results suggest that in the neuron Macromolecules processed and packaged for export by the Golgi complex are transported independently of the axonal endoplasmic reticulum and may be directed throughout the neuron.
Abstract: The lectin wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was employed to study the endocytic and exocytic pathways of the secretory process in neurons and the potential for trans-synaptic transfer of molecules within the CNS. WGA-HRP binds to surface membrane oligosaccharides and enters cells by adsorptive endocytosis. The lectin conjugate was administered intranasally or into the cerebral ventricles of mice; postinjection survival times ranged from 5 minutes to 6 days. Due to binding of the lectin to ependymal cells subsequent to an intraventricular injection, only select populations of neurons (i.e., hippocampal formation; paraventricular nuclei; midbrain raphe; VI, X, XII motor nuclei; among others) were exposed extracellularly to WGA-HRP and became labeled by retrograde axoplasmic transport from axon terminals or by direct cell body/ dendritic uptake. WGA-HRP delivered intranasally was endocytosed by first-order olfactory neurons and transported by anterograde axoplasmic flow to the terminal field within the glomerular layer of the main olfactory bulb; eventually perikarya of the mitral cell layer were labeled, presumably by anterograde trans-synaptic transfer of the lectin conjugate. In the variety of neurons analyzed ultrastructurally following exposure to WGA-HRP, the proposed sequence of intracellular pathways through which peroxidase reaction product was traced over time was: cell surface membrane → endocytic structures → endosomes (presecondary lysosomes) → transfer vesicles → transmost Golgi saccule → vesicles, vacuoles, and/or dense core granules. WGA-HRP also labeled vesicles and tubules that were channeled to and/or derived from spherical endosomes, dense bodies, and multivesicular bodies. The peroxidase-positive, membrane-delimited products of the trans Golgi saccule contributed to anterograde axonal transport vectors and accumulated within axon terminals. A second contribution to these vectors was provided by peroxidase-labeled tubules and dense bodies believed to represent components of the lysosomal compartment. Profiles of the axonal reticulum comparable to those that stained cytochemically for glucose-6-phosphatase activity, a marker for the endoplasmic reticulum, were not associated with the transport of WGA-HRP. Trans-synaptic transfer of WGA-HRP from primary olfactory neurons to postsynaptic cells in the olfactory bulb was reflected in peroxidase-positive endocytic vesicles, endosomes, dense bodies, and the trans Golgi saccule. Native HRP, which is taken into cells by fluid phase endocytosis, served as a control and was delivered into the CNS by intranasal, intravenous, or intraventricular injection. Organelles that contained native HRP were identical to those labeled with WGA-HRP, excluding the Golgi complex and its membrane-delimited products; exocytosis and trans-synaptic transfer of native HRP were not evident. The results suggest that in the neuron: (1) Macromolecules processed and packaged for export by the Golgi complex are transported independently of the axonal endoplasmic reticulum. This transport may be directed throughout the neuron and is similar to that which occurs in non-neural cells; (2) Populations of vesicles within the axon terminal are derived from the Golgi complex and/or endocytosis; and (3) WGA-HRP molecules or fragments thereof packaged within Golgi-derived vesicles, vacuoles, and dense core granules are exocytosed from axon terminals for adsortive endocytosis and possibly fluid-phase endocytosis by postsynaptic neurons. The trans-synaptic transfer of macromolecules processed and packaged in the neuron is dependent upon the Golgi complex and the exocytic/endocytic pathways of the secretory process.
TL;DR: It is most feasible to demonstrate the potential efficacy of perioperative antibiotics in clean neurosurgical procedures with the greatest risk of postoperative wound infection and the potential benefit from such prophylaxis would be greatest for patients undergoing high-risk operations.
