Institution
University of Massachusetts Boston
Education•Boston, Massachusetts, United States•
About: University of Massachusetts Boston is a education organization based out in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 6541 authors who have published 12918 publications receiving 411731 citations. The organization is also known as: UMass Boston.
Topics: Population, Health care, Poison control, Mental health, Higher education
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: A very large literature by evolutionary biologists suggests that the atypical patterns of gene expression in spermatogenic cells are the consequence of the powerful and unusual selective pressures on male reproductive success.
Abstract: Translational regulation is a fundamental aspect of the atypical patterns of gene expression in mammalian meiotic and haploid spermatogenic cells. Every mRNA is at least partially translationally repressed in meiotic and haploid spermatogenic cells, but the extent of repression of individual mRNA species is regulated individually and varies greatly. Many mRNA species, such as protamine mRNAs, are stored in translationally repressed free-mRNPs in early haploid cells and translated actively in late haploid cells. However, translation does not regulate developmental expression of all mRNAs. Some mRNAs appear to be partially repressed for the entire period that the mRNA is expressed in meiotic and haploid cells, while other mRNAs, some of which are expressed at high levels, are almost totally inactivated in free-mRNPs and/or generate little or no protein. This distinctive phenomenon can be explained by the hypothesis that translational repression is used to prevent the potentionally deleterious effects of overproduction of proteins encoded by overexpressed mRNAs. Translational regulation also appears to be frequently altered by the widespread usage of alternative transcription start sites in spermatogenic cells. Many ubiquitously expressed genes generate novel transcripts in somatic spermatogenic cells containing elements, uORFs and secondary structure that are inhibitory to mRNA translation, while the ribosomal proten L32 mRNA lacks a repressive element that is present in somatic cells. Very little is known about the mechanisms that regulate mRNA translation in spermatogenic cells, largely because few labs have utilized in vivo genetic approaches, although there have been important insights into the repression and activation of protamine 1 mRNA, and the role of Y-box proteins and poly(A) lengthening in mRNA-specific translational activation mediated by the cytoplasmic poly(A) element binding protein and a testis-specific isoform of poly(A) polymerase. A very large literature by evolutionary biologists suggests that the atypical patterns of gene expression in spermatogenic cells are the consequence of the powerful and unusual selective pressures on male reproductive success.
132 citations
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TL;DR: Differences in chick growth and survival suggest that higher quality adults may be able to compensate for the disadvantages of late hatching dates and achieve similar reproductive success to that of pairs hatching chicks early, as well as supporting the parental quality hypothesis.
Abstract: Reproductive success declines over the course of the breeding season in many bird species. Two categories of hypothesis have been evoked to explain this decline. The “timing” hypothesis suggests that seasonal declines in breeding success are attributable to the date of laying. The “parental quality” hypothesis suggests that seasonal declines result from the fact that young, inexperienced, or low quality birds breed later in the season. To evaluate the relative importance of timing and parental quality, egg exchanges and removals were used to manipulate hatching dates of common terns Sterna hirundo. Indices of quality, attendance, provisioning rates, and reproductive success of birds in three experimental groups (delayed hatch pairs, advanced hatch pairs, and pairs induced to relay) were compared to those of date-matched controls. Pairs that hatched chicks early raised more chicks than pairs hatching chicks late in the season, regardless of initial laying date. This suggests that hatching chicks early is advantageous in itself. Our results, however, also support the parental quality hypothesis. There was a significant negative relationship between natural laying date and fledging success, independent of hatching date. Differences in chick growth and survival suggest that higher quality adults may be able to compensate for the disadvantages of late hatching dates and achieve similar reproductive success to that of pairs hatching chicks early. We found that pairs hatching chicks late in the season were subject to more incidents of kleptoparasitism than those hatching chicks early. This may be a proximate factor contributing to seasonal declines in reproductive success for common terns, although such a mechanism would not be likely in non-colonial species. Failure to control for egg quality may have biased the results of some prior egg exchange experiments. Additionally, altered cost of incubation may be an unavoidable confounding factor in studies designed to manipulate timing of breeding.
