Showing papers by "University of Massachusetts Boston published in 2018"
01 Dec 2018
TL;DR: Preliminary performance data on a subset of TPC-H is presented and it is shown that the system the team is building, C-Store, is substantially faster than popular commercial products.
Abstract: This paper presents the design of a read-optimized relational DBMS that contrasts sharply with most current systems, which are write-optimized. Among the many differences in its design are: storage of data by column rather than by row, careful coding and packing of objects into storage including main memory during query processing, storing an overlapping collection of column-oriented projections, rather than the current fare of tables and indexes, a non-traditional implementation of transactions which includes high availability and snapshot isolation for read-only transactions, and the extensive use of bitmap indexes to complement B-tree structures.We present preliminary performance data on a subset of TPC-H and show that the system we are building, C-Store, is substantially faster than popular commercial products. Hence, the architecture looks very encouraging.
1,063 citations
TL;DR: This publication marks a historical moment-the first inclusion of qualitative research in APA Style, which is the basis of both the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA, 2010) andAPA Style CENTRAL, an online program to support APA style.
Abstract: The American Psychological Association Publications and Communications Board Working Group on Journal Article Reporting Standards for Qualitative Research (JARS-Qual Working Group) was charged with examining the state of journal article reporting standards as they applied to qualitative research and with generating recommendations for standards that would be appropriate for a wide range of methods within the discipline of psychology. These standards describe what should be included in a research report to enable and facilitate the review process. This publication marks a historical moment-the first inclusion of qualitative research in APA Style, which is the basis of both the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA, 2010) and APA Style CENTRAL, an online program to support APA Style. In addition to the general JARS-Qual guidelines, the Working Group has developed standards for both qualitative meta-analysis and mixed methods research. The reporting standards were developed for psychological qualitative research but may hold utility for a broad range of social sciences. They honor a range of qualitative traditions, methods, and reporting styles. The Working Group was composed of a group of researchers with backgrounds in varying methods, research topics, and approaches to inquiry. In this article, they present these standards and their rationale, and they detail the ways that the standards differ from the quantitative research reporting standards. They describe how the standards can be used by authors in the process of writing qualitative research for submission as well as by reviewers and editors in the process of reviewing research. (PsycINFO Database Record
982 citations
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation1, University of Louisville2, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences3, Karolinska Institutet4, University of Queensland5, Centre for Mental Health6, Tehran University of Medical Sciences7, University of KwaZulu-Natal8, South African Medical Research Council9, University of Colorado Boulder10, University of California, Irvine11, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center12, Montefiore Medical Center13, Northeastern University14, University of Alabama at Birmingham15, Brown University16, San Diego State University17, University of Melbourne18, Albert Einstein College of Medicine19, Cambridge Health Alliance20, University of Pittsburgh21, University of Cape Town22, Johns Hopkins University23, Case Western Reserve University24, Marshall University25, University of London26, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign27, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre28, Harvard University29, University of California, San Diego30, Yale University31, Veterans Health Administration32, Georgetown University33, Jackson State University34, University of Massachusetts Boston35, State University of New York System36, Simmons College37, University of California, Los Angeles38, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science39, University of Oxford40, Norwegian Institute of Public Health41, Curtin University42, Pacific Institute43, Heidelberg University44, Jimma University45, Northwestern University46, Washington University in St. Louis47, Howard University48, University of New Mexico49, University at Buffalo50, University of Washington51, University of South Florida52, Tufts University53, University of Rochester Medical Center54, Kosin University55, Central South University56, Michigan State University57, Ball State University58, Nova Southeastern University59, Dalhousie University60, Mayo Clinic61, University of British Columbia62, Ohio State University63, Baylor University64, Jagiellonian University Medical College65, Wrocław Medical University66, Dartmouth College67, University of Western Ontario68, Oregon Health & Science University69, Virginia Commonwealth University70, Columbia University71, University of Canberra72, Aga Khan University73
TL;DR: There are wide differences in the burden of disease at the state level and specific diseases and risk factors, such as drug use disorders, high BMI, poor diet, high fasting plasma glucose level, and alcohol use disorders are increasing and warrant increased attention.