Abstract: The authors have prospectively examined the occurrence of postoperative wound infection following clean neurosurgery in 936 patients. Fewer than 1% received perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. The overall rate of deep wound infection was 2.6%; no deaths were directly attributable to these infections. Deep wound infections occurred significantly more frequently following craniotomy (4.3%) than following spinal (0.9%) or other clean neurosurgery. Among craniotomies, the deep wound infection rate varied significantly from 11% following repeat operations for recurrent gliomas to 2.5% following non-tumor surgery. Risk of deep wound infection varied more than 11-fold depending on the type of clean neurosurgical operation. It is most feasible to demonstrate the potential efficacy of perioperative antibiotics in clean neurosurgical procedures with the greatest risk of postoperative wound infection. The potential benefit from such prophylaxis would be greatest for patients undergoing these high-risk operations.
TL;DR: The seated position is safe in experienced hands if appropriate surgical and anesthetic skills are exercised in patient selection and management, and Caution is advised in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, severe hypertension, cervical stenosis, and right to left intracardiac shunts.
Abstract: Because controversy exists regarding continued use of the seated position for neurosurgical procedures, this prospective (1981-1983) and retrospective (1972-1981) analysis of 554 seated patients was done to establish the incidence and severity of venous air embolism (VAE) related to type of surgical procedure and anesthetic technique; to examine the impact of specific monitoring practices on detection, morbidity, and mortality; and to establish the incidence of other complications related to the seated position (hypotension, quadriplegia, and arterial air embolism (AAE)). The overall morbidity and mortality related to the seated position was 1% (2 VAE, 1 AAE, 2 hypotension, 1 myocardial infarction) and 0.9% (1 VAE, 1 AAE, 2 hypotension, 1 quadriplegia), respectively. There has been no mortality since 1975. N2O did not seem to increase the incidence or severity of VAE. The seated position is safe in experienced hands if appropriate surgical and anesthetic skills are exercised in patient selection and management. Caution is advised in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, severe hypertension, cervical stenosis, and right to left intracardiac shunts.
TL;DR: In this article, the discriminant validity of related concepts: territoriality and attachment to place was established and the contextual determinants of attachment were investigated using data from a survey of 687 heads of household in Baltimore, Maryland.
Abstract: We sought to establish the discriminant validity of related concepts: territoriality and attachment to place. Further, we investigated the contextual determinants of attachment. We hypothesized that persons living in more heterogeneous neighborhoods would be less attached. We also hypothesized that levels of perceived or objective disorder would be negatively associated with attachment levels. The hypotheses were tested using data from a survey of 687 heads of household in Baltimore, Maryland. Data on police activity and neighborhood characteristics were also gathered. A clear territorial dimension and two attachment dimensions (Rooted and Involved; Acquaintanceship) were identified. Regressions of each dimension supported the distinctness of territoriality and attachment, as well as the hypothesized impacts of diversity and disorder on attachment. Not only are some people more attached to place than others but there are also some places to which people can become attached more easily. This study is the first to establish the direct impacts of diversity on attachment to place.
TL;DR: Exercise testing is not recommended as a routine preoperative method for assessing perioperative risk in older patients who are being evaluated before major elective noncardiac surgery under general anesthesia.
Abstract: A prospective study of preoperative exercise testing was carried out in 200 patients older than 40 years scheduled for elective major noncardiac surgery under general anesthesia. The exercise test response was electrocardiographically positive in 32 patients (16%) (2 patients had a markedly positive test), equivocal in 11 patients (5.5%) and negative in 157 patients (78.5%). The patients were followed with serial pre- and postoperative electrocardiograms (ECGs) and determinations of serum creatine kinase (CK) and CK-MB. Six patients (3%) had primary endpoints: 3 (1.5%) died postoperatively and 3 (1.5%) had definite postoperative myocardial infarction. Secondary endpoints of suspected postoperative myocardial ischemia/injury diagnosed by ECG or elevation in CK-MB levels occurred in 27 patients (14%). Endpoint events were more common in patients aged 70 years or older. Endpoint events were also more common in patients with an abnormal (positive or equivocal) preoperative exercise test response than in those with a negative response (27% vs 14%); however, preoperative exercise results were not statistically significant independent predictors of cardiac risk. Using multivariate analysis, the only statistically significant independent predictor of risk was the preoperative ECG. Endpoint events were more common in patients with an abnormal than in those with a normal ECG (23% vs 7%, p less than 0.002). Because the results of exercise testing do not appear to add substantially to the risk separation provided by the ECG at rest, exercise testing is not recommended as a routine preoperative method for assessing perioperative risk in older patients who are being evaluated before major elective noncardiac surgery under general anesthesia.
