Showing papers by "University of Melbourne published in 1979"
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of the fatty acids from a tropical marine sediment selected because of its high biomass content is reported, and relationships between the sedimentary extracts of the surface layer to fatty acid components of bacteria cultured from the sediment sample are detailed.
461 citations
TL;DR: The structural relationships between arabino-3,6-galactans from gymnosperm wood, gum exudates of Acacia and other trees, and from plant callus cells and whole tissues are discussed and the nature of these proteoglycans is compared with the arabinose and galactose containing cell wall glycoproteins.
459 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors derived the complete three-nucleon potential of the two-pion exchange type, suitable for nuclear structure calculations, by extending away from the forward direction the subthreshold offpion-mass-shell πN scattering amplitude of Coon, Scadron and Barrett.
330 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the main features of the catalytic conversion process are discussed and a mechanism is suggested for the formation of sorbed C3,C4 olefinic residues, and for initial carbon-carbon bond formation from methanol.
308 citations
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the multiple lymphocyte surface antigens of the mouse, and special emphasis is placed on the Ly markers, in view of their extreme utility in defining functional subsets of lymphocytes.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the multiple lymphocyte surface antigens of the mouse. A wide range of different antigens is described, ranging from those that have a broad tissue distribution to those highly restricted to specific lymphocytes and including others, such as viral-associated antigens. Special emphasis is placed on the Ly markers, in view of their extreme utility in defining functional subsets of lymphocytes. The new Qa antigens and the Ia system are also discussed. It describes genetic polymorphisms that lead to structural variations in the cell surface. These variations lead to differences between strains that subsequently elicit the production of antibody or graft rejection. The studies of cell membrane alloantigenic determinants (CMAD) have yielded generous rewards, particularly in the identification of the relationship between T-cell function and surface antigenic phenotype. The CMAD is used to distinguish among different functional subpopulations of lymphocytes. There are a number of examples where CMAD and murine leukemia virus are associated either directly or indirectly. Viral antibodies contaminating alloantisera are providing considerable problems in the analysis of CMAD.
216 citations
TL;DR: Various adjuncts to the standard clinical interview are proposed : written reports, visual analogue scales, McGill's Pain Assessment Questionnaire, and a weekly pain chart, the advantages and disadvantages of each are discussed.
Abstract: The problems of clinical measurement of pain are considered. Various adjuncts to the standard clinical interview are proposed. These are: written reports, visual analogue scales, McGill's Pain Assessment Questionnaire, and a weekly pain chart. The advantages and disadvantages of each are discussed. Correlations between various pain measures are shown. The use of the weekly pain chart by doctors is recommended in cases of chronic pain.
201 citations
TL;DR: A 345 m deep bore hole in ice about 385 m thick, near the edge of Law Dome, Antarctica, was drilled in 1974 about 3 km up-stream from the site of a previous bore hole, nearly reaching the bed, obtained in 1969 as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A 345 m deep bore hole in ice about 385 m thick, near the edge of Law Dome, Antarctica, was drilled in 1974 about 3 km up-stream from the site of a previous bore hole, nearly reaching the bed, obtained in 1969. The core from this new bore hole has been studied comprehensively, particularly with regard to the ice-crystal orientation fabrics. Samples of the ice core were subjected to simple shear at temperatures and deviatoric stresses which match the in situ conditions of the ice sheet. Similar studies of randomly-oriented laboratory-made polycrystalline ice were undertaken. Long-term tests, lasting for up to two years, were required to determine minimum strain-rates. The flow law for the anisotropic ice was thus determined as a function of that for the isotropic ice together with a measure of c-axis fabric strength perpendicular to the shear plane. Core studies indicate that the upper part of the ice sheet has a polycrystalline structure appropriate to the surface longitudinal stress. Deeper in the core a strong concentration of near-vertical c-axes develops. Ice having very large crystals with multiple maxima fabrics was found in the lower quarter of the ice thickness. Shear measurements in the bore hole indicate the existence of high strain-rates in the zone of vertical c-axes, and of lower shear-rates below that level. The low values of shear-rates in the basal region cannot be explained in terms of crystallographic changes alone, and therefore it is inferred that the shear stress decreases in this layer–a result which also provides a possible explanation for the development of the observed basal crystal structure.
194 citations
TL;DR: The occurrence of cis-vaccenic acid (18:1ω7) in the algae reported here suggests a distribution in marine benthic algae which is wider than hitherto realised, with particular taxonomic importance for Chlorophyta species in which it occurs in high levels.