Abstract: Introduction Several studies have measured health outcomes in the United States, but none have provided a comprehensive assessment of patterns of health by state. Objective To use the results of the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) to report trends in the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors at the state level from 1990 to 2016. Design and Setting A systematic analysis of published studies and available data sources estimates the burden of disease by age, sex, geography, and year. Main Outcomes and Measures Prevalence, incidence, mortality, life expectancy, healthy life expectancy (HALE), years of life lost (YLLs) due to premature mortality, years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 causes and 84 risk factors with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were computed. Results Between 1990 and 2016, overall death rates in the United States declined from 745.2 (95% UI, 740.6 to 749.8) per 100 000 persons to 578.0 (95% UI, 569.4 to 587.1) per 100 000 persons. The probability of death among adults aged 20 to 55 years declined in 31 states and Washington, DC from 1990 to 2016. In 2016, Hawaii had the highest life expectancy at birth (81.3 years) and Mississippi had the lowest (74.7 years), a 6.6-year difference. Minnesota had the highest HALE at birth (70.3 years), and West Virginia had the lowest (63.8 years), a 6.5-year difference. The leading causes of DALYs in the United States for 1990 and 2016 were ischemic heart disease and lung cancer, while the third leading cause in 1990 was low back pain, and the third leading cause in 2016 was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Opioid use disorders moved from the 11th leading cause of DALYs in 1990 to the 7th leading cause in 2016, representing a 74.5% (95% UI, 42.8% to 93.9%) change. In 2016, each of the following 6 risks individually accounted for more than 5% of risk-attributable DALYs: tobacco consumption, high body mass index (BMI), poor diet, alcohol and drug use, high fasting plasma glucose, and high blood pressure. Across all US states, the top risk factors in terms of attributable DALYs were due to 1 of the 3 following causes: tobacco consumption (32 states), high BMI (10 states), or alcohol and drug use (8 states). Conclusions and Relevance There are wide differences in the burden of disease at the state level. Specific diseases and risk factors, such as drug use disorders, high BMI, poor diet, high fasting plasma glucose level, and alcohol use disorders are increasing and warrant increased attention. These data can be used to inform national health priorities for research, clinical care, and policy.
962 citations
TL;DR: A process model is inductively derived that aims to describe and explain how SME entrepreneurs, with support from the digital platform service provider, drive digital transformation through managerial cognition renewal, managerial social capital development, business team building, and organizational capability building.
Abstract: This research investigates how entrepreneurs of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) with inadequate capabilities and limited resources drove digital transformation in their companies, a phenomenon that remains under-researched in the extant literature. We conduct qualitative research on digital transformation to cross-border e-commerce undergone by 7 SMEs on the Alibaba digital platform. We inductively derive a process model that aims to describe and explain how SME entrepreneurs, with support from the digital platform service provider, drive digital transformation through managerial cognition renewal, managerial social capital development, business team building, and organizational capability building. This model expands our understanding of both digital entrepreneurship and digital transformation. It also presents new insights into how digital platform service providers can help SMEs transform and compete.
515 citations
TL;DR: The research uses the USDA's Common Land Units to aggregate spectral information for each field based on a time-series Landsat image data stack to largely overcome the cloud contamination issue while exploiting a machine learning model based on Deep Neural Network and high-performance computing for intelligent and scalable computation of classification processes.
299 citations
Christopher J L Murray1, Charlton S K H Callender1, Xie Rachel Kulikoff1, Vinay Srinivasan1 +1092 more•Institutions (424)
TL;DR: This work estimated population in 195 locations by single year of age and single calendar year from 1950 to 2017 with standardised and replicable methods and used the cohort-component method of population projection, with inputs of fertility, mortality, population, and migration data.
