University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey

About: University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 14634 authors who have published 19610 publications receiving 1041794 citations.

The expanded family of class II cytokines that share the IL-10 receptor-2 (IL-10R2) chain

Abstract: Several novel interleukin (IL)-10-related cytokines have recently been discovered These include IL-22, IL-26, and the interferon-lambda (IFN-lambda) proteins IFN-lambda1 (IL-29), IFN-lambda2 (IL-28A), and IFN-lambda3 (IL-28B) The ligand-binding chains for IL-22, IL-26, and IFN-lambda are distinct from that used by IL-10; however, all of these cytokines use a common second chain, IL-10 receptor-2 (IL-10R2; CRF2-4), to assemble their active receptor complexes Thus, IL-10R2 is a shared component in at least four distinct class II cytokine-receptor complexes IL-10 binds to IL-10R1; IL-22 binds to IL-22R1; IL-26 binds to IL-20R1; and IFN-lambda binds to IFN-lambdaR1 (also known as IL-28R) The binding of these ligands to their respective R1 chains induces a conformational change that enables IL-10R2 to interact with the newly formed ligand-receptor complexes This in turn activates a signal-transduction cascade that results in rapid activation of several transcription factors, particularly signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 and to a lesser degree, STAT1 Activation by IL-10, IL-22, IL-26, or IFN-lambda can be blocked with neutralizing antibodies to the IL-10R2 chain Although IL-10R2 is broadly expressed on a wide variety of tissues, only a subset of these tissues expresses the ligand-binding R1 chains The receptors for these cytokines are often present on cell lines derived from various tumors, including liver, colorectal, and pancreatic carcinomas Consequently, the receptors for these cytokines may provide novel targets for inhibiting the growth of certain types of cancer

Turning of nerve growth cones induced by localized increases in intracellular calcium ions.

Abstract: Guidance of developing axons involves turning of the motile tip, the growth cone, in response to a variety of extracellular cues. Little is known about the intracellular mechanism by which the directional signal is transduced. Ca2+ is a key second messenger in growth cone extension and has been implicated in growth-cone turning. Here I report that a direct, spatially restricted elevation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) on one side of the growth cone by focal laser-induced photolysis (FLIP) of caged Ca2+ consistently induced turning of the growth cone to the side with elevated [Ca2+]i (attraction). Furthermore, when the resting [Ca2+]i at the growth cone was decreased by the removal of extracellular Ca2+, the same focal elevation of [Ca2+]i by FLIP induced repulsion. These results provide direct evidence that a localized Ca2+ signal in the growth cone can provide the intracellular directional cue for extension and is sufficient to initiate both attraction and repulsion. By integrating local and global Ca2+ signals, a growth cone could thus generate different turning responses under different environmental conditions during guidance.

Self-reported Weight Status and Dieting in a Cross-sectional Sample of Young Adolescents: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III

Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship of self-reported weight status and dieting to actual weight and height in a cross-sectional nationally representative sample of young adolescents. Methods Weights and heights were obtained on 1932 adolescents aged 12 to 16 years enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. Information on adolescents' perception of weight status, desired weight, and weight loss attempts was obtained by questionnaire. Results Adolescents' reports of whether they considered themselves overweight or normal weight correlated poorly with medical definitions of overweight: 52% of girls who considered themselves overweight were, in fact, normal weight (body mass index ≤85th percentile), while only 25% of boys who considered themselves overweight were normal weight (P Conclusions Significant sex and racial differences existed in weight perception, desired weight, and dieting. A high proportion of normal-weight white girls consider themselves overweight and have attempted to lose weight.

Validity of Self-rated Health among Latino(a)s

Abstract: The authors investigated whether self-rated health (SRH) had differential mortality risks for Latino(a) adults of various acculturation statuses living in the United States. They used cumulative National Health Interview Survey data from 1989 to 1994 (n = 37,713) linked with the National Health Interview Survey Multiple Cause of Death data files (1,364 deaths) that match records from the National Death Index through 1997. The authors specified survival models to estimate the effect of SRH on mortality and further stratified their model by birth and duration in the United States as proxies for acculturation. These estimates were compared across strata. Poor SRH was found to be a weaker predictor of subsequent mortality risk among the less acculturated, although the overall risk among the aggregated sample is similar to the risk reported in previous studies. The relation between poor SRH and mortality risk increases with United States acculturation among Latinos. While poor SRH was significantly associated with short-term mortality among the least acculturated, this association did not persist beyond 2-year mortality risk. Health researchers wishing to use SRH to assess the physical health of multiethnic populations should at least control for levels of acculturation among respondents.