Showing papers by "University of Massachusetts Boston published in 1987"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the extent and significance of management training for the successful transfer of technology in less developed countries (LDCs) and concluded that the importance of training of local managers for the transfer of knowledge has not yet been explored.
167 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that there is a single copy of the TP2 gene in the mouse genome and Northern blots demonstrate that the polyadenylated TP2 mRNA is present at high and essentially equal levels in early and late haploid cells, and that it is virtually absent from meiotic cells.
85 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed reliability as a measure of information system s(IS) success based on the critical success factors (CSF), which is a quantifiable measure used in in the control and management of IS.
Abstract: This article develops reliability as a measure of information system s(IS) success based on the critical success factors (CSF). This paper constructs the hierarchical configuration of CSFs using Rockart's data on CSFs of IS executives, and checks the applicability of this configuration by using Martin's data. The article then derives IS reliability from the CSF configuration.
Reliability is a quantifiable measure used in in the control and management of IS. It provides an early warning about the quality of the IS, and identifies the areas where the trouble lies. Reliability can be used to compare various information systems, and as the numerical example in this article demonstrates, this measure could be used extensively in cost/benefit analyses of computing IS investment projects.
85 citations
82 citations
TL;DR: Results indicate that intertidal sediments which adjoin point sources of pollution are severely contaminated and should be considered as potentially hazardous reservoirs of sewage-borne diseases.
Abstract: The impact of a sewage point source on the bacterial densities in an intertidal mud flat in Boston Harbor, Mass, was investigated The area, Savin Hill Cove, acts as a receiving basin for a combined storm and sewage outlet (CSO) Preliminary examination of sediments and overlying water at high tide demonstrated that fecal coliforms were present in sediments at abundances 2 to 4 orders of magnitude higher than in the overlying water column The following bacterial counts were determined from sediments along a sampling transect extending 460 m from the CSO: total bacteria by epifluorescent microscopy, heterotrophic bacteria by plate counts on nutrient-rich and nutrient-poor media, fecal coliforms and enterococci by membrane filtration, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus by a most-probable-number technique with a resuscitation step Median sediment grain size, average tidal exposure, carbon/nitrogen ratio, and total organic carbon were also measured All bacterial indices, except for V parahaemolyticus, declined significantly with distance from the outfall Multiple regression analysis indicated that tidal exposure (low tides) may affect densities of total bacteria Fecal coliforms and enterococci were still present in appreciable numbers in sediments as far as 460 m away from the CSO In contrast, V parahaemolyticus densities did not correlate with the other bacterial counts nor with any of the environmental parameters examined These results indicate that intertidal sediments which adjoin point sources of pollution are severely contaminated and should be considered as potentially hazardous reservoirs of sewage-borne diseases
82 citations
Book•
01 Jan 198767 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that the general population reacts to chemicals at levels much lower than the available occupational literature would indicate or that the effects are more long lasting than previously thought.
Abstract: A symptom prevalence survey was conducted of a neighborhood exposed to airborne hazardous wastes. Residents' responses were compared to those of a nearby control population. The results revealed that the exposed group had more self-reported complaints referable to the respiratory system (wheezing, shortness of breath, chest discomfort, persistent colds, coughs), constitutional complaints (always fatigued, bowel dysfunction), and irregular heart beat. When the effect of a documented irritant source in a small portion of the control population was removed, the exposed group also complained more often of irritation of the eyes and nose. There was a biological gradient for several of these effects. Efforts to eliminate the influence of confounding and recall bias are discussed. The results suggest either that the general population reacts to chemicals at levels much lower than the available occupational literature would indicate or that the effects are more long lasting than previously thought.
59 citations
Patent•
29 Apr 1987TL;DR: In this paper, a unique method and apparatus for therapeutically treating immunological disorders and disease states which are characterized by the presence of immunologically abnormal leukocytes in the body of the afflicted subject is provided.
