University of Memphis

About: University of Memphis is a education organization based out in Memphis, Tennessee, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 7710 authors who have published 20082 publications receiving 611618 citations. The organization is also known as: U of M.

Neglected aspects of exploratory and investigatory behavior

Abstract: This paper consists of a review of the literature on exploratory and investigatory behavior, with special attention to aspects of behavior that are clearly part of exploration and about which little is known. In accord with previous examinations of exploration, it is argued that exploration serves the function of information gathering. In addition, it is contended that the devlopment of comprehensive models of exploration would serve to benefit greatly both the study of basic processes in cognition and studies of the neurobiology of learning and memory. Most data available as of this writing focus on the spatial character of exploration, but the open-field test most commonly used has serious conceptual and methodological flaws, which are discussed. A larger problem lies in the scarcity of knowledge about other aspects of exploration—that is, investigation of objects. Finally, this paper argues the need for extensive descriptive information about the spontaneous exploratory behavior of rats. Such an account, if available, could be used as benchmark data for establishing the basic behavioral units in spontaneous investigation and for studying the effects of diverse central nervous system interventions on behaviors previously shown to be involved in the acquisition of new information—that is, learning.

Three-dimensional VP and VS structural models associated with the active subduction and collision tectonics in the Taiwan region

Abstract: SUMMARY 3-D VP and VS models for the crust and upper mantle beneath the Taiwan area have been determined using selected high-resolution earthquake data from an island-wide seismic network and two local seismic arrays. Lateral structural variations in the upper crust, as also evident from surface geology, are responsible for the observed large traveltime residuals or station corrections. Prior shallow velocity information inferred from traveltime residuals and joint hypocentral determination (JHD) station corrections for the uppermost crust is essential to facilitate a reliable tomographic inversion. A finite-difference method, that is efficient and accurate for a highly heterogeneous velocity structure, is applied to calculate P- and S-wave traveltimes from the source to receiving stations. All earthquakes in the Taiwan Central Weather Bureau’s catalogue are then relocated using the resultant 3-D VP and VS models. The depth of the Moho varies significantly, especially along the east‐west direction. In the western Coastal Plain and Western Foothills the depth of the Moho is around 35 km, which deepens gradually eastward, reaches a maximum depth of ∼55 km beneath the eastern Central Mountain Range, shallows up rapidly beneath the Longitudinal Valley and Coastal Range, and merges with the thin Philippine Sea Plate offshore of eastern Taiwan. In central Taiwan, the Central Mountain Range is bounded to the east and west by two steeply westward dipping active faults from the upper crust to a depth of about 30 km. Therefore, the uplifted and thickened Central Mountain Range serves as a backstop for the converging Eurasian and Philippine Sea plates. The crust beneath the Central Mountain Range is characterized by a brittle, high-velocity and seismically active upper crust (<15 km) and a ductile, low-velocity and aseismic mid-to-lower crust (below 15 km), most probably due to the high geothermal activity from the excess heat supplied from the hot upper mantle beneath the thin oceanic crust to the east, from the surrounding hotter upper mantle beneath the thickened continental crust, and from shear heating during active collision. The collision zone in eastern Taiwan is characterized by an active and steeply eastward dipping seismic zone along a region of low VP and high VP/VS ratio near the Taitung region in southeastern Taiwan. It transforms into an active westward steeply dipping seismic zone along a transition zone between the high VP and VS oceanic crust and the low VP and VS continental crust near Hualien region in central eastern Taiwan. There is no apparent seismicity within many sedimentary basins imaged from the tomographic inversion. However, af ew basins are either bounded on one side by an active fault or are characterized by blind faults beneath. The geometry of the subduction zone in northeastern Taiwan can be clearly imaged from the relocated earthquake locations. Behind the subduction, a region of low VP and high VP/VS ratio at depths of 5 to 10 km can be identified beneath the Tatun-Chilung volcano group indicating a potential magma reservoir. Two steeply dipping linear seismic zones in the volcano region may mark the upward escape paths of the magmatic materials in the region.

National Study of Chronic Disease Self-Management Six-Month Outcome Findings

Abstract: Objective: To investigate how the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program (CDSMP) changes health outcomes, lifestyle behaviors, and health care service utilization over a 6 month period. Method: The participants were 1,170 adults enrolled in the National Study of CDSMP in 2010-2012 (M age = 65.4 years). Six-month assessments were available for 903 participants. Linear mixed models and generalized linear mixed models were used to assess the changes between baseline and 6-month assessment for primary and secondary outcomes among CDSMP participants. Results: Social/role activities limitations, depression, and communication with physicians improved significantly from baseline to 6-month follow-up. Study participants reported significant improvements in more physical activity and less emergency room (ER) visits and hospitalization during that period. Discussion: Nationally, CDSMP not only improves health outcomes and lifestyle behaviors but also decreases costly ER visits and hospitalization. Geriatricians and...

Electrical stimulation at a frequency higher than basal rate in human stomach.

Abstract: Electrical stimulation, or pacing of the stomach has been advocated as a possible treatment for gastric motor dysfunction (1± 11). The rationale stems from the important role played by the electrical control activity (ECA) component of gastric electrical activity (GEA). To date, researchers have employed frequencies similar to, or slightly higher than the native ECA frequency in gastric stimulation (1± 11). In another study, we demonstrated a comparative superiority of high-frequency (ie, several times the basal rate) gastric electrical stimulation (GES) over low-frequency (similar to the basal rate) stimulation in the canine stomach (12). In that study, GES at 20 cycles/min elicited the largest motility index in canine stomach of all the frequencies tested. Compared with the nominal canine ECA frequency of 5 cycles/min, this implies a frequency of approximately four times the physiologic rate. In the present study, we elected a similar higher than physiologic frequency signal to investigate the ef® cacy of GES in improving gastric emptying and symptoms in a patient with refractory diabetic gastroparesis. We chose a pacing signal of 12 cycles/min, approximately four times the nominal physiologic frequency of 3 cycles/min in the human stomach. CASE REPORT