132 citations
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TL;DR: A survey of 537 dentists in Massachusetts showed that the majority were unaware of their legal and social responsibilities to report suspected cases of child abuse, and general practitioners saw a higher percentage of these cases and were more aware of their responsibilities than were general practitioners.
Abstract: Orofacial trauma was found in 49% of 260 documented cases of child abuse seen during of five-year period at the Children's Hospital Medical Center, Boston. An additional 16% of the cases involved head trauma; the total percentage of head and facial trauma was 65%. Head or facial trauma was the principal reason for admission to the hospital in 45% of the cases. A survey of 537 dentists in Massachusetts showed that the majority were unaware of their legal and social responsibilities to report suspected cases of child abuse. Eleven percent of all dentists surveyed saw orofacial trauma cases that were of a suspicious nature, by only 22 confirmed cases of child abuse were noted by the dentists. Of these, only four were reported to social agencies. In general, oral surgeons and pedodontists saw a higher percentage of these cases and were more aware of their responsibilities than were general practitioners.
131 citations
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TL;DR: The Northwest Forest Plan as discussed by the authors is a global example of land-use planning, established a decade after it was established to end the stalemate over logging and endangered species in the Pacific Northwest.
Abstract: Old-growth forest of the Hoh River Valley, Olympic National Park, Washington (U.S.A.). For decades the U.S. Pacific Norwest has been a center of controversy over logging and endangered species. This special section explores progress made by the Northwest Forest Plan?a global example of land-use planning?a decade after it was established to end the stalemate over logging and endangered species. Authors include some of the key architects involved in its creation and implementation. Photo by Kevin Schafer.
131 citations
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21 Aug 2000TL;DR: In this paper, a tubular skirt with an upper end, a lower end, and a channel is used to retract the edges of an incision in a surface to form an opening.
Abstract: A device for retracting edges of an incision in a surface to form an opening including: a flexible, tubular skirt having an upper end, a lower end, and a channel therebetween; a ring connected to the lower end of the skirt for maintaining the lower end in an open configuration and defining an exit opening to the channel; and an inflatable collar connected to the skirt and surrounding the upper end. The ring is designed to fit through the incision and remain under the surface when it is oriented parallel to surface. The collar, when inflated, maintains the upper end in an open configuration and defines an entry opening to the channel. During use, the ring is inserted through the incision and the collar is inflated while remaining outside of the incision, thereby drawing the skirt against the edges of the incision and retracting the edges of the incision to form the opening. The retracting device can be included in a surgical access port, which further includes a flexible sleeve connected to at least one of the inflatable collar and the skirt, extending the channel from the exit opening of the skirt to an open end of the flexible sleeve distal to the skirt. The device can include a light source in the vicinity of the exit opening.
131 citations
Authors
Showing all 6667 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Derek R. Lovley | 168 | 582 | 95315 |
Wei Li | 158 | 1855 | 124748 |
Susan E. Hankinson | 151 | 789 | 88297 |
Roger J. Davis | 147 | 498 | 103478 |
Thomas P. Russell | 141 | 1012 | 80055 |
George Alverson | 140 | 1653 | 105074 |
Robert H. Brown | 136 | 1174 | 79247 |
C. Dallapiccola | 136 | 1717 | 101947 |
Paul T. Costa | 133 | 406 | 88454 |
Robert R. McCrae | 132 | 313 | 90960 |
David Julian McClements | 131 | 1137 | 71123 |
Mauro Giavalisco | 128 | 412 | 69967 |
Benjamin Brau | 128 | 971 | 72704 |
Douglas T. Golenbock | 123 | 317 | 61267 |
Zhifeng Ren | 122 | 695 | 71212 |