Abstract: A unique method and apparatus for therapeutically treating immunological disorders and disease states which are characterized by the present of immunologically abnormal leukocytes in the body of the afflicted subject is provided. The apparatus and methodology utilized a sealed diffusion chamber which may be surgically implanted in-vivo or may be extracorporeally joined to the circulatory system of the afflicted subject. In either mode of use, the diffusion chamber utilizes immunologically normal leukocytes of various types and concentration which are able to provide cell functions and cellular secretory products which therapeutically counterbalance the effects of the immunological abnormality within the afflicted subject.
45 citations
TL;DR: This paper attempts to examine the utility foundation of the Analytic Hierarchy Process by identifying the conditions under which the selection of an alternative is consistent with the maximization of an underlying utility function.
44 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a family strategy: a dialogue between families and family strategy. But they do not discuss the relationship between the two sides of the dialogue, and they focus on the family's history.
Abstract: (1987). Family Strategy: A Dialogue. Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History: Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 113-125.
43 citations
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the possibility of distinguishing patterns of early nineteenth-century socioeconomic stratification among eleven United States archaeological sites on the basis of differences in the relative mean value of whiteware decorative types found at those sites, measured with Miller's ceramic indices.
Abstract: Social and economic stratification have long been interrelated by anthropologists and archaeologists (Adams 1966; Clark 1970:217, 221; Sahlins 1958). Since Binford stated that archaeological research on social structure was “one of the major areas of anthropological research yet to be developed” (Binford 1962:219), prehistoric archaeologists have increasingly studied social stratification, often in relation to economic stratification (Flannery and Coe 1968; Hill 1968; Hoffman 1974; Sanders and Webster 1978; Watson 1978). Historical archaeologists have recently developed new methods for measuring attributes of artifact assemblages that may be related to socioeconomic status (Miller 1980; Schulz and Gust 1983; Singer 1985). Within the context of reconstructing past lifeways (Binford 1968:12), this research investigates the possibility of distinguishing patterns of early nineteenth-century socioeconomic stratification among eleven United States archaeological sites on the basis of differences in the relative mean value of whiteware decorative types found at those sites, measured with Miller’s ceramic indices (1980).1 Ceramic indices were used to form a scale of sites ranked according to relative mean value of whiteware assemblages. Relative site positions on this scale were then contrasted and compared with documentary indications of socioeconomic status of site residents, in order to determine the relationship between value of white ceramics and social stratification.
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: In this article, a consumer choice profile is proposed to test the relationship between Miller's price scaling indices and household participation in consumer behaviors of socioeconomic groups, which is a refinement of the use of Miller's indices.
Abstract: A major area of research in archaeology is concerned with the connections between artifact patterns and sociocultural behavior patterns. Since Binford considered “the study and establishment of correlations between types of social structure classified on the basis of behavioral attributes and structural types of material elements as one of the major areas of anthropological research yet to be developed” (Binford 1962:219), archaeologists have increasingly studied relationships between social and economic stratification and artifact attribute patterns (Flannery and Coe 1968; Hill 1968; Hoffman 1974; Sanders and Webster 1978; Watson 1978). A growing body of research in historical archaeology has contributed analyses of artifact attributes that have been related to social and economic status of site residents (Deagan 1982:164–165, 1983; Drucker 1981; Geismar 1982; Mudar 1978; Otto 1984; Poe 1979; Singer 1985; Schulz and Gust 1983). Miller (1980) recently developed ceramic price scaling indices to measure the mean value of whiteware decorative types in a site ceramic assemblage. Because the attribute of decoration affected whiteware prices, it was hypothesized to be related to socioeconomic status. This research is concerned with the effects of alternative methods for testing the hypothesized relationship between Miller’s indices and household participation in consumer behaviors of socioeconomic groups. Perhaps most importantly, a refinement in the use of Miller’s indices is proposed, called a consumer choice profile, that involves the analysis of archaeological patterns of whiteware decorative type values in an archaeological assemblage.
TL;DR: Using ion exchange column chromatography to resolve RNA polymerase II transcription components the authors can identify at least four fractions required for transcription by their ability to interact with, or substitute for, particular HeLa fractions.
Abstract: Crude wheat germ nuclear extracts contain many inhibitors of transcription which need to be removed before an active system can be developed. Using ion exchange column chromatography to resolve RNA polymerase II transcription components we can identify at least four fractions required for transcription by their ability to interact with, or substitute for, particular HeLa fractions. Inhibitors can be removed by a second or third chromatographic process applied to each fraction. Two plant fractions can each effectively replace the corresponding fraction in a HeLa transcription system, and the wheat fractions can work together and replace two HeLa fractions. These plant factors chromatograph identically to HeLa factors on ion exchange columns. The third fraction does not fully substitute for the corresponding HeLa fraction, but can complement this HeLa fraction when both are added at half-optimal levels. An in vitro plant system consisting of four plant chromatographic fractions will selectively transcribe a gene, but only at very low efficiency. The apparent block to greater efficiency is in elongation of the RNA past the 20–30n size.
TL;DR: This paper found that attitudes elicited under direction of a general schema would be more mutually consistent than attitudes expressed without schematic direction, but only for subjects who were "ideologically self-schematic", that is, those subjects who defined themselves in adjectives which are characteristic of liberals or conservatives or who rated themselves on the extreme ends of a liberal-conservative self-rating scale.
TL;DR: In this article, the Gauss code problem is generalized to certain 4-regular graphs in arbitrary surfaces, where cyclic sequences arise as the vertex sequence of the straight-ahead path of a 4 regular graph embedded in the plane.
Abstract: The classical Gauss code problem asks to characterize which cyclic sequences arise as the vertex sequence of the ‘straight-ahead path of a 4-regular graph embedded in the plane This problem is generalized to certain 4 regular graphs in arbitrary surfaces
TL;DR: The authors argued that apposition can be viewed as a semantic, pragmatic, and syntactic relation and showed that it is not a syntactically defined relation, but a grammatical category distinct from coordination and subordination.
Abstract: Commenting on examples like (2), Huddleston (1971:42) remarks that &dquo;The relationship [between Ul and U2] is probably too loose to be handled formally as apposition&dquo;. I wish to argue in this paper that examples (1) and (2) both contain appositions and that these appositions can be accounted for formally if apposition is viewed as a semantic, pragmatic, and syntactic relation. Linguists and grammarians have had difficulty defining apposition mainly because they see it as primarily a syntactic relation. Sopher (1971:412) remarks that apposition is &dquo;a grammatical category distinct from both co-ordination and subordination&dquo;. Quirk et al. (1972:620) maintain that apposition is more like coordination because &dquo;typically the two or more units in apposition are constituents of the same level&dquo;. And although Matthews (1981:224 f.) argues that apposition is a type of juxtaposition, he notes instances where it is more like coordination, complementation, modification, and parataxis. Matthews’ difficulty classifying apposition syntactically is one indication that it may not be a syntactic relation, and indeed there is evidence to show that it is not simply a syntactic relation. For instance, one test for apposition is that U2 can usually be introduced by a marker of apposition, a word or phrase such as namely or that is. As the sentences below illustrate, however, there are no syntactic
TL;DR: Crude plant cell protein extracts prepared from wheat germ are inactive for in vitro transcription by RNA polymerase II, but these extracts do, however, have correct initiation of transcription by RNase II.
Abstract: Crude plant cell protein extracts prepared from wheat germ are inactive for in vitro transcription by RNA polymerase II. These extracts do, however, have correct initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Initiation is monitored by measuring the formation of transcription complexes in vitro. A nuclear extract produces more initiation events than a whole cell extract or a cytosol extract. Some factors necessary for initiation can be separated from other proteins, including inhibitors, by ion exchange column chromatography. One specific fraction is sufficient for the formation of transcription complexes and several other fractions may be stimulatory or accessory factors.