185 citations
TL;DR: A significant correlation between annual P/B ratios and lifespan is shown for species from a variety of phyla and habitats, and this equation may be used, in conjunction with data on mean annual biomass, to give production estimates for populations of marine macrobenthic species.
Abstract: Recent literature on studies of production in marine macrobenthos is reviewed, and a significant correlation between annual P/B ratios and lifespan is shown for species from a variety of phyla and habitats. A regression equation was fitted to the pooled data. This equation may be used, in conjunction with data on mean annual biomass, to give production estimates for populations of marine macrobenthic species, if sampling is not size or age selective, and the lifespans of the populations can be determined.
178 citations
TL;DR: The allosteric enzyme phosphofructokinase binds its substrate fructose-6-phosphate between two subunits of the tetramer, and allosteri effectors between another pair of subunits, creating ligand bridges between subunits.
Abstract: The allosteric enzyme phosphofructokinase binds its substrate fructose-6-phosphate between two subunits of the tetramer, and allosteric effectors between another pair of subunits. The effector binding site accommodates both the activator and the inhibitor. The substrate cooperativity and allosteric control are mediated by these ligand bridges between subunits.
161 citations
TL;DR: Fission track ages have been measured for 12 sphenes, 18 zircons and 25 apatites separated largely from Lower Tertiary magmatic rocks of East Greenland, with a few examples from Caledonian rocks.
Abstract: Fission track ages have been measured for 12 sphenes, 18 zircons and 25 apatites separated largely from Lower Tertiary magmatic rocks of East Greenland, with a few examples from Caledonian rocks. The sphene and zircon ages of Caledonian rocks agree with other radiometric ages but apatite is strongly discordant indicating that these rocks cooled very slowly over a 200 m.y. period. It was not until the Permian/Lower Jurassic that they finally cooled below 100 ° C, possibly as a consequence of uplift and erosion at this time in connection with extensive rifting. No evidence of a Tertiary imprint has been found in these rocks. Layered gabbros, such as Skaergaard, were emplaced at about the same time (ca. 54 m.y.) as the latest plateau basalts. Some evidence of syenitic activity from this period occurs in the Angmagssalik area ca. 400 km to the south but the syenites of Kangerdlugssuaq cluster around 50 m.y. The Gardiner ultramafic alkaline complex and some of the offshore gabbros apparently also were emplaced at about 50 m.y. Late dykes in the Kangerdlugssuaq area were emplaced over a considerable time span (43-34 m.y.) in keeping with their variable petrographic character, and the Kialineq centre was formed at 36.2±0.4 m.y. Intrusions of the Masters Vig area differ in age. Kap Simpson and Kap Parry to the northeast were emplaced around 40 m.y. whereas the Werner Bjerge complex is the youngest igneous activity so far identified in Greenland with an age of 30.3±1.3 m.y. Many apatites give strongly discordant ages of about 36 m.y. and these are concentrated in the area of a major domal uplift centred on Kangerdlugssuaq. The uplift is older than these ages but on field evidence post-dates the basalts. It probably formed in conjunction with alkaline magmatism at ca. 50 m.y. Cooling below ca. 200 ° was slow for these intrusions and was probably controlled by a number of factors including erosion of the dome, high heat flow caused by continuing dyke injection and regional plateau uplift. The last is believed to have taken place about 35 m.y. ago at the time of emplacement of the Kialineq plutons and last dykes. Renewed rapid erosion and declining heat flow at this time led to rapid cooling of the rocks now at the surface to below 100 °.
TL;DR: In this article, the slowly varying solitary wave is constructed as an asymptotic solution of the variable coefficient Korteweg-de Vries equation, and a multiple scale method is used to determine the amplitude and phase of the wave to the second order in the perturbation parameter.
Abstract: The slowly varying solitary wave is constructed as an asymptotic solution of the variable coefficient Korteweg-de Vries equation. A multiple scale method is used to determine the amplitude and phase of the wave to the second order in the perturbation parameter. The structure ahead and behind the solitary wave is also determined, and the results are interpreted by using conservation laws. Outer expansions are introduced to remove non-uniformities in the expansion. Finally, when the coefficients satisfy a certain constraint, an exact solution is constructed.
TL;DR: Results appear sufficient to explain the distribution of the species between and within the residue stages, however, before general statements of resource utilization or species interaction can be made, the need to study different stages of the life cycle is highlighted.
