Showing papers by "University of Memphis published in 1971"
56 citations
35 citations
21 citations
TL;DR: A report of a factor analysis of 38 measures of organization characteristics was obtained for 107 small metal working firms and nine factors were derived and interpreted with reference to the results of other empirical studies as mentioned in this paper.
17 citations
TL;DR: During contingent pairing, reinforcement was immediate and dispensed for all correct responses and each of three children achieved 100% correct articulation of the target phonemes in the 20 training words.
Abstract: A pictured key word which contained a correctly articulated target phoneme in final position was paired with 10 pictured training words which contained the incorrectly articulated target phoneme in the final position and 10 additional times with pictured training words which contained the incorrectly articulated target phoneme in initial position. Each child was instructed only to name the paired pictures in the fixed pattern of key word-training word. During contingent pairing, reinforcement was immediate and dispensed for all correct responses. Each of three children achieved 100% correct articulation of the target phonemes in the 20 training words. A multiple baseline procedure was used. The total amount of training time from onset of contingent-pairing to 100% correct was 3 hr. for Subject A, 48 min. for Subject B, and 2 hr. 24 min. for Subject C.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Markov chain analysis was used as a technique for evaluating the presence of determinism (memory) in a sequence of physical events in the Pennsylvanian carbonate sequences of southern Nevada.
Abstract: Markov chain analysis may be used as a technique for evaluating the presence of determinism (“memory”) in a sequence of physical events. Application to the vertical facies changes found in the Pennsylvanian carbonate sequences of southern Nevada shows that (1) the interval examined in the Arrow Canyon Range (1846 ft, miogeosynclinal, Bird Spring Group) has a chi-square value of 167.41, indicating “memory” present; (2) the Callville Formation at Frenchman Mountain (1055 ft, shelf) yields a chi-square of 26.40, also indicating the presence of “memory”; and (3) the Callville at Azure Ridge (779 ft, shelf) yields a chi-square of 15.02, indicating no “memory.” All of these values were obtained with recognition of four facies with multistory relationships. Investigation of potential sources of error shows that consistency from studied section to studied section in choice of number of facies, evaluation of facies changes, and whether multistory or unit facies are recognized is essential if results are to be compared. The presence of covered intervals, while detrimental, does not obscure results where less than 20 percent of the total number of facies units are labeled covered.
15 citations
TL;DR: Subcellular fractionation by differential centrifugation suggested that the cotton leaf peroxidase occurs primarily in the cytosol.
12 citations
11 citations
11 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report on the concept of marginality as it applies to industrial organization and industrial management, focusing on ways in which marginality affects job satisfaction and in...
Abstract: The article reports on the concept of marginality as it applies to industrial organization and industrial management. The author focuses on ways in which marginality affects job satisfaction and in...
10 citations
TL;DR: The capacity of the bushbaby, Galago senegalensis, to discriminate intermittent visual stimuli was investigated and critical flicker frequency was estimated at four flash intensities by a modified method of limits.
Abstract: The capacity of the bushbaby, Galago senegalensis, to discriminate intermittent visual stimuli was investigated. Critical flicker frequency (CFF) was estimated at four flash intensities by a modified method of limits. The maximum behavioral CFF obtained for this nocturnal prosimian was 27.4/sec. Results were discussed in terms of the retinal structure of galago and were compared to human scotopic CFF.
TL;DR: This paper found that decisions made under a skill orientation were marked by a higher mean level of risk and a less variable pattern of risk than those made under chance orientation, and attempts to identify the process that mediated the relationship between skill-chance orientation and risk taking were unsuccessful.
Abstract: Whether a person believes the outcomes of his decisions are dependent upon skill or chance presumably influences the riskiness of his choices. 32 college students made a series of decisions while playing Jeopardy, a game which was perceived as requiring skill, and another series of decisions while playing a card game, the outcomes of which were believed to depend on chance. As expected, decisions made under a skill orientation were marked by (a) a higher mean level of risk and (b) a less variable pattern of risk than decisions made under a chance orientation. However, attempts to identify the process that mediated the relationship between skill-chance orientation and risk taking were unsuccessful.
