scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Institution

University of Massachusetts Boston

EducationBoston, Massachusetts, United States
About: University of Massachusetts Boston is a education organization based out in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 6541 authors who have published 12918 publications receiving 411731 citations. The organization is also known as: UMass Boston.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the prevalence of VoI applications reported in the peer-reviewed literature from the years 1990-2011 and identified trends and patterns in them, and concluded with an interpretation of what these mean for researchers and practitioners as they pursue new efforts.
Abstract: The value of information (VoI) is a decision analytic method for quantifying the potential benefit of additional information in the face of uncertainty. This paper reviews the prevalence of VoI applications reported in the peer-reviewed literature from the years 1990–2011. We categorize papers’ applications across the types of uncertainties considered, modeling choices, and contexts of social importance (such as health care and environmental science). We obtain and analyze statistics on the range of applications and identify trends and patterns in them, and conclude with an interpretation of what these mean for researchers and practitioners as they pursue new efforts. Key results include a substantial increase over the last 20 years in published papers utilizing VoI, particularly in the medical field. Nineteen trends in VoI applications from the period of 1990–2000 to 2001–2011 were found to be at least weakly significant. Beyond simple trends, some characteristics of VoI usage depend on the area of application, and in some cases, certain sets of characteristics tend to be found together.

101 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A multifactorial intervention, administered by nurses, did not result in a significantly lower rate of a first adjudicated serious fall injury than enhanced usual care.
Abstract: Background Injuries from falls are major contributors to complications and death in older adults. Despite evidence from efficacy trials that many falls can be prevented, rates of falls res...

101 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the vertical migration of rhizosolenia mat and their significance to NO 3 fluxes in the central North Pacific gyre in order to determine large-scale distribution patterns and contribution to upward nitrogen (N) flux.
Abstract: Journal of Plankton Research Vol18 no7 pp1103-1121 19% Vertical migration of Rhizosolenia mats and their significance to NO 3 fluxes in the central North Pacific gyre Abstract Rhizosolenia mat abundance, distribution and chemical composition were studied on two cruises in the central North Pacific gyre in order to determine large-scale distribution patterns and contribution to upward nitrogen (N) flux These macroscopic diatom mats are composed of multiple species of Rhizosolenia that exploit subsurface nitrate pools by vertically migrating below the euphotic zone Although numerically dominated by the small-diameter species, Rfallax (73-95% of total num- bers), mat biovolume was dominated by large-diameter (>50 um diameter) Rhizosolenia spp (85-99% of total volume) Integrated mat abundance was substantially higher when mats accumulated at the surface during calm weather (£80 mats nv 2 ) than during windy periods (<231 mats m ! ), suggesting that many mats are found below diver-accessible depths Chemical composition data indicated that nega- tively buoyant mats were physiologically stressed compared to positively buoyant mats; negatively buoyant mats had significantly higher carbon (C):N ratios and carbohydrate per mat, and lower pro- teinxarbohydrate ratios and internal NO,- pools than positively buoyant mats These ratios suggest that N is a key determinant of buoyancy behavior, and are consistent with vertical migration by mats to exploit deep N pools The maximum ascent rate of mats was 64 m h ' with no relationship to mat size or biovolume Short-term O 2 evolution revealed no significant photoinhibition; conversion to C fixation yielded assimilation numbers of 47 and 73 ng C u,g-' chl h 1 in negatively buoyant and positively buoy- ant mats, respectively, although photosynthetic parameters were not statistically different between the two buoyancy classes Based on photosynthetic rates, ascent rates and estimated N uptake rates, we calculate that a complete migration cycle requires 36-54 days When combined with two different estimates of average abundance, we estimate that mats could transport 39-40 (imol N nr 2 day 1 into the euphotic zone Using the wide range of literature values for vertical diffusive transport, this represents < 1 -2000% of the NO, flux into the euphotic zone and the average equivalent of 3-35% of the new NO, consumed in the surface mixed layer Introduction The phytoplankton flora of the open sea contains very large (up to 10 p-m 3 ), rare, non-motile cells capable of positive buoyancy at rates of several meters per hour This buoyant flora contains representatives of the diatoms Ethmodiscus (Villareal, 1992) and Rhizosolenia (Villareal, 1988; Moore, 1994), the non-motile dinoflagel- late Pyrocystis (Kahn and Swift, 1978) and the prasinophyte Halosphaera (see Jen- kinson, 1986) Rhizosolenia mats, macroscopic assemblages of buoyant and non-buoyant Rhizosolenia spp reaching up to 30 cm in size (Carpenter et ai, 1977), can also ascend at rates of meters per hour (Villareal and Carpenter, 1989) Although noted from the warmer waters of all oceans, mats appear to be particu- larly abundant in the central North Pacific gyre (Villareal and Carpenter, 1989) Positive buoyancy by diatoms can only be achieved via density regulation and provides a clear advantage to cells in stratified, stable water columns where turbu- © Oxford University Press Downloaded from http://planktoxfordjournalsorg/ at University of California, Irvine on June 13, 2014 Tracy AVillareal, Samantha Woods, JKeith Moore 2 and Karen Culver- Rymsza 1 Environmental Sciences Program, University of Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125-3393 and 'Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI02881, USA Present address: College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, 104 Ocean Administration Building, Corvallis, OR 97331-5503, USA