TL;DR: The results support previous findings that a sealer with gutta-percha prevents apical leakage of the root canal system.
Abstract: Summary. Sealapex was compared with two other root canal sealers for leakage in gutta-percha filled extracted teeth using a silver stain technique. The extent of leakage in vitro in the root canal systems over a 30-day period between the three root canal sealers was not statistically different. However, each sealer group leaked significantly less than the control group filled with gutta-percha only. The results support previous findings that a sealer with gutta-percha prevents apical leakage of the root canal system.
TL;DR: The results suggest that the ionic channel of the GABA receptor in mammalian brain is a primary target for the toxic action of γ-BHC and cyclodienes.
TL;DR: Interobserver reliability in obtaining neurologic histories and examinations was investigated among neurologists collaborating in the Stroke Data Bank and improvement in interobserver agreement due to data editing for intra-observer consistency was shown.
Abstract: • Interobserver reliability in obtaining neurologic histories and examinations was investigated among neurologists collaborating in the Stroke Data Bank (SDB). Seventeen in-hospital stroke patients were examined by six neurologists experienced in stroke over the course of three days. Patients were examined twice a day for two successive days, with each patient seen by four different neurologists. Data were recorded on SDB forms, according to definitions and procedures established for the SDB. Percent agreement and κ coefficients were calculated to assess the levels of agreement for each item. Important differences in levels of agreement were found among items on both neurologic history and examination. Agreement among neurologists was higher for neurologic examination than for history. Patterns of agreement for items with low prevalence or with numerous unknown ratings are discussed. Improvement in interobserver agreement due to data editing for intra-observer consistency was shown.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated, for the first time using electrophysiological techniques, that botulinum A neurotoxin blocks both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in the mammalian central nervous system.
TL;DR: The negative inotropic effect of ryanodine is due to a decrease in the calcium released from internal stores, and calcium entry normally contributes only a very small fraction of the total activator calcium.
Abstract: Our object was to assess the relative roles of transsarcolemmal calcium entry and intracellular calcium release in the contraction of cardiac Purkinje fibers. We observed intracellular calcium transients, membrane potential, and contraction in aequorin-injected canine cardiac Purkinje fibers exposed to highly selective pharmacological modifiers of excitation-contraction coupling. To influence selectively the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, we used the plant alkaloid, ryanodine. To influence calcium entry, selectively, we used either the calcium channel antagonist, nitrendipine, or the calcium channel agonist, Bay k 8644. Ryanodine alone (1 microM) reduced both components of the intracellular aequorin luminescence signal (L1 and L2). In three muscles, the luminescence signals were 3% of control in amplitude (standard error of the mean, 2%) without two distinct components and the twitch tension was 2% of control (standard error of the mean, 3%), whereas the action potential was prolonged. The aequorin signal and twitch remaining in ryanodine were abolished by the calcium antagonist nitrendipine (10 microM), which also lowered the action potential plateau, consistent with the block of functional calcium channels. In two experiments, the calcium-channel agonist, Bay k 8644, in the presence of ryanodine, increased the aequorin luminescence and the contraction, but only to a very small fraction of their control values. Sodium withdrawal in potassium-free, ryanodine-containing solution produced large slow increases in calcium and tension, showing that tension could still be produced, that aequorin remained functional, and that sodium/calcium exchange was not inhibited by ryanodine. Caffeine increased intracellular calcium, showing that calcium stores were not depleted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The results indicate that the metabolic activation of BP and formation of BPDE:DNA adducts occurs in humans.
