Showing papers by "University of Memphis published in 2002"
TL;DR: The authors reviewed the book "Culture's Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations, Second Edition, by Geert Hofstede".
Abstract: The article reviews the book “Culture's Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations,” Second Edition, by Geert Hofstede.
6,062 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a theoretical framework for understanding the significance of four transacting cultural patterns, defined in terms of the dimensions of individualism-collectivism and verticalness-horizontalness, for their potential in moderating the effectiveness of cross-border transfer of organizational knowledge.
Abstract: Little is known about the effectiveness of cross-border transfer of organizational knowledge involving dissimilar cultural contexts. We propose a theoretical framework for understanding the significance of four transacting cultural patterns, defined in terms of the dimensions of individualism-collectivism and verticalness-horizontalness, for their potential in moderating the effectiveness of cross-border transfer of organizational knowledge. Drawing foundational support for this new framework from recent research advances in the area of knowledge transfer, we explore implications for future research.
787 citations
TL;DR: This article employed a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity-in-mean specification to test the impact of noise trader risk on both the formation of conditional volatility and expected return as suggested by De Long et al.
Abstract: Using the Investors' Intelligence sentiment index, we employ a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity-in-mean specification to test the impact of noise trader risk on both the formation of conditional volatility and expected return as suggested by De Long et al. [Journal of Political Economy 98 (1990) 703]. Our empirical results show that sentiment is a systematic risk that is priced. Excess returns are contemporaneously positively correlated with shifts in sentiment. Moreover, the magnitude of bullish (bearish) changes in sentiment leads to downward (upward) revisions in volatility and higher (lower) future excess returns.
574 citations
TL;DR: The authors examined 17 meta-analyses of comparisons of active treatments with each other, in contrast to the more usual comparisons of Active treatments with controls, yielding a mean uncorrected absolute effect size for Cohen's d of.20, which is small and non-significant.
Abstract: We examined 17 meta-analyses of comparisons of active treatments with each other, in contrast to the more usual comparisons of active treatments with controls. These meta-analyses yielded a mean uncorrected absolute effect size for Cohen's d of .20, which is small and non-significant (an equivalent Pearson's r would be. 10). The smallness of this effect size confirms Rosenzweig's supposition in 1936 about the likely results of such comparisons. In the present sample, when such differences were corrected for the therapeutic allegiance of the researchers involved in comparing the different psychotherapies, these differences tend to become even further reduced in size and significance, as shown previously by Luborsky, Diguer, Seligman, et al. (1999).
534 citations
TL;DR: A technique inspired by the negative selection mechanism of the immune system that can detect foreign patterns in the complement (nonself) space is presented, which demonstrates the usefulness of such a technique to detect a wide variety of intrusive activities on networked computers.
Abstract: This paper presents a technique inspired by the negative selection mechanism of the immune system that can detect foreign patterns in the complement (nonself) space. In particular, the novel pattern detectors (in the complement space) are evolved using a genetic search, which could differentiate varying degrees of abnormality in network traffic. The paper demonstrates the usefulness of such a technique to detect a wide variety of intrusive activities on networked computers. We also used a positive characterization method based on a nearest-neighbor classification. Experiments are performed using intrusion detection data sets and tested for validation. Some results are reported along with analysis and concluding remarks.
390 citations
TL;DR: The findings support the Newhouse conjecture that technological change is a major escalator of health care expenditure and confirm a significant and stable long-run relationship among per capita real health care Expenditure, per capitareal income and broad-based R&D expenditures.
315 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors employ reduced-rank regressions and QGG test statistic to analyze the common factor weight attributable to three informationally-linked exchanges for DJIA stocks over 1988-1995.
314 citations
TL;DR: Determinants of PA and SLH appear to differ from each other, particularly in boys, and development of effective programs to increase PA and/or decrease SLH in young adolescents should be based on a clear understanding of the determinants of these behaviors.
303 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, six explanations for the potential suasory advantage of metaphor over literal language were reviewed: (a) pleasure or relief, (b) communicator credibility, (c) reduced counterarguments, (d) resource-matching, stimulated elaboration, and (f) superior organization.