Abstract: Data were collected over four vintage seasons at the "Chateau Tahbilk" winery. The distribution of adults, larvae and pupae of D. melanogaster and D. simulans was recorded over a pile of grape residues during two different stages of its decomposition. Active fermentation characterized the first of these stages, but was much less apparent in the later stage. The distribution of adults was similar for both stages. However, while larvae and pupae of both species were observed in the post fermentation residues essentially only D. melanogaster larvae and pupae were present during the fermentation stage. During this stage larvae were aggregated beneath the surface to a depth of 10 cm. Here the average temperature was about 29°C and ethanol and acetic acid concentrations were around 7% (v/v) and 3% (v/v), respectively.Laboratory results allow a description of the physiological and behavioural responses of both species to ethanol or acetic acid concentration and to temperature differences. These results appear sufficient to explain the distribution of the species between and within the residue stages. However, before general statements of resource utilization or species interaction can be made, the need to study different stages of the life cycle is highlighted.
TL;DR: The pollen and stigma surfaces apparently complement one another to provide all the components of an ideal adhesive and specific binding of concanavalin A to the stigma surface decreases the adhesive capacity for pollen protein.
Abstract: Male—female recognition in flowering plants is initiated by mutual contact of pollen and stigma surface components. Analysis of the surface macromolecules of both stigma and pollen of Gladiolus gandavensis revealed a complex mixture of proteins, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. The carbohydrate-containing components amounted to 6% in pollen and 23% in stigma and contained the monosaccharides galactose, arabinose, glucose, mannose, and rhamnose. All the mannose of both preparations was associated with a fraction that bound to concanavalin A. The stigma surface contained an arabinogalactan or arabinogalactan protein as a major component. This component has been isolated by affinity chromatography on tridacnin-Sepharose and shown to be similar in composition to a style canal component isolated in the same way. The capacity of the stigma surface preparations to bind nonspecifically to macromolecules from pollen and other sources has been demonstrated in vivo and in vitro. Specific binding of concanavalin A to the stigma surface decreases the adhesive capacity for pollen protein. The arabinogalactan of the stigma surface may act as an adhesive base. The pollen and stigma surfaces apparently complement one another to provide all the components of an ideal adhesive.
TL;DR: It is concluded that macroscopic assessment of follicular atresia in ovarian follicular populations is directly related to follicular diameter.
Abstract: The binding of [125 Il-labeled human follicle stimulating hormone ([12511 -FSH) and chorionic gonadotropin ((12111 -hCG) to intact ovine follicles was studied in vitro as a function of follicular diameter and stage of morphological atresia. Histological confirmation of the atretic classification was established and the incidence of atresia in those follicles studied was variable and directly related to follicular diameter (P<0.0i). The binding of [‘251)-hFSH and (‘251)-hCG to theca was relatively constant when compared to the change in granulosa binding that was associated with increased follicular diameter or stage of atresia. When studied without regard to the stage of atresia, the binding of (12511 -hFSH to granulosa cells decreased and that of [12511 -hCG increased with increased follicular diameter. These changes were thought to reflect changes in the relative incidence of atresia within each size group rather than decreased binding per se. Subsequent analysis of [12511 -labeled gonadotropin binding to granuhosa cells as a function of both folhicular diameter and stage of atresia simultaneously indicated that the extent of (‘2511-hFSH binding was determined solely by stage of atresia rather than follicular diameter (P<0.05). Conversely, while 152511 -hCG binding was decreased by increased atresia, the overall extent of binding was determined by follicular diameter (P<0.01). It is concluded that macroscopic assessment of follicular atresia in ovarian follicular populations is directly related to follicular diameter. In addition, the ability of granulosa cells to bind (12511. labeled gonadotropins in vitro varies as a function of follicular diameter and stage of atresia.
TL;DR: Both the oral and tracheal routes may be normal routes of infection with E. cuniculi in adult rabbits, and both organs most affected were lung, kidney and liver; the brain and gut were unaffected.
Abstract: Rabbits infected either orally or intratracheally with cell culture-grown Encephalitozoon cuniculi were monitored regularly for serum antibody levels and E. cuniculi in the urine. Their responses were compared with intravenously inoculated and uninoculated control rabbits. All rabbits receiving E. cuniculi developed serum antibodies, generally within 3 weeks, and excreted E. cuniculi by 6 weeks. In the acute stage of infection, the organs most affected were lung, kidney and liver; the brain and gut were unaffected. However, during chronic infection, the brain, kidney, and heart were the only organs found to be involved. Antibody levels were very high at this stage. Thus both the oral and tracheal routes may be normal routes of infection with E. cuniculi in adult rabbits.