Abstract: Metabolic activation of benzo(a)pyrene (BP) to its ultimate carcinogenic form, 7β,8α-diol-9α,10α-benzo(a)pyrene epoxide (BPDE), and the binding of BPDE to DNA are important steps in BP carcinogenicity in experimental animals. Since people of certain occupations are exposed to high concentrations of BP, we have used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and ultrasensitive enzymatic radioimmunoassay to measure BPDE:DNA adducts in white blood cells from 2 of these occupational groups. Seven of 28 samples from roofers and 7 of 20 samples from foundry workers were positive for BPDE:DNA adducts (range, 2 to 120 fmol BPDE/50 μg DNA). In a group of nine volunteers without these industrial exposures to BP, the two positive DNA samples were from cigarette smokers. Control DNA obtained from human lymphocyte cell line RPMI 4265 was negative. These results indicate that the metabolic activation of BP and formation of BPDE:DNA adducts occurs in humans.
TL;DR: The prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis genital infection in a sexually active urban Baltimore adolescent population was studied in this paper, where possible risk factors such as age, past history of sexually transmitted disease, number of sexual partners, contact with sexually transmitted diseases, oral contraceptive use, and concomitant gonococcal infection were evaluated.
TL;DR: The morphologic and biochemical evidence suggests that primary isolates and cultures are proximal tubule cells which should provide a well-defined in vitro human system for future studies.
TL;DR: Increases in extracellular taurine, triggered by the presence of QUIN in the hippocampus, may reflect a selective tissue response to the neurotoxic (rather than the convulsant) effects of this excitotoxin.
Abstract: The extracellular content of taurine, glutamate, glutamine, and glycine was measured by the novel method of brain dialysis in the acute phases following an intrahippocampal injection of the excitotoxic convulsant brain metabolite quinolinic acid (QUIN). Using bilaterally implanted depth electrodes physically combined with hollow fibers for dialysis, it was possible to collect continuously brain perfusates while simultaneously monitoring brain activity in the unanesthetized rat. In separate animals, hippocampal amino acid tissue levels were measured 2 h after an intracerebral injection of a convulsant dose (156 nmol) of QUIN. When compared with those in animals receiving the nonconvulsant decarboxylation product of QUIN, nicotinic acid, no differences in tissue levels were detected. In contrast, the same dose of QUIN caused a selective increase (2.24-fold) in taurine levels in perfusates from the injected hippocampus. These changes were apparent prior to the onset of electrographic seizures and did not occur in the contralateral hippocampus where seizure activity was equally severe. Thus, increases in extracellular taurine, triggered by the presence of QUIN in the hippocampus, may reflect a selective tissue response to the neurotoxic (rather than the convulsant) effects of this excitotoxin.
TL;DR: Another subset of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) is characterized based on the cytogenetic and morphologic findings in a group of nine patients, and the association of the t(6;9) with increased bone marrow basophils in ANLL may provide additional insight into the chromosomal location of genes regulating the production and/or maturation of Basophils.
Abstract: We have characterized another subset of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) based on the cytogenetic and morphologic findings in a group of nine patients. Five patients had chromosomal analyses performed at the University of Chicago, two patients were studied at the All-Union Cancer Research Center in Moscow, and one patient each was studied at the University of Maryland and at Fairfax Hospital in Fairfax, Virginia. All nine patients had a reciprocal translocation involving the short arm of chromosome 6 and the long arm of chromosome 9 [t(6;9)(p23;q34)]. The patients, four males and five females, ranged in age from 5 to 51 years; the median age of 38 years is lower than that typically seen in ANLL. Only two of eight treated patients entered a complete remission. Classification of bone marrow morphology according to FAB Cooperative Group criteria revealed AML-M1 in one patient, AML-M2 in four, and AMMoL-M4 in three. One patient had refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB) which evolved to AML-M2. All bone marrow specimens showed severe myelodysplasia, with Auer rods present in seven of the nine cases. Of note was the particular prominence of bone marrow basophils (greater than 1%) in eight of the nine (89%) patients. Among 160 evaluable patients with ANLL de novo seen at the University of Chicago whose cells lacked a t(6;9), only five (3%) had greater than 1% basophils in the marrow aspirates. It is of interest that the breakpoint in 9q involves the same chromosomal band as that in the t(9;22) observed in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), in which increased basophils are a prominent feature. Thus, the association of the t(6;9) with increased bone marrow basophils in ANLL may provide additional insight into the chromosomal location of genes regulating the production and/or maturation of basophils.