Abstract: Empirical investigations of metaphor's persuasive effects have produced mixed results. In an effort to integrate the literature, we present a review and meta-analytic summary of existing studies. Six explanations for the potential suasory advantage of metaphor over literal language were reviewed: (a) pleasure or relief, (b) communicator credibility, (c) reduced counterarguments, (d) resource-matching, (e) stimulated elaboration, and (f) superior organization. Next, a meta-analysis was conducted and the impact of seven moderator variables was tested. The overall effect for the metaphor-literal comparison for attitude change was r = .07, which supported the claim that metaphors enhance persuasion. The effect rose to r = .42 under optimal conditions, when a single, nonextended metaphor was novel, had a familiar target, and was used early in a message. Metaphor appeared to exert a small effect on perceptions of source dynamism (r = .06), but showed no demonstrable impact on competence (r =−.01) or character (r =−.02). Of the six theories considered, the superior organization explanation of metaphor's persuasive impact was most supported by the results.
273 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that using differences in the volumetric proportions of secondary osteons versus interstitial bone, and the properties of these elements/structures in isolation may be a more accurate method of determining differences in elastic modulus of whole bone between individuals of various ages.
271 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors draw on the resource-based view and research on "adhocracy" to study the determinants of success and failure of supply chains in an industrial setting.
Abstract: Supply chains are increasingly important, yet little is known about the determinants of their success and failure. Drawing on the resource-based view and research on “adhocracy,” in this study we e...
TL;DR: The digital economy has significantly altered the way business is conducted and financial information is communicated as mentioned in this paper, and a rapidly growing number of organizations are conducting business and publishing financial information online.
Abstract: The digital economy has significantly altered the way business is conducted and financial information is communicated. A rapidly growing number of organizations are conducting business and publishi...
TL;DR: Results show that the effects of anisotropy on nanoindentation measurements can be quantitatively evaluated and are shown to exhibit the same trends as the corrected Mexp data.
TL;DR: This paper used a growth-curve analysis to examine intraindividual self-esteem changes from early adolescence to early adulthood using 7 years of sequential data from the Family Health Study (762 subjects ages 11-16 in Year 1).
Abstract: Research on adolescent self-esteem has been inconsistent regarding development patterns and processes, with some scholars concluding that self-esteem is a static construct and others concluding that it is a dynamic construct A potential source of this inconsistency is the lack of attention to intraindividual changes in self-esteem across adolescence and to gender-specific developmental patterns Building on previous research, we use a growth-curve analysis to examine intraindividual self-esteem changes from early adolescence to early adulthood Using 7 years of sequential data from the Family Health Study (762 subjects ages 11–16 in Year 1), we estimated a hierarchical growth-curve model that emphasized the effects of age, life events, gender, and family cohesion on self-esteem The results indicated that age had a curvilinear relationship with self-esteem suggesting that during adolescence self-esteem is a dynamic rather than a static construct Furthermore, changes in self-esteem during adolescence were influenced by shifts in life events and family cohesion These processes were different for males and females, particularly during early adolescence
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of executive equity stakes on corporate strategy and firm value is examined in an agency-theoretic context, and it is shown that beneficial, risk-increasing corporate strategies may initially be emphasized but non-value-maximizing, risk reducing strategies may subsequently be emphasized as managers expand their stock ownership.
Abstract: In this study, we examine in an agency-theoretic context the influence of executive equity stakes upon corporate strategy and firm value. We argue that beneficial, risk-increasing corporate strategies may initially be emphasized but non-value-maximizing, risk-reducing strategies may subsequently be emphasized as managers expand their stock ownership. We alternatively contend that stock options may have a consistently positive impact on firm risk taking and acquisition returns. The empirical findings are supportive of our expectations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors prove the existence of a (C0) contraction semigroup generated by A, the closure of A, on a suitable Lp space, and on C(overline{A} and on \( C(\overline{\Omega}).
Abstract: Let Ω be a bounded subset of RN, \( a \in C^1(\overline\Omega) \) with \( a>0 \) in Ω and A be the operator defined by \( Au :=
abla\cdot (a
abla u) \) with the generalized Wentzell boundary condition.¶¶\( Au + \beta\frac{\partial u}{\partial n} + \gamma u=0\qquad \hbox{on} \quad\partial \Omega. \)¶¶If \( \partial\Omega \) is in C2, β and γ are nonnegative functions in \( C^1(\partial\Omega), \) with β > O, and \( \Gamma:=\{x\in\partial\Omega: a(x)>0\}
eq\emptyset \), then we prove the existence of a (C0) contraction semigroup generated by \( \overline{A} \), the closure of A, on a suitable Lp space, \( 1\le p $<$\infty \) and on \( C(\overline{\Omega}).\) Moreover, this semigroup is analytic if \( 1 $<$ p $<$\infty. \)
TL;DR: It is shown that if G is Kp+1-free then if δ be the minimal degree of G then This inequality supersedes inequalities of Stanley and Hong and is sharp for regular graphs and for a class of graphs which are in some sense maximally irregular.
