Showing papers by "University of Massachusetts Boston published in 1979"
TL;DR: Intrauterine orientation of the fetus before delivery, as judged from head position during birth, was found to be a reliable precursor of the supine head position preference of the neonate.
Abstract: Intrauterine orientation of the fetus before delivery, as judged from head position during birth, was found to be a reliable precursor of the supine head position preference of the neonate. The neonate's head position affected the finger positions of the hands. When the head was oriented right, the right hand was fisted more often than the left and the left hand was open more often than the right. The reverse pattern occurred when the head was oriented left. The neonates did not manifest head position preferences while prone, but the prone position did alter the state of the infant. The neonate's state was also found to be associated with supine head orientation. The results were discussed in relation to the ontogeny of handedness.
93 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the same group of 4-to 7-year-old children were given three tasks: one in which they made judgments about whether "all" or "some" members of a category were included in another category, and two tasks in which children made inferences based on knowledge of inclusion relations.
79 citations
67 citations
TL;DR: This article examined the elementary school classroom as a setting for children's learning of culturally appropriate modes of informal work group behavior and found that pupil peer activity is strongly conditioned, in form and function, by the classroom situational context and by school-sponsored norms for peer conduct.
Abstract: Drawing on case study data from an American urban school, this paper examines the elementary school classroom as a setting for children's learning of culturally appropriate modes of informal work group behavior. Rather than representing an intrusive, disfunctional element in schoolroom social organization, pupil peer activity is strongly conditioned, in form and function, by the classroom situational context and by school-sponsored norms for peer conduct. School norms are communicated to children through both informal and formal channels, and are sanctioned in the classroom disciplinary process. Although several forms of peer activity occur at the expense of organizational goals, peer group activity takes a number of forms that evince cooperation with school goals and authority and that lend support to individual achievement. SCHOOLING, ORGANIZATIONAL SOCIALIZATION, PEER BEHAVIOR, HIDDEN CURRICULUM, ANTHROPOLOGY AND EDUCATION.
65 citations
TL;DR: The existence of seasonality in security rates of return has implications for both the study of market efficiency and tests involving return models as mentioned in this paper, and the existence of seasonal asset returns may be an indicator of market inefficiencies.
Abstract: The existence of seasonality in security rates of return has implications for both the study of market efficiency and tests involving return models. The existence of seasonal asset returns may be an indicator of market inefficiencies. In an efficient market, investor arbitrage should remove any excess seasonal return an asset receives over a comparable asset of equal risk. The presence of seasonal returns, however, does not necessitate market inefficiency. For example, an expected seasonal return may exist in an efficient market simply because of anticipated seasonal patterns embedded in its underlying determinants. Tax regulations, government monetary policy, seasonal information lags, or risk adjustments have all been advanced as determinants of seasonal movements in return. No matter what the basis for return seasonality or the extent of market efficiency, if seasonality in asset returns exists, then these returns do not follow a strict stationary process within the year. Statistical models analyzing asset returns may use this information to improve model specification. For instance, Kinney and Rozeff [16] have shown that large efficiency gains in estimating portfolio betas can be achieved using time stratified estimates which explicitly incorporate seasonality in 4 stock returns.
58 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, tourism and underdevelopment in Southeast Asia are discussed. But the authors focus on the tourism sector and do not consider the underdevelopment of the under-development region.
Abstract: (1979). Tourism and underdevelopment in Southeast Asia. Journal of Contemporary Asia: Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 274-287.
33 citations
26 citations
TL;DR: Starry flounders from San Francisco Bay were brought to spawning condition at the New England Aquarium by means of injections of freeze-dried carp pituitary and reared through metamorphosis.
Abstract: Starry flounders from San Francisco Bay were brought to spawning condition at the New England Aquarium by means of injections of freeze-dried carp pituitary. Selected artificial fertilizations were made and the embryos reared through metamorphosis. The first larvae hatched about 85 hours after fertilization. The earliest metamorphoses were initiated 27 days after fertilization at 7 mm standard length (SL); the earliest completed metamorphosis was 33 days after fertilization (30 days after hatching), also at 7 mm SL.
15 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that serotonin must cause its secretory activity observed in vivo by some mechanism other than a direct action on epithelial cell transport mechanisms.
14 citations
TL;DR: The light-induced transient states of chlorophyll-protein 668 and its photoconverted from Cp743 were investigated using flash photolysis and a very low quantum efficiency was found for the photoconversion suggesting another intermediate in the conversion sequence.
Abstract: The light-induced transient states of chlorophyll-protein 668 (Cp668) and its photoconverted from Cp743 were investigated using flash photolysis. Short lived transient species induced by a short flash were detected in both Cp668 and Cp743. The Cp668 transient had a half decay time of 2.0 milliseconds and showed a broad absorption band at 460 nanometers. The Cp743 transient had a half decay time of only 0.6 millisecond and had a major absorption peak at 410 nanometers in addition, to a broad absorption band around 530 nanometers. Both transient signals were quenched by oxygen. Cp668 had a temperature-dependent delayed fluorescence at room temperature with a half-life of 2.0 milliseconds, the same as the life-time of the absorption transient. This suggests that the transient species observed was a triplet state of chlorophyll. The light-induced transients of both Cp668 and Cp743 were formed with high efficiency. A very low quantum efficiency was found for the photoconversion of Cp668 to Cp743 suggesting another intermediate in the conversion sequence. The photoconversion reaction requires oxygen suggesting that an intermediate in the reaction sequence might be superoxide or singlet oxygen.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the dynamics of a spinning satellite with four extendable/retractable wire booms each with a tip mass attached is analyzed by means of the Laplace transform method.
Abstract: This paper reports on the results of a theoretical formulation on the dynamics of a spinning satellite with four extendable/retractable wire booms each with a tip mass attached. Seven coupled nonlinear equations of motion of hub and boom oscillations in the spin plane are derived from the Lagrangian and solved on a computer to generate simulations of time-dependent dynamical behavior of the satellite system under different boundary conditions. The transient response of the system due to perturbations by wire boom extension/retraction is derived analytically by means of the Laplace transform method.
01 Jun 1979
TL;DR: In this paper, the classical method is in reasonably good agreement with the quantum method for the calculation of rotational transitions of HD at the higher initial translational energies, but the classical methods are in poor agreement with quantum results for HD excitation at low energies and for H 2 excitations at all energies.
Abstract: Classical trajectory calculations of integral cross sections for rotationally inelastic collisions of HD-para H 2 and HD—HD were carried out for a wide variety of transitions over a wide range of initial relative translational energies. The results of the HD—H 2 calculations were compared with the quantum effective potential calculations of Chu. It was found that the classical method is in reasonably good agreement with the quantum method for the calculation of rotational transitions of HD at the higher initial translational energies, but the classical method is in poor agreement with quantum results for HD excitation at low energies and for H 2 excitations at all energies.
TL;DR: In this article, the normal modes in the spin plane of a satellite with four hinged wire booms each with a tip mass attached are analyzed by solving the matrix eigenvalue equations.
Abstract: Harmonic analysis of the normal modes in the spin plane of a satellite with four hinged wire booms each with a tip mass attached is presented. Analytical expressions of normal mode coordinates and frequencies are obtained by solving the matrix eigenvalue equations, using secular determinant and simultaneous diagonalization methods. Translational oscillation of the center body is present in configurations of lower symmetry. The analytical results are in good agreement with computer simulations.
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that there exists a 0-cocycle fit with respect to our open cover such that at u = fl~-fli, where u is a cocycle.
Abstract: Proof. Let r r :Y~X be a projective desingularization of X, and let E be the exceptional set in Y. If M is any negative line bundle over Y, then by Proposition 3, we know that lr.(M ®d~(-E)) is a pseudonegative sheaf on X. But let's assume that, in fact, M is so negative that Hi(Y, M ® ¢ ( E)) =0. [For example, this will be true if M ®tg(E) is negative, by Kodaira's Vanishing Theorem.] Let ~ = n . (M ®~(-E)) . We will show that Hi(X, ~ ) = 0. Let { Us} be a locally finite open cover of X, and let {~ij} be a 1-cocycle with respect to this cover. We want to show that there exists a 0-cocycle {fit} with respect to our open cover such that at u = fl~-fli. But {~r1 Us} is a locally finite open cover of Y, and by definition of n, , the cocycle {~o} gives rise in canonical fashion to a cocycle (which we denote {~j}) on {rr-lU~}. Furthermore, since (as is well-known) the natural map from Ht({r~-lU~}, M®t~(-E)) to H I ( Y , M ~ ( E ) ) is one-to-one, there exists a
TL;DR: In this article, the photoexcited triplet state properties of a species contained in the watersoluble chlorophyll protein (Cp 668) extracted from the stems of young plants of Atriplex hortensis using optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR).
TL;DR: This article examined how cultural economic nationalism is affecting government and business policy toward international trade and found that at least for television programs, films, books and international news there is a high level of concentration.
Abstract: This article examines how cultural economic nationalism is affecting government and business policy toward international trade. The available data on the pattern of trade suggest that at least for television programs, films, books and international news there a high level of concentration. International trade in mass media products has obvious cultural relevance. The arguments for trade restrictions are based on four assumptions which include preserving a nation's cultural identity is desirable, educating a country's population correctly is desirable, free trade allows overconcentration and overspecialization in the production and control of culturally relevant products and services and that infant industries should be protected for cultural as well as economic reasons.
TL;DR: The problem considered here is how to allocate n exponential tasks to two available servers, and arrivals are assumed to be Poisson, which gives rise to a network of queues with Erlang service times.
Abstract: The problem considered here is how to allocate n exponential tasks to two available servers. The servers may be placed in a series or parallel configuration, and arrivals are assumed to be Poisson. In general, this gives rise to a network of queues with Erlang service times. Alternative designs are examined using various approximation methods and simulation for several values of n and different utilization rates. If the workers must be placed in tandem, the rule of balancing the work of the two stations is found to be optimal for all cases considered. If it is possible to place the servers in a parallel configuration, each performing all n tasks, the average total waiting time can be substantially reduced.
TL;DR: Sudden changes in the numbers of foragers counted were observed each year; a probable interpretation is that they resulted from recruitment of bees to areas where the vetch was producing a highly rewarding nectar flow.
Abstract: SummaryData are presented on the numbers of foraging honeybees on experimental plots within a very large area of hairy vetch during 3 years, and on amounts and concentrations of nectar. Sudden changes in the numbers of foragers counted were observed each year; a probable interpretation is that they resulted from recruitment of bees to areas where the vetch was producing a highly rewarding nectar flow.
TL;DR: Self-paced recall in Broadbent's split-span memory task shows particular temporal patterns associated with different strategies of report, related to an interaction between strategies of response selection and decay of information from memory.
Abstract: Self-paced recall in Broadbent's split-span memory task shows particular temporal patterns associated with different strategies of report. Accuracy is a decreasing function of the interval between presentation of an item and report of that item irrespective of report strategy. Presentation rate appears to affect the asymptote of this function but not its rate of decline. Results are related to an interaction between strategies of response selection and decay of information from memory.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the nature of market concentration in the mass media industries and its implications for diversity of consumer choice and developed criteria for evaluating policy alternatives that might increase consumer choice, including breaking up large media corporations, growth of cable television, government assistance in financing alternative media, an excise tax on media "excess profits" for alternative media; regulating to ensure greater content diversity; de-regulation, deregulating with community control; and increasing diversity through media labor union contracts.
Abstract: The nature of market concentration in the mass media industries and its implications for diversity of consumer choice are examined. Criteria for evaluating policy alternatives that might increase consumer choice are developed. The policy alternatives evaluated using these criteria are: breaking up large media corporations; growth of cable television; government assistance in financing alternative media; an excise tax on media “excess profits” for alternative media; regulating to ensure greater content diversity; de-regulation; de-regulation with community control; and, increasing diversity through media labor union contracts.