101 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In patients with schizophrenia, LIFC underactivation and left superior temporal gyrus overactivation for semantically encoded words may reflect a disease-related disruption of a distributed frontal temporal network that is engaged in the representation and processing of meaning of words, text, and discourse and which may underlie schizophrenic thought disturbance.

101 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated 32 net primary productivity (NPP) models by assessing skills to reproduce inte-grated NPP in the Arctic Ocean and found that most of the models were not able to fully reproduce the variability of in situ NPP, whereas some of them exhibited almost no bias.
Abstract: We investigated 32 net primary productivity (NPP) models by assessing skills to reproduce inte- grated NPP in the Arctic Ocean. The models were provided with two sources each of surface chlorophyll-a concentration (chlorophyll), photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), sea surface temperature (SST), and mixed-layer depth (MLD). The models were most sensitive to uncertainties in surface chlorophyll, generally performing better with in situ chlorophyll than with satellite-derived values. They were much less sensitive to uncertainties in PAR, SST, and MLD, possibly due to relatively narrow ranges of input data and/or rela- tively little difference between input data sources. Regardless of type or complexity, most of the models were not able to fully reproduce the variability of in situ NPP, whereas some of them exhibited almost no bias (i.e., reproduced the mean of in situ NPP). The models performed relatively well in low-productivity sea- sons as well as in sea ice-covered/deep-water regions. Depth-resolved models correlated more with in situ NPP than other model types, but had a greater tendency to overestimate mean NPP whereas absorption- based models exhibited the lowest bias associated with weaker correlation. The models performed better when a subsurface chlorophyll-a maximum (SCM) was absent. As a group, the models overestimated mean NPP, however this was partly offset by some models underestimating NPP when a SCM was present. Our study suggests that NPP models need to be carefully tuned for the Arctic Ocean because most of the mod- els performing relatively well were those that used Arctic-relevant parameters.

101 citations


Authors

Showing all 6667 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Derek R. Lovley16858295315
Wei Li1581855124748
Susan E. Hankinson15178988297
Roger J. Davis147498103478
Thomas P. Russell141101280055
George Alverson1401653105074
Robert H. Brown136117479247
C. Dallapiccola1361717101947
Paul T. Costa13340688454
Robert R. McCrae13231390960
David Julian McClements131113771123
Mauro Giavalisco12841269967
Benjamin Brau12897172704
Douglas T. Golenbock12331761267
Zhifeng Ren12269571212
Network Information
Related Institutions (5)
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
185.3K papers, 9.9M citations

88% related

Rutgers University
159.4K papers, 6.7M citations

87% related

Boston University
119.6K papers, 6.2M citations

87% related

Arizona State University
109.6K papers, 4.4M citations

87% related

University of Washington
305.5K papers, 17.7M citations

86% related

Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202367
2022131
2021833
2020851
2019823
2018776