TL;DR: This paper explored the effects of cooperation and competition on the riskiness of decisions made by members of a dyad in playing a carnival game and found that the dyads observed in this study consisted of friends who chose either to cooperate or to compete.
Abstract: An individual's decision to cooperate or to compete, and the antecedents and consequences of that choice, continue to occupy the attention of social theorists, researchers, and policy makers. Despite this concern, many questions about the quality of decisions emerging from cooperative and competitive relationships remain unanswered. One of these questions, surprisingly neglected by researchers, is whether or not cooperation and competition differentially influence risk-taking. The present study represented an initial attempt at providing an answer by exploring the effects of cooperation-competition upon the riskiness of decisions made by members of a dyad. The dyads observed in this study consisted of friends who chose either to cooperate or to compete in playing a carnival game. Was there any reason to expect that more risk would be taken under one than under the other condition? Kogan and Wallach (1967) have accounted for the "risky shift phenomenon" (the greater tendency toward risk among groups than
TL;DR: The implementation of hybrid Monte Carlo techniques for the solution of elliptical and parabolic partial differential equations with a small, general-purpose digital conputer, a modest analog computer, and a minimal interface is presented.
Abstract: Hybrid Monte Carlo Techniques for the solution of elliptical and parabolic partial differential equa tions have been developed. This paper primarily con cerns the implementation of these techniques with a small, general-purpose digital conputer, a modest analog computer, and a minimal interface.
TL;DR: Albino rabbits were trained in a classical discrimination conditioning task measuring heart rate (HR) conditioned responses (CRs) and the intensity of an electric shock US was adjusted daily to maintain approximately a 9% HR CR.
Abstract: 20 albino rabbits were trained in a classical discrimination conditioning task measuring heart rate (HR) conditioned responses (CRs). Depending upon an individual S's HR CR the intensity of an electric shock US was adjusted daily to maintain approximately a 9% HR CR. The method of shock adjustment and the mean values of intensity and resultant HR responding are presented.
TL;DR: This study demonstrates that rats can use odor cues to learn a T-maze discrimination task, thus supporting the findings of a previous study, and only a very small quantity of dried food was needed to supply odor.
Abstract: This study demonstrates that rats can use odor cues to learn a T-maze discrimination task, thus supporting the findings of a previous study. Furthermore, only a very small quantity of dried food (45 mg) was needed to supply odor for the discrimination. The use of odor cues arising from the food reinforcement can occur during initial training in a T-maze and is not dependent on training procedures which first require animals to use strong odor stimuli to make a discrimination. No definite conclusion about the role of animal odors as cues for a discrimination was possible with the data from this study.
TL;DR: Pechuman (1964) in his synopsis of the genus Merycomyia Hine recognized only 2 species, M. whitneyi (Johnson) and M. brunnea Stone and referred to the two collectively as “‘mystery’ insects” because at the time of his study Whitneyi was known from only 20 specimens and brunnea from only 11 specimens.
Abstract: Pechuman (1964) in his synopsis of the genus Merycomyia Hine recognized only 2 species, M. whitneyi (Johnson) and M. brunnea Stone and referred to the two collectively as “‘mystery’ insects” because at the time of his study whitneyi was known from only 20 specimens and brunnea from only 11 specimens. He further remarked that information on these species, other than that on locality labels, was meager and, regarding whitneyi , stated only that “Dr. Frank R. Shaw informs me that the male whitneyi he collected was hovering about 8 to 10 feet above the treeless top of Sargent Mountain.” The only additional data on this species were reported by Teskey (1969); he collected 4 larvae of the species, reared one, and furnished descriptions of the larva and pupa and some remarks on larval habitat. Regarding brunnea , Jones and Anthony (1964) cited several larval collections and subsequent rearings and collected 2 adult females, 1 the holotype; 1 of these females was observed and photographed while ovipositing on the leaf of Peltandra sp.
TL;DR: In this article, the performance of 6 pigeons was compared on chained and tandem VI-FR and VI-DRL schedules of reinforcement and the results showed that varying the value of the FR or DRL schedule in the case of the chained schedule was not beneficial.