287 citations
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation1, University of Washington2, Jimma University3, Cairo University4, University of Western Australia5, University of Cartagena6, Karolinska Institutet7, Mekelle University8, Public Health Foundation of India9, University of Gondar10, University of Belgrade11, Harvard University12, Jazan University13, University of Oxford14, University of São Paulo15, University of Valencia16, Kazakh National Medical University17, University of Peradeniya18, International Institute for Population Sciences19, University of the Philippines Manila20, University of Louisville21, Auckland University of Technology22, Catholic University of Portugal23, Wageningen University and Research Centre24, University of Massachusetts Boston25, Mizan–Tepi University26, Debre markos University27, Tehran University of Medical Sciences28, New York Medical College29, Islamic University30, Ball State University31, Northeastern University32, Brown University33, Uppsala University34, University of Haifa35, Mansoura University36, Chinese Academy of Sciences37, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg38, United Nations Population Fund39, National Institutes of Health40, University of Melbourne41, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy42, Ahmadu Bello University43, Columbia University44, University of Ibadan45, University of British Columbia46, BRAC47, University of Sydney48, University of Maragheh49, University of KwaZulu-Natal50, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina51, University of Western Ontario52, Addis Ababa University53, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research54, Jagiellonian University Medical College55, University of Copenhagen56, Cleveland Clinic57, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona58, National Research University – Higher School of Economics59, Norwegian Institute of Public Health60, Royal Children's Hospital61, King's College London62, Nanjing University63, University of Mississippi Medical Center64, University of Hong Kong65, Kyoto University66, Jackson State University67, Wuhan University68
TL;DR: Large disparities in total burden of CVD persist between US states despite marked improvements in CVD burden, and increases in risk-deleted CVD DALY rates between 2006 and 2016 in 16 states suggest additional unmeasured risks beyond these traditional factors.
Abstract: Importance Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States, but regional variation within the United States is large. Comparable and consistent state-level measures of total CVD burden and risk factors have not been produced previously. Objective To quantify and describe levels and trends of lost health due to CVD within the United States from 1990 to 2016 as well as risk factors driving these changes. Design, Setting, and Participants Using the Global Burden of Disease methodology, cardiovascular disease mortality, nonfatal health outcomes, and associated risk factors were analyzed by age group, sex, and year from 1990 to 2016 for all residents in the United States using standardized approaches for data processing and statistical modeling. Burden of disease was estimated for 10 groupings of CVD, and comparative risk analysis was performed. Data were analyzed from August 2016 to July 2017. Exposures Residing in the United States. Main Outcomes and Measures Cardiovascular disease disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results Between 1990 and 2016, age-standardized CVD DALYs for all states decreased. Several states had large rises in their relative rank ordering for total CVD DALYs among states, including Arkansas, Oklahoma, Alabama, Kentucky, Missouri, Indiana, Kansas, Alaska, and Iowa. The rate of decline varied widely across states, and CVD burden increased for a small number of states in the most recent years. Cardiovascular disease DALYs remained twice as large among men compared with women. Ischemic heart disease was the leading cause of CVD DALYs in all states, but the second most common varied by state. Trends were driven by 12 groups of risk factors, with the largest attributable CVD burden due to dietary risk exposures followed by high systolic blood pressure, high body mass index, high total cholesterol level, high fasting plasma glucose level, tobacco smoking, and low levels of physical activity. Increases in risk-deleted CVD DALY rates between 2006 and 2016 in 16 states suggest additional unmeasured risks beyond these traditional factors. Conclusions and Relevance Large disparities in total burden of CVD persist between US states despite marked improvements in CVD burden. Differences in CVD burden are largely attributable to modifiable risk exposures.
261 citations
Goddard Space Flight Center1, University of Maryland, College Park2, University of Massachusetts Boston3, Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere4, Marshall Space Flight Center5, University of Alabama in Huntsville6, Yale University7, Universities Space Research Association8, United States Forest Service9, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez10, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras11, Columbia University12, German Aerospace Center13
TL;DR: The Black Marble nighttime lights product suite (VNP46) is available at 500m resolution since January 2012 with data from the VISible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Day/Night Band (DNB) onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Platform (SNPP) as discussed by the authors, which utilizes all high-quality, cloud-free, atmospheric-, terrain-, vegetation-, snow-, lunar-, and stray light-corrected radiances to estimate daily nighttime lights (NTL) and other intrinsic surface optical properties.