Abstract: Let λ(G) be the largest eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of a graph G: We show that if G is Kp+1-free then ***** insert CODING here *****This inequality was first conjectured by Edwards and Elphick in 1983 and supersedes a series of previous results on upper bounds of λ(G).Let Ti denote the number of all i-cliques of G, λ = λ(G) and p = cl(G): We show ***** insert equation here *****Let δ be the minimal degree of G. We show ***** insert equation here *****This inequality supersedes inequalities of Stanley and Hong. It is sharp for regular graphs and for a class of graphs which are in some sense maximally irregular.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that the effect of acquisition-related factors on CEO compensation is contingent upon the intensity of monitoring activities, and that in firms with vigilant monitors, returns from monitoring are higher.
Abstract: Our theoretical argument is that the effect of acquisition-related factors on CEO compensation is contingent upon the intensity of monitoring activities. In firms with vigilant monitors, returns wi...
12 May 2002
TL;DR: A novel approach inspired by the immune system that allows the application of conventional classification algorithms to perform anomaly detection and produces fuzzy characterization of the normal (or abnormal) space.
Abstract: This paper presents a novel approach inspired by the immune system that allows the application of conventional classification algorithms to perform anomaly detection. This approach appears to be very useful where only positive samples are available to train an anomaly detection system. The proposed approach uses the positive samples to generate negative samples that are used as training data for a classification algorithm. In particular, the algorithm produces fuzzy characterization of the normal (or abnormal) space. This allows it to assign a degree of normalcy, represented by membership value, to elements of the space.
TL;DR: Investigation of the relationship between breakthrough pain (BTP) and the use of medical resources in a cancer population with pain indicated that cancer patients with BTP may sustain higher direct medical costs than patients without BTP.
TL;DR: This article examined the relation between the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory of cognitive abilities and reading achievement during childhood and adolescence, and found that CHC theory was associated with reading achievement.
Abstract: This study examined the relations between the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory of cognitive abilities and reading achievement during childhood and adolescence. In a large, nationally representativ...
TL;DR: Investigation of a popular batterers's intervention program in reducing repeated violence among men who were convicted of misdemeanor domestic violence found no significant differences between the experimental and control groups in their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors regarding domestic violence.
Abstract: This study investigated the effectiveness of a popular batterers's intervention program in reducing repeated violence among men who were convicted of misdemeanor domestic violence. A classical experimental design randomly assigned all 404 male defendants in Broward County Courthouse into an experimental (one-year probation and court-mandated counseling) or control (one-year probation only) conditions. The study followed these men for 12 months, collecting information from offenders' self-reports, victims' reports, and official measures of rearrests. No significant differences were found between the experimental and control groups in their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors regarding domestic violence; both groups were equally likely to engage in both minor and severe partner abuse. In addition, no significant differences were found between the two groups in their rates of rearrest. Further analyses indicated that stake-in-conformity variables (employment and age) predicted both attendance at treatment and ...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that foreign investors are inclined to favor such locations that could minimize information costs and offer a variety of agglomeration economies, and further research directions are discussed at the end.
Abstract: He C. (2002) Information costs, agglomeration economies and the location of foreign direct investment in China, Reg. Studies 36, 1029–1036. Foreign investors suffer from adverse information asymmetry and face internal and external uncertainties in host economies. Better access to information and a variety of agglomeration economies could attenuate the disadvantages that foreign investors encounter. Statistical results strongly buttress the argument that foreign investors are inclined to favour such locations that could minimize information costs and offer a variety of agglomeration economies. Theoretical and policy implications and further research directions are discussed at the end. 1 This paper was presented at the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association of Pacific Coast Geographers, Sept. 13–16, 2000, Arcata, CA.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the correlation between seismicity rate change following the 1992, M7.3, Landers, California, earthquake and characteristics of the complete Coulomb failure stress (CFS) changes (ΔCFS(t)) that this earthquake generated.
