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Institution

University of Massachusetts Amherst

EducationAmherst Center, Massachusetts, United States
About: University of Massachusetts Amherst is a education organization based out in Amherst Center, Massachusetts, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Galaxy. The organization has 37274 authors who have published 83965 publications receiving 3834996 citations. The organization is also known as: UMass Amherst & Massachusetts State College.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a metatranscriptomic analysis of methanogenic aggregates from a brewery wastewater digester, coupled with fluorescence in situ hybridization with specific 16S rRNA probes, revealed that Methanosaeta species were the most abundant and metabolically active methanogens.
Abstract: Anaerobic conversion of organic wastes and biomass to methane is an important bioenergy strategy, which depends on poorly understood mechanisms of interspecies electron transfer to methanogenic microorganisms. Metatranscriptomic analysis of methanogenic aggregates from a brewery wastewater digester, coupled with fluorescence in situ hybridization with specific 16S rRNA probes, revealed that Methanosaeta species were the most abundant and metabolically active methanogens. Methanogens known to reduce carbon dioxide with H2 or formate as the electron donor were rare. Although Methanosaeta have previously been thought to be restricted to acetate as a substrate for methane production, Methanosaeta in the aggregates had a complete complement of genes for the enzymes necessary for the reduction of carbon to methane, and transcript abundance for these genes was high. Furthermore, Geobacter species, the most abundant bacteria in the aggregates, highly expressed genes for ethanol metabolism and for extracellular electron transfer via electrically conductive pili, suggesting that Geobacter and Methanosaeta species were exchanging electrons via direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET). This possibility was further investigated in defined co-cultures of Geobacter metallireducens and Methanosaeta harundinacea which stoichiometrically converted ethanol to methane. Transcriptomic, radiotracer, and genetic analysis demonstrated that M. harundinacea accepted electrons via DIET for the reduction of carbon dioxide to methane. The discovery that Methanosaeta species, which are abundant in a wide diversity of methanogenic environments, are capable of DIET has important implications not only for the functioning of anaerobic digesters, but also for global methane production.

1,016 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
02 Nov 2017-Nature
TL;DR: A genome-wide association study of breast cancer in 122,977 cases and 105,974 controls of European ancestry and 14,068 cases and 13,104 controls of East Asian ancestry finds that heritability of Breast cancer due to all single-nucleotide polymorphisms in regulatory features was 2–5-fold enriched relative to the genome- wide average.
Abstract: Breast cancer risk is influenced by rare coding variants in susceptibility genes, such as BRCA1, and many common, mostly non-coding variants. However, much of the genetic contribution to breast cancer risk remains unknown. Here we report the results of a genome-wide association study of breast cancer in 122,977 cases and 105,974 controls of European ancestry and 14,068 cases and 13,104 controls of East Asian ancestry. We identified 65 new loci that are associated with overall breast cancer risk at P < 5 × 10-8. The majority of credible risk single-nucleotide polymorphisms in these loci fall in distal regulatory elements, and by integrating in silico data to predict target genes in breast cells at each locus, we demonstrate a strong overlap between candidate target genes and somatic driver genes in breast tumours. We also find that heritability of breast cancer due to all single-nucleotide polymorphisms in regulatory features was 2-5-fold enriched relative to the genome-wide average, with strong enrichment for particular transcription factor binding sites. These results provide further insight into genetic susceptibility to breast cancer and will improve the use of genetic risk scores for individualized screening and prevention.

1,014 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
J. Abadie1, B. P. Abbott1, R. Abbott1, M. R. Abernathy2  +719 moreInstitutions (79)
TL;DR: In this paper, Kalogera et al. presented an up-to-date summary of the rates for all types of compact binary coalescence sources detectable by the initial and advanced versions of the ground-based gravitational-wave detectors LIGO and Virgo.
Abstract: We present an up-to-date, comprehensive summary of the rates for all types of compact binary coalescence sources detectable by the initial and advanced versions of the ground-based gravitational-wave detectors LIGO and Virgo. Astrophysical estimates for compact-binary coalescence rates depend on a number of assumptions and unknown model parameters and are still uncertain. The most confident among these estimates are the rate predictions for coalescing binary neutron stars which are based on extrapolations from observed binary pulsars in our galaxy. These yield a likely coalescence rate of 100 Myr−1 per Milky Way Equivalent Galaxy (MWEG), although the rate could plausibly range from 1 Myr−1 MWEG−1 to 1000 Myr−1 MWEG−1 (Kalogera et al 2004 Astrophys. J. 601 L179; Kalogera et al 2004 Astrophys. J. 614 L137 (erratum)). We convert coalescence rates into detection rates based on data from the LIGO S5 and Virgo VSR2 science runs and projected sensitivities for our advanced detectors. Using the detector sensitivities derived from these data, we find a likely detection rate of 0.02 per year for Initial LIGO–Virgo interferometers, with a plausible range between 2 × 10−4 and 0.2 per year. The likely binary neutron–star detection rate for the Advanced LIGO–Virgo network increases to 40 events per year, with a range between 0.4 and 400 per year.

1,011 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The E-Z Reader model as mentioned in this paper ) is a general model of eye movement control in reading that relates cognitive processing (specifically aspects of lexical access) to eye movements in reading.
Abstract: The authors present several versions of a general model, titled the E-Z Reader model, of eye movement control in reading. The major goal of the modeling is to relate cognitive processing (specifically aspects of lexical access) to eye movements in reading. The earliest and simplest versions of the model (E-Z Readers 1 and 2) merely attempt to explain the total time spent on a word before moving forward (the gaze duration) and the probability of fixating a word; later versions (E-Z Readers 3-5) also attempt to explain the durations of individual fixations on individual words and the number of fixations on individual words. The final version (E-Z Reader 5) appears to be psychologically plausible and gives a good account of many phenomena in reading. It is also a good tool for analyzing eye movement data in reading. Limitations of the model and directions for future research are also discussed.

1,010 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
24 Nov 1993-JAMA
TL;DR: Among severity systems for intensive care patients, the MPM0 is the only model available for use at ICU admission and bothMPM0 and MPM24 are useful research tools and provide important clinical information when used alone or together.
Abstract: Objective. —To revise and update models in the Mortality Probability Model (MPM II) system to estimate the probability of hospital mortality among 19124 intensive care unit (ICU) patients that can be used for quality assessment within and among ICUs. Design and Setting. —Models developed and validated on consecutive admissions to adult medical and surgical ICUs in 12 countries. Patients. —A total of 12610 patients for model development, 6514 patients for model validation. Patients younger than 18 years and burn, coronary care, and cardiac surgery patients were excluded. Outcome Measure. —Vital status at hospital discharge. Results. —The admission model, MPM0, contains 15 readily obtainable variables. In developmental and validation samples it calibrated well (goodness-of-fit tests:P=.623 andP=.327, respectively, where a highPvalue represents good fit between observed and expected values) and discriminated well (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve=0.837 and 0.824, respectively). The 24-hour model, MPM24(developed on 10357 patients still in the ICU at 24 hours), contains five of the admission variables and eight additional variables easily ascertained at 24 hours. It also calibrated well (P=.764 andP=.231 in the developmental and validation samples, respectively) and discriminated well (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve=0.844 and 0.836 in the developmental and validation samples, respectively). Conclusions. —Among severity systems for intensive care patients, the MPM0is the only model available for use at ICU admission. Both MPM0and MPM24are useful research tools and provide important clinical information when used alone or together. (JAMA. 1993;270:2478-2486)

1,009 citations


Authors

Showing all 37601 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
George M. Whitesides2401739269833
Joan Massagué189408149951
David H. Weinberg183700171424
David L. Kaplan1771944146082
Michael I. Jordan1761016216204
James F. Sallis169825144836
Bradley T. Hyman169765136098
Anton M. Koekemoer1681127106796
Derek R. Lovley16858295315
Michel C. Nussenzweig16551687665
Alfred L. Goldberg15647488296
Donna Spiegelman15280485428
Susan E. Hankinson15178988297
Bernard Moss14783076991
Roger J. Davis147498103478
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023103
2022535
20213,983
20203,858
20193,712
20183,385