TL;DR: The interdisciplinary activity between psychology and linguistics, known as psycholinguistics, may offer a unique case study in integrat ing two sciences because parallel episodes of psychology emerged independently and produced parallel topics and theories as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The interdisciplinary activity between psychology and linguistics, known as psycholinguistics, may offer a unique case study in integrat ing two sciences because parallel episodes of psycholinguistics emer ged independently and produced parallel topics and theories. One episode came around the turn of the century, primarily in Europe; the other came in the 1960s, primarily in the United States. They were mirror images of each other, as I hope to point out in this review. The two episodes the early and the recent psycholinguistics were separated by more than just a few decades; they were also separated by the behaviorist movement in the social sciences, by the shift of academic dominance from German to American universities, and by a lapse of contacts between European and American scholars in this field. All but our most recent histories of psychology (and all of our introductory textbooks) still reflect behaviorist and American inter pretations of psychology's past, an historical treatment of the field that left later psycholinguists unaware of the earlier psycholinguists whose work they duplicated. Thus the whims of history provide an opportunity to study an interdisciplinary activity that arose twice, independently, at different times and places. In making comparisons between the two we may find generalities about interdisciplinary activity that are independent of time, place, and culture. I will speak mostly about the early period of psycholinguistics, though I will draw comparisons with the later period which is the focus of Arthur Reber's paper following mine.
TL;DR: An approach to selection decisions where some or all of the available information may be qualitative as well as incomplete is presented, and appropriate mappings which accomplish this task are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured molar conductivities at 29815 K for symmetric quaternary ammonium picrates, R4NPic, with R equal to C 1 to C 5 as well as for potassium picrate in propylene carbonate.
TL;DR: In this article, the idea of the therapeutic manual is introduced, and principles for writing material which may foster movement toward recovery among individuals who have experienced traumatic loss are offered. An example of the application of these principles is provided in the form of a booklet for parents of children killed by drunken drivers.
Abstract: The idea of the therapeutic manual is introduced. Principles are offered for writing material which may foster movement toward recovery among individuals who have experienced traumatic loss. An example of the application of these principles is provided in the form of a booklet for parents of children killed by drunken drivers.
TL;DR: This paper presents heuristics for the travelling salesman location problem on the plane with rectilinear or Euclidean distances and shows a polynomial heuristic which produces solutions that are at most 50% worse than the optimal solution.
TL;DR: The vision of ant urban renewal, cleansing, and purification of a fundamentally disordered and polluted city, and guided their actions in four main areas: (1) opposition to commercial and industrial development; (2) historic preservation and restoration; (3) beautification greening; (4) political reform as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Middle-Class Professionals Who Gentrified a New York City neighborhood during the 1960s and 1970s possessed a coherent vision of community improvement that guided their civic activity. Drawing on many long-standing Western ant urban notions, their vision centered on themes of renewal, cleansing, and purification of a fundamentally disordered and polluted city, and guided their actions in four main areas: (1) opposition to commercial and industrial development; (2) historic preservation and restoration; (3) beautification greening, and celebration of the "natural"; and (4) political reform. Current urban economic trends in North America, particularly the shift from manufacturing to service-based economies, support the appearance of this ideology and the associated gentrification practices, [gentrification, housing, New York]
TL;DR: The TESOL Quarterly as mentioned in this paper provides evaluative reviews of publications of relevance to TESO professionals, including textbooks and reference materials, including computer and video software, testing instruments, and other forms of nonprint materials.
Abstract: The TESOL Quarterly welcomes evaluative reviews of publications of relevance to TESOL professionals. In addition to textbooks and reference materials, these include computer and video software, testing instruments, and other forms of nonprint materials.
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: In this paper, two recirculating microcosms were used to study the fate of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) benz(a)anthracene (BA) near the sediment-water interface.
TL;DR: In this article, a low-pressure polishing procedure was developed where a GaAs wafer was immersed in a polishing solution of NaOCl and rotated with a speed of 6500 rpm.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the role of the silent salesmen in impulse buying and suggest that their skills cannot be ignored and cannot be predicted or even encouraged by the consumer.
Abstract: Impulse buying — can it be predicted or even encouraged? Merchandisers are known as the “silent salesmen” and their skills cannot be ignored.