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Showing papers by "University of Memphis published in 1969"


Journal ArticleDOI
01 May 1969-Ecology
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used radioisotope tagging and tracing techniques to trace the movements of 10 eastern worm snakes (Carphophis amoenus amoenas) at Robinson Forest, Breathitt County, Kentucky from early May to late October 1966.
Abstract: Movements of 10 eastern worm snakes (Carphophis amoenus amoenus) were studied using radioisotope tagging and tracing techniques. The study was conducted at Robinson Forest, Breathitt County, Kentucky, from early May to late October 1966. Snakes were tagged subcutaneously, using a hypodermic needle and plunger apparatus, with 50—80 μc Cp60 alloy wire tags. Detection apparatus consisted of a Victoreen model 489 Thyac II survey meter equipped with earphones, shoulder strap, and scintillation probe mounted at one end of a 3—m tubular aluminum pole. Each snake was located 46 to 89 times. Home ranges were calculated using the minimum area method and averaged 253 m2 (range, 23—486 m2). The longest known movement during a 24 hr period was 45 m (in 14 hr 30 min). Most movements were initiated in late afternoon and early evening. Most periods of activity were of less than 12 hr duration. Periods of inactivity ranged from a few minutes to over 14 days. Snakes displaced distances of 150, 400, and 800 m from where captured exhibited no homing ability.

32 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Classical discrimination conditioning was employed to establish a discrimination between two rates of intermittent stimulation in the auditory modality for two rabbits and in the visual modalities for two additional rabbits.
Abstract: Classical discrimination conditioning was employed to establish a discrimination between two rates of intermittent stimulation in the auditory modality for two rabbits and in the visual modality for two additional rabbits. Acquisition of the initial discrimination was facilitated in the auditory condition. Following training in the original modality, the stimulus modality contingencies were exchanged and a test of transfer conducted. Transfer from audition to vision and from vision to audition was definitively shown by both the heart-rate and eyeblink responses.

22 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper showed that even though comprehension may be reduced by distracting stimuli, this distraction can actually aid persuasion, and showed that the distracting stimuli produced a significant reduction in recall of information, while also producing a significant opinion shift.
Abstract: Attitude formation has been thought to require the characteristics of acquiring and accepting new information. However, some evidence exists to suggest that even though comprehension may be reduced by distracting stimuli, this distraction can actually aid persuasion. In order to test such a hypothesis, two experimental groups were tested under different conditions. Group A listened to an emotional message about segregation, and was tested for comprehension and attitude change. Group B was also exposed to the same persuasive message, but during the message presentation, subjects were shown 35mm color slides containing visual stimuli irrelevant to the message. Results indicated that the distracting stimuli produced a significant reduction in recall of information, while also producing a significant opinion shift. Keywords: Driver distraction

15 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Rats were found capable of making the choice in a T-maze using the odor from only one 45-mg Noyes food pellet as a discriminative stimulus, pointing to the need for controlling odor stimuli in the traditional food-reinforcement situation, and especially in studies concerned with the magnitude of reward.
Abstract: Rats were found capable of making the choice in a T-maze using the odor from only one 45-mg Noyes food pellet as a discriminative stimulus. This finding points to the need for controlling odor stimuli in the traditional food-reinforcement situation, and especially in studies concerned with the magnitude of reward.

11 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a basic model of organizational behavior is presented, a model which may assist the educational administrator in translating theoretical concepts into a guide for more enlightened practice, which may also assist the teachers in translating concepts into more enlightened practices.
Abstract: The orchestration of personnel, material resources, and ideas which leads to the harmonious integration of man and organization is a complex task. This paper outlines a basic model of organizational behavior, a model which may assist the educational administrator in translating theoretical concepts into a guide for more enlightened practice.

7 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: D-Amphetamine was administered to rabbits performing a “difficult” and an “easy” classical discrimination task and the results provide support for the “cue-monitoring” interpretation of amphetamine facilitation and the observed divergence of response systems in the rabbit.
Abstract: D-Amphetamine was administered to rabbits performing a “difficult” and an “easy” classical discrimination task. The drug had no significant effect on overall nictitating membrane responding whereas it debilitated heart rate responding. Heart rate discrimination was debilitated for both tasks; however, amphetamine facilitated nictitating membrane discrimination for the “difficult” task while having no effect on the “easy” task. The results are discussed in terms of support for the “cue-monitoring” interpretation of amphetamine facilitation and the observed divergence of response systems in the rabbit.