TL;DR: A detailed study of the crystallography and strain field contrast at chromium needles precipitated in a Cu-0,55 wt.c.% alloy was made in this article, where the orientation relationship between the Cu matrix and Cr needles was found to be Kurdjumov-Sachs, with a 〈651〉Cu growth axis being preferred.
TL;DR: The results of this study suggest that visual analogue rating scales are of questionable validity in assessing affect in patients without any appreciable psychiatric morbidity.
TL;DR: It is suggested that the success of germination of E. regnans after wild fires is not due to any specific stimulation but rather to a temporary interference of ant foraging activity and then to the saturation of their food requirements by a massive seed fall from canopy-stored capsules.
Abstract: In an unburnt, mature forest the germination of E. regnans on undisturbed bare ground is very poor in spite of adequate seed fall, and the presence of conditions suitable for germination over much of the year. No seed storage occurs in the top soil in spite of some temporary seed dormancy and the disturbance of the surface soil by earthworms and lyre birds. Seed is removed from the top soil by several ant species– Prolasius pallidus, P. brunneus, P. flavicornis and Chelaner leae –and is taken into nests. Removal of seed is more rapid and complete in summer than winter and is more vigorous in young forest than old. Observations on artificial nests in the field and laboratory indicate that seed is eaten and not stored for any length of time. The testae may be left intact, fragmented or moulded into crumbs with other material. Certain sugar-like substances, which are extractable in low concentrations from fresh seed, may be involved in the attractivity of seed to ants. The numbers of ant species in the forests vary with the micro-climate of the site, and in the mature understorey of Pomaderris aspera the activities of the three dominant species Iridomyrmex biconvexus, Prolasius pallidus and P, hrunneus are largely separated diurnally, seasonally, and spatially in the foraging areas of the litter layer. The density of the nests of seed-harvesting ants is high, particularly in bare areas of the forest floor. The total number of ants probably exceed 5–6 million/ha and is probably sufficient to effectively remove 60% of the sporadic seed fall of normal years. It is suggested that the success of germination of E. regnans after wild fires is not due to any specific stimulation but rather to a temporary interference of ant foraging activity and then to the saturation of their food requirements by a massive seed fall from canopy-stored capsules.
TL;DR: Cuticle thickness and complexity was maintained throughout the second growth phase of fruit growth, and a number of distinct layers were detected by autofluorescence, and staining with auramine 0, Nile blue, and PAS.
Abstract: The dermal system comprises the outer epidermis of the pericarp, its covering of wax and cuticle and the collenchymatous hypodermal cells. During the first of the two post-anthesis phases of fruit growth, differentiation occurred with respect to cell and nuclear volume, content of polyphenolic substances, and wall thickening. Walls of the presumptive dermal system cells developed massive primary thickenings which stained intensely with fluorescent brightener dyes. In the second phase of fruit growth these cells were redifferentiated, their walls becoming thinner as they enlarged to accommodate fruit expansion. Binding of the fluorescent brightener dye was reduced and confined to the outer edges of the walls. At maturity, the walls of the cortical cells adjacent to the dermal system underwent autolysis.
TL;DR: A set of n-(9-anthroyloxy) fatty acid probes have been used to examine gradients in fluorescence polarization, lifetime (tau F), relative quantum yield (phi rel) and positions of emission maxima (lambda max) through bilayers composed of synthetic phospholipids.
TL;DR: In this paper, the reactions of ethane, n -butane, isobutane, neopentane, neohexane, 2,3-dimethylbutane and methylcyclopentane have been studied over a range of dispersed iridium catalysts in which the iridium was supported on γ -alumina or Aerosil silica, and d Ir lay in the range ≤ 1 to 20 nm.
TL;DR: Eight patients with acute polyhydramnios were encountered in 31 103 pregnancies, an incidence of 1 in 3888, and all patients had monozygous twin pregnancies and 14 of the 16 infants were normal.
TL;DR: The rotational behavior of a set of n-(9-anthroyloxy) fatty acid fluorescent probes is examined in two liquid paraffins and in liposomes composed of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the ion microprobe mass analyzer (IMMA) to determine the ages of radiogenic Pb isotopes in terrestrial, lunar and meteoritic phases.
TL;DR: The copper content of various organs of ;brindled' female heterozygotes and male mice affected by this X-linked mutation are documented at the last day of intrauterine development, at 1 day after birth and at 11 days of age, indicating defective placental transfer of copper in utero, and an even more marked defect in intestinal absorption of copper after birth.
