University of Massachusetts Amherst

About: University of Massachusetts Amherst is a education organization based out in Amherst Center, Massachusetts, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Galaxy. The organization has 37274 authors who have published 83965 publications receiving 3834996 citations. The organization is also known as: UMass Amherst & Massachusetts State College.

The Universality of Turbulence in Galactic Molecular Clouds

Abstract: The universality of interstellar turbulence is examined from observed structure functions of 27 giant molecular clouds and Monte Carlo modeling. We show that the structure functions, ?v = vol?, derived from wide-field imaging of 12CO J=1-0 emission from individual clouds are described by a narrow range in the scaling exponent, ?, and the scaling coefficient, vo. The similarity of turbulent structure functions emphasizes the universality of turbulence in the molecular interstellar medium and accounts for the cloud-to-cloud size/line width relationship initially identified by Larson. The degree of turbulence universality is quantified by Monte Carlo simulations that reproduce the mean squared velocity residuals of the observed cloud-to-cloud relationship. Upper limits to the variation of the scaling amplitudes and exponents for molecular clouds are ~10%-20%. The measured invariance of turbulence for molecular clouds with vastly different sizes, environments, and star formation activity suggests a common formation mechanism such as converging turbulent flows within the diffuse interstellar medium and a limited contribution of energy from sources within the cloud with respect to large-scale driving mechanisms.

A review of research in mechanical engineering design. Part I: Descriptive, prescriptive, and computer-based models of design processes

Abstract: This is the first of a two part paper summarizing and reviewing research in mechanical engineering design theory and methodology. Part I includes: 1) descriptive models; 2) prescrptive models; and 3) computer-based models of design processes. Part II, which will appear in the next issue of this journal, will include: 4) languages, representations, and environments for design; 5) analysis in support of design; and 6) design for manufacture and the life-cycle. For each major area, we discuss the current topics of research and the state of the art, emphasizing recent significant advances. We also discuss the important open research issues in each area. The six categories are certainly not mutually exclusive nor even collectively exhaustive; however, some organization is necessary, and these categories have been effective in making sense of a body of research that is expending rapidly in many exciting and promising directions. The mechanical engineering design research community has made major advances over the last few years. The research community in mechanical engineering design has made significant progress not only in advancing our knowledge of design, but also in clarifying the research methods necessary to study design. Great progress is being made toward a better understanding of design, and hence toward better design tools.

The working alliance: Where are we and where should we go?

Abstract: This article describes important findings that have emerged from decades of research on the working alliance, as well as some of the clinical implications of these findings. In addition, future directions of research on this construct are suggested. Our hope is that this article will provide useful heuristics for better understanding the alliance, the therapeutic relationship more broadly, and the process of therapeutic change in general. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved).