University of Massachusetts Amherst

About: University of Massachusetts Amherst is a education organization based out in Amherst Center, Massachusetts, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Galaxy. The organization has 37274 authors who have published 83965 publications receiving 3834996 citations. The organization is also known as: UMass Amherst & Massachusetts State College.

Representations of Semisimple Lie Algebras in the BGG Category O

Abstract: Review of semisimple Lie algebras Highest weight modules: Category $\mathcal{O}$: Basics Characters of finite dimensional modules Category $\mathcal{O}$: Methods Highest weight modules I Highest weight modules II Extensions and resolutions Translation functors Kazhdan-Lusztig theory Further developments: Parabolic versions of category $\mathcal{O}$ Projective functors and principal series Tilting modules Twisting and completion functors Complements Bibliography Frequently used symbols Index.

Hormesis: why it is important to toxicology and toxicologists.

Abstract: This article provides a comprehensive review of hormesis, a dose-response concept that is characterized by a low-dose stimulation and a high-dose inhibition. The article traces the historical foundations of hormesis, its quantitative features and mechanistic foundations, and its risk assessment implications. The article indicates that the hormetic dose response is the most fundamental dose response, significantly outcompeting other leading dose-response models in large-scale, head-to-head evaluations. The hormetic dose response is highly generalizable, being independent of biological model, endpoint measured, chemical class, and interindividual variability. Hormesis also provides a framework for the study and assessment of chemical mixtures, incorporating the concept of additivity and synergism. Because the hormetic biphasic dose response represents a general pattern of biological responsiveness, it is expected that it will become progressively more significant within toxicological evaluation and risk assessment practices as well as have numerous biomedical applications.

Cellular Stress Responses, The Hormesis Paradigm, and Vitagenes: Novel Targets for Therapeutic Intervention in Neurodegenerative Disorders

Abstract: Despite the capacity of chaperones and other homeostatic components to restore folding equilibrium, cells appear poorly adapted for chronic oxidative stress that increases in cancer and in metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. Modulation of endogenous cellular defense mechanisms represents an innovative approach to therapeutic intervention in diseases causing chronic tissue damage, such as in neurodegeneration. This article introduces the concept of hormesis and its applications to the field of neuroprotection. It is argued that the hormetic dose response provides the central underpinning of neuroprotective responses, providing a framework for explaining the common quantitative features of their dose–response relationships, their mechanistic foundations, and their relationship to the concept of biological plasticity, as well as providing a key insight for improving the accuracy of the therapeutic dose of pharmaceutical agents within the highly heterogeneous human population. This article desc...

Foci of trinucleotide repeat transcripts in nuclei of myotonic dystrophy cells and tissues.

Abstract: We have analyzed the intracellular localization of transcripts from the myotonin protein kinase (Mt-PK) gene in fibroblasts and muscle biopsies from myotonic dystrophy patients and normal controls. In affected individuals, a trinucleotide expansion in the gene results in the phenotype, the severity of which is proportional to the repeat length. A fluorochrome-conjugated probe (10 repeats of CAG) hybridized specifically to this expanded repeat. Mt-PK transcripts containing CTG repeat expansions were detected in the nucleus as bright foci in DM patient fibroblasts and muscle biopsies, but not from normal individuals. These foci represented transcripts from the Mt-PK gene since they simultaneously hybridized to fluorochrome-conjugated probes to the 5'-end of the Mt-PK mRNA. A single oligonucleotide probe to the repeat and the sense strand each conjugated to different fluorochromes revealed the gene and the transcripts simultaneously, and indicated that these focal concentrations (up to 13 per nucleus) represented predominately posttranscriptional RNA since only a single focus contained both the DNA and the RNA. This concentration of nuclear transcripts was diagnostic of the affected state, and may represent aberrant processing of the RNA.