Abstract: The copper content of various organs of `brindled' female heterozygotes and male mice affected by this X-linked mutation are documented at the last day of intrauterine development, at 1 day after birth and at 11 days of age. The findings indicate defective placental transfer of copper in utero, and an even more marked defect in intestinal absorption of copper after birth. In addition there is an abnormal distribution of copper among the tissues of the body once it is absorbed. The mutation produces abnormal accumulation of copper in kidney, in gut mucosa and in testis, whereas liver, brain, plasma and most other organs show diminished copper concentrations. The intestinal malabsorption of copper is accompanied by accumulation of abnormal amounts of the metal in the intestinal-mucosa cells. Copper concentrations in both mucosa and luminal contents rise progressively from duodenum to ileum. Defective upper-intestinal absorption, consequent progressive increase in luminal copper concentration and pinocytosis in the ileum would seem to explain the findings. Radioisotopic studies eliminated the possibility of excessive excretion of copper in bile or across the intestinal mucosa. Detailed comparison with findings in humans with Menkes' syndrome is difficult because of the different stages of development at which the studies have been performed, but the results seem in general to conform very satisfactorily. Those differences seen are probably explicable by known species differences. All the findings are in accord with a hypothesis that the basic defect involves accumulation and retention of copper in the cells of affected tissues such as kidney, gut mucosa and placenta.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared mean velocity profiles, turbulence intensity distributions and streamwise energy spectra for turbulent air flow in a smooth-walled, high aspect ratio rectangular duct with small streamwise curvature, and compared with measurements taken in a similar straight duct.
Abstract: Mean velocity profiles, turbulence intensity distributions and streamwise energy spectra are presented for turbulent air flow in a smooth-walled, high aspect ratio rectangular duct with small streamwise curvature, and are compared with measurements taken in a similar straight duct.The results for the present curved flow are found to differ significantly from those for the more highly curved flows reported previously, and suggest the need to distinguish between ‘shear-dominated’ flows with small curvature and ‘inertia-dominated’ flows with high curvature. Velocity defect and angular-momentum defect hypotheses fail to correlate the central-region mean flow data, but the wall-region data are consistent with the conventional straight-wall similarity hypothesis. A secondary flow of Taylor–Goertler vortex pattern is found to occur in the central flow region.An examination of the flow equations yields a model for the mechanisms by which streamline curvature affects turbulent flow, in which a major effect is a direct change in the turbulent shear stress through a conservative reorientation of the turbulence intensity components. Data for the streamwise and transverse turbulence intensities show behaviour consistent with that expected from the equations, and the distribution of total turbulence energy in the central flow region is found to be nearly invariant with Reynolds number and wall curvature, in agreement with the model.Energy spectra for the streamwise component are examined in terms of a Townsend-type two-component turbulence model. They indicate that a universal, ‘active’ component exists in all flow regions, with an ‘inactive’ component which affects only the low wavenumber spectra intensities. This is taken to imply that the effects of streamline curvature are determined by the central-region flow structure alone.
TL;DR: This is a publisher’s version of an article published in The Journal of Laryngology & Otology © 1979 Cambridge University Press.
Abstract: This is a publisher’s version of an article published in The Journal of Laryngology & Otology © 1979 Cambridge University Press. www.cambridge.org/
TL;DR: The finding of another potential secretory component of the juxtaglomerular complex is reported, raising the possibility of unsuspected functional interactions in this region.
Abstract: THE renal juxtaglomerular complex is conventionally considered to consist of the afferent and efferent glomerular arterioles, the macula densa of the distal tubule, and the interposed polar cushion region1. The afferent arteriolar wall contains myoepithelial cells characterised by the presence of multiple secretory-type cytoplasmic granules. It is widely accepted that such granules contain renin2, the hormone responsible for the production of angiotensin I from plasma renin substrate. We now report the finding of another potential secretory component of the juxtaglomerular complex, raising the possibility of unsuspected functional interactions in this region.
TL;DR: In this paper, the slowly varying solitary wave is constructed as an asymptotic solution of the variable coefficient nonlinear Schrodinger equation, and the results are interpreted by using conservation laws.
Abstract: The slowly varying solitary wave is constructed as an asymptotic solution of the variable coefficient nonlinear Schrodinger equation. A multiple scale method is used to determine the amplitude and phases of the wave to the second order in the perturbation parameter. The method is similar to that used in (I) (R. Grimshaw 1979 Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 368, 359). The results are interpreted by using conservation laws. Outer expansions are introduced to remove non-uniformities in the expansion. Finally, when the coefficients satisfy a certain constraint, an exact solution is constructed.