250 citations
Goddard Space Flight Center1, University of Maine2, United States Naval Research Laboratory3, Universities Space Research Association4, University of Massachusetts Boston5, University of California, Santa Barbara6, Bowdoin College7, University of California, San Diego8, Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute9, City College of New York10, University of North Dakota11
TL;DR: A synopsis of the current state of the art in the retrieval of core optical properties from satellite ocean color is presented and recommendations for future investment for upcoming missions whose instrument characteristics diverge sufficiently from heritage and existing sensors to warrant reassessing current approaches are made.
220 citations
TL;DR: A broadband, nonvolatile on-chip switch design in the telecommunication C-band with record low loss and crosstalk and a nonperturbative design that enables low-loss device operation beyond the classical figure-of-merit (FOM) limit is proposed.
Abstract: In this Letter, we propose a broadband, nonvolatile on-chip switch design in the telecommunication C-band with record low loss and crosstalk. The unprecedented device performance builds on: 1) a new optical phase change material (O-PCM) Ge2Sb2Se4Te1 (GSST), which exhibits significantly reduced optical attenuation compared to traditional O-PCMs, and 2) a nonperturbative design that enables low-loss device operation beyond the classical figure-of-merit (FOM) limit. We further demonstrate that the 1-by-2 and 2-by-2 switches can serve as basic building blocks to construct nonblocking and nonvolatile on-chip switching fabric supporting arbitrary numbers of input and output ports.
212 citations
University College London1, University of Massachusetts Boston2, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis3, Leiden University4, University of North Carolina at Greensboro5, National University of Singapore6, Columbia University7, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research8, Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency9, Utrecht University10
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss a five-nodes definition of a nexus and propose perspectives that may lead to a reload of climate policy with buy-in from supply-chain managers and resource-rich developing countries.
Abstract: Debate around increasing demand for natural resources is often framed in terms of a ‘nexus’, which is perhaps at risk of becoming a buzz word. A nexus between what? Over what scales? And what are the consequences of such a nexus? This article analyses why readers should care about the nexus concept in relation to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We discuss a five-nodes definition and propose perspectives that may lead to a reload of climate policy with buy-in from supply-chain managers and resource-rich developing countries. Our research perspectives address modelling approaches and scenarios at the interface of bio-physical inputs and the human dimensions of security and governance.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the role of small entrepreneurial companies and their partnerships with large corporations to advance the circular economy (CE) and found that despite the lack of federal regulations in the U.S., a growing number of corporations are partnering with entrepreneurs to reduce waste and advance product reuse.
TL;DR: The results indicate that CNNs are a valid alternative to existing approaches in patient phenotyping and cohort identification, and should be further investigated, and the deep learning approach presented in this paper can be used to assist clinicians during chart review or support the extraction of billing codes from text by identifying and highlighting relevant phrases for various medical conditions.
Abstract: In secondary analysis of electronic health records, a crucial task consists in correctly identifying the patient cohort under investigation. In many cases, the most valuable and relevant information for an accurate classification of medical conditions exist only in clinical narratives. Therefore, it is necessary to use natural language processing (NLP) techniques to extract and evaluate these narratives. The most commonly used approach to this problem relies on extracting a number of clinician-defined medical concepts from text and using machine learning techniques to identify whether a particular patient has a certain condition. However, recent advances in deep learning and NLP enable models to learn a rich representation of (medical) language. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) for text classification can augment the existing techniques by leveraging the representation of language to learn which phrases in a text are relevant for a given medical condition. In this work, we compare concept extraction based methods with CNNs and other commonly used models in NLP in ten phenotyping tasks using 1,610 discharge summaries from the MIMIC-III database. We show that CNNs outperform concept extraction based methods in almost all of the tasks, with an improvement in F1-score of up to 26 and up to 7 percentage points in area under the ROC curve (AUC). We additionally assess the interpretability of both approaches by presenting and evaluating methods that calculate and extract the most salient phrases for a prediction. The results indicate that CNNs are a valid alternative to existing approaches in patient phenotyping and cohort identification, and should be further investigated. Moreover, the deep learning approach presented in this paper can be used to assist clinicians during chart review or support the extraction of billing codes from text by identifying and highlighting relevant phrases for various medical conditions.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate that the Collection V006 MODIS BRDF/NBAR/Albedo product retrieved every day captures significantly more seasonal vegetation dynamics and rapid land surface changes.
