Showing papers by "University of Memphis published in 1970"

The Land Where the Blues Began

Abstract: In the late 1970s Alan Lomax traveled to Mississippi with filmmaker John Bishop and folklorist Worth Long and made this film about the African American music he found there.

Inhibition Deficits in Retardate Learning and Attention

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the inhibition deficits in retardate learning and attention Inhibition has been defined as an adaptive reduction in responding The first step in assessing an inhibitory deficit in a particular setting is to establish the amount of inhibition that is considered normal The retardate would be considered deficient in inhibition if he failed to achieve this level If the goal of a research effort is to identify the learning processes that are crucial to an overall intellectual deficit, then the deficient organism should be compared to his nondeficient peer who is at the same overall level of intellectual development If mental age (MA) can be conceived as a composite of learning processes and learning products, then retardates and their MA peers would be expected to differ on the composition of their overall MA scores The retardate, with his greater experience, would be expected to score relatively high on those tasks that tap products of experience; the normal MA peer, on the other hand, would be expected to score relatively low on the products tasks and relatively high on tasks that depend upon the learning processes

A comparison of learning based on social or nonsocial discriminative stimuli

Abstract: Two groups of six rats each were trained to run across an open-field maze with four choice-point alternatives. For one group the correct response was based upon a social discriminative stimulus and for the other it was based upon a nonsocial discriminative stimulus. Results indicated that social responses were learned faster and were more durable under extinction conditions than were responses based on nonsocial stimuli.

Chemical transfer of learned fear: Failure to replicate Ungar

Abstract: Thirty naive male Sprague-Dawley rats were used as donors and were randomly divided into three groups of 10. One group was shocked only in the black box, according to Ungar’s paradigm. The second group received shock equally in the white and black boxes, to control for the possible activating effects of shock, regardless of where administered. The third group was a control group that received handling only, with no shock. The prepared brain extracts were injected into recipient mice, prescreened to eliminate those showing no dark preference. There was no evidence of a reliable differential avoidance of the dark box by any treatment group. Activity measures also failed to differentiate the three groups. Further, the difficulty of obtaining mice with a dark preference was discussed.

The effect of flicker on avoidance acquisition in the bush baby, Galago senegalensis

Abstract: In a study of the discrimination of intermittent visual stimuli by bush babies, Galago senegalensis, in a go, no-go two-way shock-avoidance task, it was found that active avoidance to the high-rate flicker, 18/sec, was facilitated as compared with active avoidance to the low-rate flicker, 3/sec. Acquisiton of passive avoidance was superior to acquisition of active avoidance, and flicker rate did not affect passive avoidance differentially.

Partial Reinforcement of Social Behavior in Rats

Abstract: The effects of partial reinforcement on a social response were studied in 2 groups of rats. One group was trained to follow other rats on a continuous schedule and the other on a partial (50%) schedule. Animals having partial reinforcement training performed at a higher level during extinction than those trained under continuous reinforcement. The results were interpreted as extending reinforcement schedule effects to animal social behavior.

A Three-Element Model for Binary Prediction:

Abstract: Three element model for choice behavior binary prediction consisting of logical, experiential and error components

The effect of the onset of stimuli on reactivity in the rat

Abstract: Forty rats, maintained on either ad lib food and water or on 22-h food deprivation, were tested in a photobeam cage under conditions of no specific external stimulation or where tone, light, or the odor of amyl acetate or food were presented. The results indicated that the onset of all stimuli resulted in an increase in activity counts for all groups, but the increment in activity varied for the different stimuli. The greatest increase in activity for the ad lib group was to the light stimulus; for the food-deprived group, it was to the food-odor stimulus.

Literary Geographies in Balzac and Proust

Abstract: Literary geography is one of the core aspects of the study of the novel, both in its realist and post-realist incarnations. Literary geography is not just about connecting place-names to locations on the map; literary geographers also explore how spaces interact in fictional worlds and the imaginary of physical space as seen through the lens of characters' perceptions. The tools of literary cartography and geographical analysis can be particularly useful in seeing how places relate to one another and how characters are associated with specific places. This Element explores the literary geographies of Balzac and Proust as exemplary of realist and post-realist traditions of place-making in novelistic spaces. The central concern of this Element is how literary cartography, or the mapping of place-names, can contribute to our understanding of place-making in the novel.

Classical discrimination conditioning and reversal in the albino rabbit

Abstract: Eight albino rabbits were trained in a classical discrimination conditioning task measuring heart-rate and nictitating-membrane responses. Following 10 days of acquisition, reversal training was carried out for 10 days. The nictitating-membrane response indicated a successful discrimination reversal within 3 days, while the heart-rate response never showed discrimination reversal during the entire period.

Redundancy in Deterministic Sequences

Abstract: A method is presented for defining an information measure for deterministic sequences. This is done by considering a sequence as a non-Markovian sample space. The correspondence between redundancy, as defined by this information measure, and measured perception ability is considered.

Cross-modal reversal in the rabbit

Abstract: A classically conditioned discrimination was established between two rates of intermittent stimulation in the auditory modality for four rabbits and in the visual modality for four additional rabbits. Following acquisition in the original modality, both stimulus modality and stimulus contingencies were changed in a cross-modal reversal test. All rabbits were subsequently tested in reacquisition of the original discrimination. Results were compared to a previous test of direct cross-modal transfer. It was concluded that results of cross-modal reversal support the earlier finding of cross-modal transfer in the rabbit.

The Effect of a Direct Inquiry on Rorschach Scores

Abstract: Summary 33 Ss were administered the Rorschach and had a traditional, nonleading inquiry. An equal number of Ss took the Rorschach and had a direct inquiry in which they were asked specifically whether or not a certain determinant had been relevant. The results indicated no significant difference in the numbers of determinants produced by the two groups. It was suggested that a standardized, direct inquiry would be of considerable value in administering and understanding the Rorschach.