Abstract: [1] We examine the correlation between seismicity rate change following the 1992, M7.3, Landers, California, earthquake and characteristics of the complete Coulomb failure stress (CFS) changes (ΔCFS(t)) that this earthquake generated. At close distances the time-varying “dynamic” portion of the stress change depends on how the rupture develops temporally and spatially and arises from radiated seismic waves and from permanent coseismic fault displacement. The permanent “static” portion (ΔCFS) depends only on the final coseismic displacement. ΔCFS diminishes much more rapidly with distance than the transient, dynamic stress changes. A common interpretation of the strong correlation between ΔCFS and aftershocks is that load changes can advance or delay failure. Stress changes may also promote failure by physically altering properties of the fault or its environs. Because it is transient, ΔCFS(t) can alter the failure rate only by the latter means. We calculate both ΔCFS and the maximum positive value of ΔCFS(t) (peak ΔCFS(t)) using a reflectivity program. Input parameters are constrained by modeling Landers displacement seismograms. We quantify the correlation between maps of seismicity rate changes and maps of modeled ΔCFS and peak ΔCFS(t) and find agreement for both models. However, rupture directivity, which does not affect ΔCFS, creates larger peak ΔCFS(t) values northwest of the main shock. This asymmetry is also observed in seismicity rate changes but not in ΔCFS. This result implies that dynamic stress changes are as effective as static stress changes in triggering aftershocks and may trigger earthquakes long after the waves have passed.
TL;DR: The ribbon graph polynomial as discussed by the authors is a four-variable invariant polynomial invariant to the topological topology of disks and edges, which has all the properties of the Tutte polynomials.
Abstract: , i.e., graphs realized as disks (vertices) joined together by strips (edges) glued to their boundaries, corresponding to neighbourhoods of graphs embedded into surfaces. We construct a four-variable polynomial invariant of these objects, the ribbon graph polynomial, which has all the main properties of the Tutte polynomial. Although the ribbon graph polynomial extends the Tutte polynomial, its definition is very different, and it depends on the topological structure in an essential way.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the equity price reaction to the pronouncements related to accounting for stock-based compensation and assesses the value relevance of recognition versus disclosure in financial reporting.
TL;DR: Findings indicate that CLA does not appear to possess significant ergogenic value for experienced resistance-trained athletes and general markers of catabolism and immunity during training are not affected.
Abstract: Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are essential fatty acids that have been reported in animal studies to decrease catabolism, promote fat loss, increase bone density, enhance immunity, and serve as an antiatherogenic and anticarcinogenic agent. For this reason, CLA has been marketed as a supplement to promote weight loss and general health. CLA has also been heavily marketed to resistance-trained athletes as a supplement that may help lessen catabolism, decrease body fat, and promote greater gains in strength and muscle mass during training. Although basic research is promising, few studies have examined whether CLA supplementation during training enhances training adaptations and/or affects markers of health. This study evaluated whether CLA supplementation during resistance training affects body composition, strength, and/or general markers of catabolism and immunity. In a double-blind and randomized manner, 23 experienced, resistance-trained subjects were matched according to body mass and training volume and randomly assigned to supplement their diet with 9 g;pdd(-1) of an olive oil placebo or 6 g;pdd(-1) of CLA with 3 g;pdd(-1) of fatty acids for 28 days. Prior to and following supplementation, fasting blood samples, total body mass, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) determined body composition, and isotonic bench press and leg press 1 repetition maximums (1RMs) were determined. Results revealed that although some statistical trends were observed with moderate to large effect sizes, CLA supplementation did not significantly affect (p > 0.05) changes in total body mass, fat-free mass, fat mass, percent body fat, bone mass, strength, serum substrates, or general markers of catabolism and immunity during training. These findings indicate that CLA does not appear to possess significant ergogenic value for experienced resistance-trained athletes.
TL;DR: The role of values in determining how organizations are structured and operated has become an increasingly important area of study as discussed by the authors, however, little work has explored the way in which values are used.
Abstract: The role of values in determining how organizations are structured and operated has become an increasingly important area of study. As yet, however, little work has explored the way in which values...
TL;DR: Translations of the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA): Traducciones del Inventario Internacional de Resultados for Auxiliares Auditivos.
Abstract: (2002). Translations of the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA): Traducciones del Inventario Internacional de Resultados para Auxiliares Auditivos (IOI-HA) International Journal of Audiology: Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 3-26.