TL;DR: In this paper, optically pumped GeSn alloys were grown using newly developed approaches with an industry standard chemical vapor deposition reactor and low-cost commercially available precursors, achieving a maximum Sn composition of 17.5% exceeding the generally acknowledged Sn incorporation limits found with similar deposition chemistries.
Abstract: A Si-based monolithic laser is strongly desired for the full integration of Si-photonics. Lasing from the direct bandgap group-IV GeSn alloy has opened a new avenue, different from the hybrid III–V-on-Si integration approach. We demonstrated optically pumped GeSn lasers on Si with broad wavelength coverage from 2 to 3 μm. The GeSn alloys were grown using newly developed approaches with an industry standard chemical vapor deposition reactor and low-cost commercially available precursors. The achieved maximum Sn composition of 17.5% exceeded the generally acknowledged Sn incorporation limits found with similar deposition chemistries. The highest lasing temperature was measured as 180 K with the active layer thickness as thin as 260 nm. The unprecedented lasing performance is mainly due to the unique growth approaches, which offer high-quality epitaxial materials. The results reported in this work show a major advance toward Si-based mid-infrared laser sources for integrated photonics.
TL;DR: A systematic review of mHealth interventions on process measures as well as health outcomes in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to improve chronic disease management found promising aspects, particularly in improving self-management and some health outcomes.
Abstract: Mobile health (mHealth) has continuously been used as a method in behavioral research to improve self-management in patients with chronic diseases. However, the evidence of its effectiveness in chronic disease management in the adult population is still lacking. We conducted a systematic review to examine the effectiveness of mHealth interventions on process measures as well as health outcomes in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to improve chronic disease management. Relevant randomized controlled studies that were published between January 2005 and March 2016 were searched in six databases: PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. The inclusion criteria were RCTs that conducted an intervention using mobile devices such as smartphones or tablets for adult patients with chronic diseases to examine disease management or health promotion. Of the 12 RCTs reviewed, 10 of the mHealth interventions demonstrated statistically significant improvement in some health outcomes. The most common features of mHealth systems used in the reviewed RCTs were real-time or regular basis symptom assessments, pre-programed reminders, or feedbacks tailored specifically to the data provided by participants via mHealth devices. Most studies developed their own mHealth systems including mobile apps. Training of mHealth systems was provided to participants in person or through paper-based instructions. None of the studies reported the relationship between health outcomes and patient engagement levels on the mHealth system. Findings from mHealth intervention studies for chronic disease management have shown promising aspects, particularly in improving self-management and some health outcomes.
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the progress in the development of metalenses is presented, where the working mechanisms of chromatic and achromatic metalenses are introduced. And the design principle of integrated-resonant units for correcting chromatic aberration of a metalens is discussed.
Abstract: DOI: 10.1002/adom.201800554 and optoelectronics. Metasurfaces as 2D artificial photonic structures are composed of subwavelength resonators (often referred to as meta-atoms).[1–8] The optical responses/functionalities of metasurfaces can be tailored by choosing the proper geometrical parameters of these metaatoms.[9–14] They have been applied to realize ultrathin invisible cloaking,[15] metahologram,[16–20] surface plasmon launchers,[21–23] compact nonlinear devices,[24–28] nanolasers,[29–34] and many novel compact photonic devices.[11,35–57] Among all the promising applications of metasurfaces, planar metalenses with superior performance and functionalities over their conventional counterparts are definitely one of the most exciting and important research areas. This is because metasurface lenses (metalenses) can not only show better optical functionalities but also allow for much more compact device design than the conventional high-end objective lenses. In this article, we will review the progress in the development of metalenses. This article is organized into three major parts. First, the working mechanisms of chromatic and achromatic metalenses will be introduced. The design principle of integrated-resonant units for correcting chromatic aberration of a metalens will be discussed. Second, novel applications of metalenses mentioned in the first part for full color imaging, sensing, and spectroscopy will be reviewed. After the discussion of the passive metalenses, the emerging tunable metalenses and their applications will be surveyed, followed by concluding remarks on future prospects.