TL;DR: In this paper, the anterior chamber tube shunt to an encircling band (ACTSEB) procedure was performed on 28 patients with neovascular glaucoma (Group I) and five eyes with non-neovascular refractory glaucka(Group II) and the average preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) was 57.1 mmHg.
TL;DR: The levels of serum antibody reactive to selected periodontopathogens were determined in 182 clinically characterized patients and possible implications in the etiology and progression of the diseases coupled with environmental changes which occur in the econiche of the periodontal pocket are described.
Abstract: The levels of serum antibody reactive to selected periodontopathogens were determined in 182 clinically characterized patients: 35 healthy control, 50 juvenile periodontitis, 42 adult periodontitis and 55 rapidly progressive periodontitis. Reactive antibody levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with whole cell preparations of Bacteroides gingivalis, Capnocytophaga (Bacteroides) ochraceus, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Y-4) serving as antigens. Increased reactivity to B. gingivalis and F. nucleatum was observed in all three disease groups studied while antibody reactive to A. actinomycetemcomitans was increased in juvenile and rapidly progressive periodontitis. Antibody levels reactive to C. ochraceus in healthy subjects did not differ from those observed in any disease patient groups. Possible implications in the etiology and progression of the diseases coupled with environmental changes which occur in the econiche of the periodontal pocket are described.
TL;DR: The oral lesions associated with genital tract papillomaviruses were asymptomatic, multiple or single, and were located in different parts of the oral cavity, for example, on the gingivae, onthe tongue,on the lip, onThe tonsillar pillar, and on the floor of the mouth.
Abstract: Warty lesions of the oral cavity were examined for etiologic association with genital tract papillomaviruses HPV-6, HPV-11, and HPV-16. DNAs extracted from ten oral biopsies were screened for HPV genomic sequences by Southern transfer hybridization with 32P-labeled viral DNA probes. Nonstringent hybridization with an HPV-6 probe revealed papillomavirus DNA sequences in four of seven tissues with histologic evidence of papillomatosis, in none of two tissues without histologic evidence of papillomatosis, and in one tissue that was not examined by histology. Stringent hybridization tests with HPV-6 and HPV-16 probes identified the genome in one tissue as being HPV-16, in a second tissue as being HPV-6 subtype a, and in a third tissue as HPV-6 (subtype unidentified); papillomavirus DNA sequences in two tissues are as yet not identified. An additional case of HPV-6 or HPV-11 related oral cavity lesion was diagnosed by in situ hybridization of paraffin sections with a 35S-labeled, mixed HPV-6 + HPV-11 probe. The hybridization in the positive section was extensive and confined to epithelial nuclei. The oral lesions associated with genital tract papillomaviruses were asymptomatic, multiple or single, and were located in different parts of the oral cavity, for example, on the gingivae, on the tongue, on the lip, on the tonsillar pillar, and on the floor of the mouth.
TL;DR: The lobular distribution of maximal enzyme activities measured by immunohistochemical or microchemical techniques does not always correlate with metabolic flux rates as measured in periportal and pericentral regions with the new noninvasive methods, which are consistent with the hypothesis that many metabolic pathways operate below maximal velocity in intact hepatocytes.