Abstract: The performance of 6 pigeons was compared on chained and tandem VI-FR and VI-DRL schedules of reinforcement. In the case of the chained schedules, varying the value of the FR or DRL schedule in the...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the change in internal consistency of peer ratings in a classroom situation and found that peers have more opportunity to observe performance and that because of performing similar or identical functions in the same siruation they are more sensitive to variation in performance.
Abstract: Peer ratings have been judged to be reliable and valid measures of individual performance in various situations and generally less subject to observer-deficiency bias in comparison to ratings by superiors. General findings indicate that peers have more opportunity to observe performance and that because of performing similar or identical functions in the same siruation they are more sensitive to variation in performance. The remaining question then concerns the minimum duration of observation required to produce maximum reliability. Prien and Lee (1965) investigated the change in internal consistency of peer ratings in a classroom situation. Peer ratings were obtained following 10, 20, and 30 90-min. class meetings. The course format included combined lecture-discussion and discussion only sessions. The internal consistency of peer ratings was low but relatively constant for the three durations. Thus, the hypothesis relating internal consistency to exposure time was not supported, or more probably, the design of the study was faulty and did not provide an adequate test of the hypothesis. Therefore, a quasi-replication of the study was conducted to invest~gste the change of internal consistency of peer ratings associated with varying durations ot ~nrerpetsonal exposure time. Mechod.4~ were the 29 smdenrs, 11 females and 18 males, in a junior level industrial psychology course. The class met for 90 min. daily for 6 wk., with lecture plus disNS~O~ and discussion only on alternating days. The class was randomly divided into five discussion groups of 6, 6, 6, 6, and 5 members. The peer-rating instrument was the same one used in the previous study by Prien and Lee (1965). The rating instrument consists of four graphic scales. Each dimension is defined globally and behavioral definitions are provided for the scale anchor points and for the midpoint. The scale defiaitions were: Scale 1. Coordinarion and 0rgunizdion.The individual assembles information and relates the material to the problem being discussed. The effect he has on guiding the group toward decisions and the identification of points md situations which are irrelevant to group goals. Scale 2. Idem, Information, and Resourcer.-The individual draws from information and resources to give reliable ideas; his ideas are pertinent to the specific subject or project; he presents an interpretation of the topic and/or information. Scale 3. Effort.-The rate or degree to which this person utilizes source material and is a hard worker for the betterment of the group. Scale 4. Inte+personal Relatio7zr.-The influence of the individual's relationship on the personal reaction of others in the group. Results.-Intraclass correlation was used as the measure of judgmental consistency for each scale of each time period. The obtained coefficients appear in Table 1. Coefficients
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TL;DR: Weisner as mentioned in this paper devised a method for obtaining generating functions for sets of functions which satisfy certain conditions, such as the Hermite, Bessel, generalized Laguerre, and Gegenbauer.
Abstract: Weisner [1] has devised a method for obtaining generating functions for sets of functions which satisfy certain conditions. Among the functions which do satisfy these conditions are the Hermite (see Weisner [2]), the Bessel (see Weisner [3]), the generalized Laguerre, and the Gegenbauer.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of non-resonant dispersion on hyperbolic secant laser pulses is summarized by plotting the field intensity vs. a dimensionless variable with a single parameter characterizing the propagation medium.
TL;DR: In this paper, a tradition in our universities and educated public as to what education means is discussed, and what education is not information; it is not skill; and it is disciplined and flexible intelligence, ready to apply itself anywhere with clarity and precision.
Abstract: What is needed is a tradition in our universities and educated public as to what education means. It is not information; it is not skill; it is disciplined and flexible intelligence, ready to apply itself anywhere with clarity and precision1.
TL;DR: In this paper, the results indicate that magnesium pemoline temporarily increases overall response rate by producing extended runs of high-rate responding on drug sessions, and considerable overlap of shock rates occurred on experimental and control days.
Abstract: Two naive male albino rats received sham treatment for a total of 10 sessions, and two other Ss received drug and sham treatment on alternate sessions. All Ss were exposed to a 120-min Sidman avoidance session 2 h after injection. The results indicate that magnesium pemoline temporarily increases overall response rate by producing extended runs of high-rate responding on drug sessions. No session-to-session transfer effects were evident, and considerable overlap of shock rates occurred on experimental and control days. Some comments were made which related the results to the traditional learning-performance distinction.