Pennsylvania State University1, United States Geological Survey2, Old Dominion University3, University of Washington4, University of Delaware5, Virginia Institute of Marine Science6, University of Massachusetts Boston7, Texas A&M University8, Goddard Space Flight Center9, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center10, Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi11, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science12, Virginia Commonwealth University13, Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory14, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth15, University of New Hampshire16, Auburn University17, City College of New York18, University of Connecticut19, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution20
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors constructed a regional carbon budget for Eastern North America using historical data, empirical models, remote-sensing algorithms, and process-based models, showing that coastal carbon budgets should explicitly include tidal wetlands, estuaries, shelf waters and the linkages between them; ignoring any of them may produce a biased picture of coastal carbon cycling.
Abstract: Carbon cycling in the coastal zone affects global carbon budgets and is critical for understanding the urgent issues of hypoxia, acidification, and tidal wetland loss. However, there are no regional carbon budgets spanning the three main ecosystems in coastal waters: tidal wetlands, estuaries, and shelf waters. Here, we construct such a budget for Eastern North America using historical data, empirical models, remote-sensing algorithms, and process-based models. Considering the net fluxes of total carbon at the domain boundaries, 59 ± 12% (± 2 standard errors) of the carbon entering is from rivers and 41 ± 12% is from the atmosphere, while 80 ± 9% of the carbon leaving is exported to the open ocean and 20 ± 9% is buried. Net lateral carbon transfers between the three main ecosystem types are comparable to fluxes at the domain boundaries. Each ecosystem type contributes substantially to exchange with the atmosphere, with CO2 uptake split evenly between tidal wetlands and shelf waters, and estuarine CO2 outgassing offsetting half of the uptake. Similarly, burial is about equal in tidal wetlands and shelf waters, while estuaries play a smaller but still substantial role. The importance of tidal wetlands and estuaries in the overall budget is remarkable given that they respectively make up only 2.4 and 8.9% of the study domain area. This study shows that coastal carbon budgets should explicitly include tidal wetlands, estuaries, shelf waters and the linkages between them; ignoring any of them may produce a biased picture of coastal carbon cycling.
TL;DR: A concerning discrepancy is identified between oncologists' self-reported knowledge base and their beliefs and practices regarding MM, which suggests critical gaps in research, medical education, and policy regarding MM.
Abstract: BackgroundAlthough almost every state medical marijuana (MM) law identifies cancer as a qualifying condition, little research supports MM’s use in oncology. We hypothesized that the discrepancy between these laws and the scientific evidence base poses clinical challenges for oncologists. Oncologists’ beliefs, knowledge, and practices regarding MM were examined in this study.MethodsIn November 2016, we mailed a survey on MM to a nationally-representative, random sample of 400 medical oncologists. Main outcome measures included whether oncologists reported discussing MM with patients, recommended MM clinically in the past year, or felt sufficiently informed to make such recommendations. The survey also queried oncologists’ views on MM’s comparative effectiveness for several conditions (including its use as an adjunct to standard pain management strategies) and its risks compared with prescription opioids. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using standard statistical techniques.ResultsThe ove...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore the potential role of social media in helping movements expand and/or strengthen themselves internally, processes referred to as scaling up, and draw on a case study of B...
Abstract: In this article, we explore the potential role of social media in helping movements expand and/or strengthen themselves internally, processes we refer to as scaling up. Drawing on a case study of B...
