University of Memphis

About: University of Memphis is a education organization based out in Memphis, Tennessee, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 7710 authors who have published 20082 publications receiving 611618 citations. The organization is also known as: U of M.

Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide on flat metallic cathodes

Abstract: The most important methods for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide on flat metallic cathodes have been systematically summarized using a novel classification approach. In contrast to the usual classification systems that were based solely on the products of electrolysis, the electroreduction procedures have been grouped according to both the nature of the cathode (sp or d group metal electrodes) and the solvent used for the supporting electrolyte (aqueous or nonaqueous solutions). The new classification system allows the identity of the electroreduction product to be better related to the nature of the metallic electrode and the supporting electrolyte. Similar reduction products are formed by each of the four possible combinations of electrodes and supporting electrolytes (sp group metals in aqueous and nonaqueous electrolytes, and d group metals in aqueous and nonaqueous electrolytes, respectively). The discussion has included both synthetic aspects and mechanistic considerations. Of special interest in this review is the discussion of procedures for the selective preparation of formic acid and for the manufacturing of hydrocarbons and/or alcohols using carbon dioxide as the carbon source.

Gender Disparity in STEM Disciplines: A Study of Faculty Attrition and Turnover Intentions

Abstract: This study examines the underrepresentation of women faculty in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) by comparing the intentions of attrition and turnover between genders in Research and Doctoral universities. It is found that the two genders did not differ in their intentions to depart from academia, but women faculty had a significantly higher likelihood to change positions within academia. The indications are that women and men are equally committed to their academic careers in STEM; nonetheless, women’s stronger turnover intentions are highly correlated with dissatisfaction with research support, advancement opportunities, and free expression of ideas. The findings suggest that the underrepresentation of women is more convincingly explained by an academic culture that provides women fewer opportunities, limited support, and inequity in leadership, rather than by gender-based differences such as roles in family responsibilities. Changes in academic STEM culture are needed in order to attract more women scientists and narrow the current gender gap.

The role of emotional exhaustion in sales force attitude and behavior relationships

Abstract: Emotional exhaustion is a potentially important construct in examining sales force behavior and attitude relationships. A conceptual model and hypotheses are developed to study the antecedents and consequences of the emotional exhaustion construct. The hypotheses are tested using LISREL 7 to analyze data from a sample of field salespeople from a large international services organization. The empirical results offer strong support for relationships involving role ambiguity and conflict antecedents and organizational commitment, job satisfaction, performance, and intention-to-leave consequences of emotional exhaustion.

Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking: Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behavior In Two U.S. Samples

Abstract: Despite evidence of increasing waterpipe tobacco smoking prevalence among U.S. young adults, little is known about the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and smoking patterns of waterpipe users in this population. To address this lack of knowledge, two convenience samples of U.S. waterpipe users were surveyed—one from a Richmond, Virginia, waterpipe cafe (n=101), the other from an Internet forum called HookahForum.com (n=100). Sixty percent reported first-time waterpipe use at or before age 18. Daily waterpipe use was reported by 19%, weekly use by 41%, and monthly use by 29%. Waterpipe use was more common during the weekend (75%) than during weekdays (43%). Forty-four percent reported spending ≥60 min smoking tobacco during a waterpipe session. The majority of waterpipe users owned a waterpipe (57%) and purchased it on the Internet (71%). Many waterpipe users smoked the sweetened and flavored tobacco (i.e., maassel), and fruit flavors were the most popular (54%). Past month use of cigarettes, tobacco products other than cigarettes or waterpipe, and alcohol was 54%, 33%, and 80% respectively, and 36% reported past-month marijuana use. Most waterpipe users were confident about their ability to quit (96%), but only a minority (32%) intended to quit. Most waterpipe users believed waterpipe tobacco smoking was less harmful and addictive than cigarettes. These results are from small convenience samples; more detailed study of a larger group of randomly sampled U.S. waterpipe tobacco smokers will be valuable in understanding this behavior and developing effective strategies to prevent it.

Anomaly Detection Using Real-Valued Negative Selection

Abstract: This paper describes a real-valued representation for the negative selection algorithm and its applications to anomaly detection. In many anomaly detection applications, only positive (normal) samples are available for training purpose. However, conventional classification algorithms need samples for all classes (e.g. normal and abnormal) during the training phase. This approach uses only normal samples to generate abnormal samples, which are used as input to a classification algorithm. This hybrid approach is compared against an anomaly detection technique that uses self-organizing maps to cluster the normal data sets (samples). Experiments are performed with different data sets and some results are reported.