7 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The career of George W. Lee as mentioned in this paper suggests that some black capitalists did much more than use racial pride for economic profit, providing local leadership and a militant philosophy in a period characterized by capitulation to the white majority.
Abstract: Looking back on the 1920's, it has become fashionable to accuse black businessmen of betraying and exploiting the Negro masses for their own gain. The career of George W. Lee, however, suggests that some black capitalists did much more than use racial pride for economic profit. They could be the real cutting edge of Negro protest, providing local leadership and a militant philosophy in a period characterized by capitulation to the white majority.

5 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
Bruce Gunn1
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that the important point here is not being applied to social systems, but rather it is parallel principles of cause and effect, which may be utilised, to facilitate the comprehension of these forces affecting behaviour in social systems.
Abstract: Discusses how behavioural scientists have produced a multitude of data on complexities of consumer motivation – but states the sheer diversity of approach is making it difficult for decision‐makers to draw meaningful conclusions. Submits that the correct line of advance lies with a systems perspective. Examines Newton's Law of Motion to demonstrate how physics may be used to draw generalisation about activity in consumer systems. Purports that the important point here is that physics is not being applied to social systems, but rather it is parallel principles of cause and effect, which may be utilised, to facilitate the comprehension of these forces affecting behaviour in social systems. Concludes that what is needed to analyse available knowledge applicable to consumer motivation is a conceptual scheme which can serve as a frame of reference for marketing decision makers.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an expectancy table method of communication is proposed to communicate with the college performance information on former students, which surmounts many of the limitations associated with the traditional practice of providing individual grade reports.
Abstract: The conventional way for colleges to furnish high schools with the college performance information on their former students is to send grade reports on these students. This practice raises some important questions regarding the ethics, utility, and reliability of releasing the grades without the student's permission. The purpose of this paper is to describe an expectancy table method of communication which surmounts many of the limitations associated with the traditional practice of providing individual grade reports.

Journal ArticleDOI

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Three rats with cannulae implanted in the posterior hypothalamic area and one nonimplant rat were tested in a conditioned suppression paradigm and the maintenance of conditioned suppression was generally unaffected by xylocaine lesions.
Abstract: Three rats with cannulae implanted in the posterior hypothalamic area and one nonimplant rat were tested in a conditioned suppression paradigm. During the acquisition phase of conditioned suppression, xylocaine hydrochloride was administered bilaterally via cannulae to two of the implant animals and an equal volume of normal saline was administered to the third animal. The xylocaine-injected animals required approximately twice the number of CS-UCS pairings as the saline-injected animal and five times the number of CS-UCS pairings as the normal control animal to acquire conditioned suppression. The maintenance of conditioned suppression was generally unaffected by xylocaine lesions.

Journal ArticleDOI
J. Fang1

Journal ArticleDOI
14 Nov 1969-Science

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Only a very slight increase in spontaneous recovery was observed when the recovery interval was increased from 60 min to 24 h, and the results showed spontaneous recovery to be a negatively accelerated monotonic function of the recovery intervals.
Abstract: Rats in a shuttle box were reinforced by shock termination on 60 training trials. On the day following the end of training, 30 massed extinction trials were given on which shock termination was delayed for 20 sec following the shuttling response. To test for spontaneous recovery, five additional extinction trials were given after recovery intervals of 5 min, 15 min, 60 min, or 24 h. The results showed spontaneous recovery to be a negatively accelerated monotonic function of the recovery interval. Only a very slight increase in spontaneous recovery was observed when the recovery interval was increased from 60 min to 24 h.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Data are presented that show that there are no prograde effects of CO2: exposure on subsequent variable-interval (VI-15 sec) behavior and the use of carbon dioxide as a quick-acting anesthetic of short duration was studied.
Abstract: The use of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a quick-acting anesthetic of short duration was studied. Sixteen rats were exposed to a CO2 atmosphere for 10 and15 sec on separate days. Records were taken of the time required for the administration of intramuscular and gavage injections as well as recovery of motor functions. Recovery following both exposure times was less than 2 min Data are presented that show that there are no prograde effects of CO2: exposure on subsequent variable-interval (VI-15 sec) behavior.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Operant responding for water reinforcement was investigated in three New Zealand albino rabbits and the behavior of the third rabbit under an FI 1-min LH 5-sec schedule was characteristic of fixed-ratio performance.
Abstract: Operant responding for water reinforcement was investigated in three New Zealand albino rabbits. Performance of two rabbits under FR3, FR8t and FR95 schedules was similar to the performance of other organisms exposed to low- or high-value fixed-ratio reinforcement. The behavior of the third rabbit under an FI 1-min LH 5-sec schedule was characteristic of fixed-ratio performance. These data were compared with data obtained from other organisms.