Luleå University of Technology1, Nvidia2, California Institute of Technology3, Carnegie Mellon University4, University of Cincinnati5, University of London6, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory7, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare8, CERN9, Argonne National Laboratory10, University of Freiburg11, New York University12, Duke University13, Fermilab14, RWTH Aachen University15, University of Zurich16, University of Texas at Arlington17, Southern Methodist University18, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne19, University of Manchester20, University of Cambridge21, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology22, University of Florida23, Centre national de la recherche scientifique24, University of Geneva25, Louisiana Tech University26, Purdue University27, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign28, Max Planck Society29, University of Milan30, Intel31, Brookhaven National Laboratory32, University of Bristol33, Russian Academy of Sciences34, Cornell University35, University of Notre Dame36, University of Melbourne37, University of California, Berkeley38, University of Milano-Bicocca39, Vrije Universiteit Brussel40, Brown University41, National Center for Supercomputing Applications42, Yale University43, University of Alabama44, University of Massachusetts Boston45, Princeton University46, Florida State University47, Indiana University48, College of William & Mary49, University of California, Santa Cruz50, Rice University51, University of Paris52, University of Oklahoma53, Masaryk University54, University of Glasgow55, Radboud University Nijmegen56, Altair Engineering57, Ohio Supercomputer Center58, Yandex59, Technical University of Košice60, Gangneung–Wonju National University61, University of Rochester62, University of Barcelona63, University of Chicago64, University of Washington65, Massachusetts Institute of Technology66, Chinese Academy of Sciences67, University of Antioquia68
TL;DR: Machine learning is an important applied research area in particle physics, beginning with applications to high-level physics analysis in the 1990s and 2000s, followed by an explosion of applicatio ...
Abstract: Machine learning is an important applied research area in particle physics, beginning with applications to high-level physics analysis in the 1990s and 2000s, followed by an explosion of applications in particle and event identification and reconstruction in the 2010s. In this document we discuss promising future research and development areas in machine learning in particle physics with a roadmap for their implementation, software and hardware resource requirements, collaborative initiatives with the data science community, academia and industry, and training the particle physics community in data science. The main objective of the document is to connect and motivate these areas of research and development with the physics drivers of the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider and future neutrino experiments and identify the resource needs for their implementation. Additionally we identify areas where collaboration with external communities will be of great benefit.
TL;DR: This work explores quantum speed limits across the quantum-to-classical transition and identifies equivalent bounds in the classical world, and shows that speed limits exist for both quantum and classical systems.
Abstract: Quantum speed limits set an upper bound to the rate at which a quantum system can evolve. Adopting a phase-space approach, we explore quantum speed limits across the quantum-to-classical transition and identify equivalent bounds in the classical world. As a result, and contrary to common belief, we show that speed limits exist for both quantum and classical systems. As in the quantum domain, classical speed limits are set by a given norm of the generator of time evolution.
TL;DR: The results suggest that host recoveries are not caused by pathogen attenuation and may be due to shifts in host responses, which provide insights into the mechanisms underlying disease transitions, which are increasingly important to understand in an era of emerging infectious diseases and unprecedented global pandemics.
Abstract: Infectious diseases rarely end in extinction. Yet the mechanisms that explain how epidemics subside are difficult to pinpoint. We investigated host-pathogen interactions after the emergence of a lethal fungal pathogen in a tropical amphibian assemblage. Some amphibian host species are recovering, but the pathogen is still present and is as pathogenic today as it was almost a decade ago. In addition, some species have defenses that are more effective now than they were before the epidemic. These results suggest that host recoveries are not caused by pathogen attenuation and may be due to shifts in host responses. Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying disease transitions, which are increasingly important to understand in an era of emerging infectious diseases and unprecedented global pandemics.
TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive evaluation of the LSP product derived from VISible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) data using both MODIS LSP products and observations from the PhenoCam network across the Contiguous United States during 2013 and 2014 was performed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the current mechanistic understanding of Mn-based CO2 reduction pre-catalysts, from the point of view of both computational modeling and experimental techniques.
TL;DR: The findings indicated that the presence of a natural mentor was significantly associated with positive youth outcomes and the quality of the natural mentoring relationship, which may indicate that natural mentors are generally beneficial for all youth regardless of risk‐status.
Abstract: In this meta‐analytic review, we examined the relation between natural mentoring and youth outcomes in four domains: academic and vocational functioning, social‐emotional development, physical health, and psychosocial problems. Natural mentoring relationships are thought to foster positive youth development and buffer against the risks associated with the tumultuous years of adolescence. Two separate meta‐analyses were conducted on the presence of a natural mentor and the quality of the natural mentoring relationship, including thirty studies from 1992 to present. The findings indicated that the presence of a natural mentor was significantly associated with positive youth outcomes (r = .106). A larger effect size was found for the quality of the natural mentoring relationship in terms of relatedness, social support, and autonomy support (r = .208). The largest effect sizes were found for social‐emotional development and academic and vocational functioning. Risk‐status (e.g., teenage mothers, homeless youth, youth in foster care, and youth of alcoholic parents) did not moderate the relation between presence and quality of natural mentoring relationships and youth outcomes, which may indicate that natural mentors are generally beneficial for all youth regardless of risk‐status. Implications for theory and practice concerning the quality of the natural mentoring relationship are discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors use aerial photography recorded from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to observe plant phenology over a large area and across diverse communities, with spatial and temporal resolution at the scale of individual tree crowns and their phenophase transition events (10m spatial resolution, ∼5-day temporal resolution in spring, weekly in autumn).
TL;DR: This work suggests ways that the Conference of the Parties of the CBD may proactively engage scientists to create a regulatory environment conducive to advancing biodiversity science.
Abstract: The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) commits its 196 nation parties to conserve biological diversity, use its components sustainably, and share fairly and equitably the benefits from the utilization of genetic resources. The last of these objectives was further codified in the Convention's Nagoya Protocol (NP), which came into effect in 2014. Although these aspirations are laudable, the NP and resulting national ambitions on Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) of genetic resources have generated several national regulatory regimes fraught with unintended consequences ( 1 ). Anticipated benefits from the commercial use of genetic resources, especially those that might flow to local or indigenous communities because of regulated access to those resources, have largely been exaggerated and not yet realized. Instead, national regulations created in anticipation of commercial benefits, particularly in many countries that are rich in biodiversity, have curtailed biodiversity research by in-country scientists as well as international collaboration ( 1 ). This weakens the first and foremost objective of the CBD—conservation of biological diversity. We suggest ways that the Conference of the Parties (CoP) of the CBD may proactively engage scientists to create a regulatory environment conducive to advancing biodiversity science.
TL;DR: Investigation of a novel intervention that focuses on the development of skills and attitudes to empower first-generation college students to cultivate social capital and on-campus connections during the transition to college indicated that students who participated in the intervention demonstrated improved attitudes and behaviors around seeking support in college.
Abstract: Social capital plays a key role in college and career success, and research indicates that a dearth of on-campus connections contributes to challenges first-generation college students face in effectively navigating the college environment. This study investigates a novel intervention that focuses on the development of skills and attitudes to empower first-generation college students to cultivate social capital and on-campus connections during the transition to college. A mixed methods, explanatory design was used to evaluate impacts and processes of the intervention among first-generation college students (n = 164) in the context of an ethnically diverse, urban, public university in the Northeast. Results indicated that students who participated in the intervention demonstrated improved attitudes and behaviors around seeking support in college, closer relationships with instructors, and higher GPAs at the end of their first year in college. These results suggest the potential benefits of a relatively scalable approach to supporting the needs of first-generation college students.
TL;DR: In this article, a superadiabatic stroke with a trapped unitary Fermi gas as a working substance was shown to suppress friction in quantum thermodynamics, and the equivalence between the superadi-abatic work and its adiabatic value was established.
Abstract: Optimal performance of thermal machines is reached by suppressing friction. Friction in quantum thermodynamics results from fast driving schemes that generate nonadiabatic excitations. The far-from-equilibrium dynamics of quantum devices can be tailored by shortcuts to adiabaticity to suppress quantum friction. We experimentally demonstrate friction-free superadiabatic strokes with a trapped unitary Fermi gas as a working substance and establish the equivalence between the superadiabatic work and its adiabatic value.