Showing papers by "University of Milan published in 1970"
TL;DR: It was found that each lymphocyte had immunoglobulins synthesized under the influence of only one of two alleles, and a very small proportion of lymphocytes could be shown to have a specific surface reaction with one antigen (horse ferritin); the proportion of these cells increased very much after immunization.
Abstract: Small and medium lymphocytes from the peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues of the rabbit react in suspension with antibodies directed against different immunoglobulin determinants. Through immunofluorescence, it was possible to show that numerous discrete spots on the surface of the positive lymphocytes carry immunoglobulin molecules.
The positive lymphocytes are about one-half of all lymphocytes in the different preparations; thymus lymphocytes are all negative.
With antisera specific for rabbit IgM as well as with antisera directed against allotypic determinants specific for IgM or IgG, it was possible to show that about nine-tenths of the immunoglobulin-positive lymphocytes carry IgM molecules on their surface.
With antisera directed against a - and b -locus determinants, it was also possible to demonstrate that both heavy and light chains were present in the surface immunoglobulins. Furthermore, in animals which were heterozygous at the a or the b locus, it was found that each lymphocyte had immunoglobulins synthesized under the influence of only one of two alleles.
A very small proportion of lymphocytes could be shown to have a specific surface reaction with one antigen (horse ferritin); the proportion of these cells increased very much after immunization.
499 citations
TL;DR: Control and unilaterally brain-damaged patients were given two tests requiring the exploration of space through the visual and the tactile modalities and this finding lends support to the hypothesis that hemi-inattention does not depend so much on perceptual and motor factors as on a mutilated representation of space.
195 citations
TL;DR: This second class of DNA has been isolated by preparative CsCl centrifugation from a pool of the light fractions obtained from DNA-Hg 2+ Cs 2 SO 4 centrifugations, and tends to renature after heat-denaturation, as shown by the shift of its density towards the native value in neutral Cs cl.
171 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that the early rise of blood pressure might be produced by the increase of PRC, while 3–6 days after the constriction the expansion of PV with the increase in CO contributed to the maintenance of the hypertension.
Abstract: 1. The renal artery to a lone remaining kidney was constricted in fourteen concious dogs. The following variables were measured in all animals: blood pressure (BP), cardiac rate (CR), plasma renin concentration (PRC), plasma volume (PV), extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) and plasma non-protein nitrogen (NPN). Sodium balance was estimated in eleven dogs. Cardiac output (CO), total peripheral resistence (TPR) and stroke volume (SV) were measured in nine dogs. Angiotensin responsiveness (AR) was measured in six animals. 2. Within 2 hr the following changes occurred: a sharp increment of BP, PRC and TPR, with initial reduction or no change in CO and CR; SV and PV were not changed. The linear regression of BP changes on PRC changes did not differ statistically from the one previously obtained during the infusion of exogenous renin in the conscious dog. AR was much depressed at 2 hr. 3. After 24 hr a slight but significant sodium retention developed, while PV and ECFV and SV increased, CO remained unchanged owing to a decrease of CR. PRC tended to return toward normal while BP remained high. Thus the linear regression between these two variables disappeared. At this stage AR increased toward normal and in two dogs exceeded normal. 4. On days 3–4 and 6–7 after constriction, CO increased owing to a rise of SV, while TPR decreased. PV and ECFV were expanded while sodium balance was maintained. AR varied very much in the individual dogs according mainly to changes of PRC, sodium balance and PV. 5. On days 12–14 sodium balance became positive again, PRC returned within normal levels in almost all the dogs. PV and ECFV also tended to decrease to normal. CO and AR were measured in only two dogs at this stage. 6. It is suggested that the early rise of blood pressure might be produced by the increase of PRC, while 3–6 days after the constriction the expansion of PV with the increase of CO contributed to the maintenance of the hypertension.
159 citations
TL;DR: It was found that essential fatty acid deficiency initiated in rats prior to birth and continued for one year affects brain lipids to an extent which differs in the two sexes.
Abstract: —Essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency initiated in rats prior to birth and continued for one year affects brain lipids to an extent which differs in the two sexes. It was found that:
(1) Brain weight and lipid content were decreased in deficient conditions, especially in males.
(2) Total phospholipids were present in lower concentrations, particularly in the deficient male brain, while the percentage of the major phospholipid classes-ethanolamine phosphoglyceride (EPG), choline phosphoglyceride (CPG) and serine phosphoglyceride (SPG) did not change.
(3) Brain EPG, CPG and SPG had distinctive fatty acid patterns differing greatly in polyunsaturation content. PE acids of control females had elevated monoenes and reduced saturates in comparison with control males. This sex difference was lost in the deficient animals.
(4) Polyunsaturated fatty acids of EPG, CPG and SPG were markedly changed in animals lacking dietary linoleic acid. Trienoic (C20 and C22) and docosapentaenoic acids were greatly increased, whereas arachidonic, docosatetraenoic and docosahexaenoic acids were much decreased.
(5) In spite of the changes in fatty acid composition each of the three phospholipid classes maintained its particular level of unsaturation during EFA deficiency.
(6) EPG aldehydes did not change appreciably in deficient conditions.
137 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the adsorption of ethylene glycol has been studied from 0.1 M aqueous solutions of NaF, KCl, KBr, and KI using the method of the capillary electrometer.
107 citations
TL;DR: Using a new antibody, obtained from a multiply-transfused patient, a new antigen has been detected by gel diffusion, and this has been called epidemic-hepatitis-associated antigen (E.H.A.A.)
55 citations
TL;DR: La durata media delle fasi del ciclo cellulare (G1, S e G2) e del tempo di generazione totale (G T) in una linea stabilizzata di cellule di Drosophila melanogaster risulta essere rispettivamente di 1.8, 10.0, 7.2 e 18.8 ore.
Abstract: La durata media delle fasi del ciclo cellulare (G1, S e G2) e del tempo di generazione totale (G
T
) in una linea stabilizzata di cellule diDrosophila melanogaster risulta essere rispettivamente di 1.8, 10.0, 7.2 e 18.8 ore.
51 citations
TL;DR: The possibility that a certain number of lymphoreticular sarcomas could arise concomitantly in Waldeyer's ring and in the gastrointestinal tract is discussed.
Abstract: A total of 225 consecutive untreated patients with lymphoreticular sarcomas with primary involvement of Waldeyer's ring was evaluated (151 without lymphography and 74 with lymphography). On admission, the anatomical distribution of the primary growth within Waldeyer's ring was as follows: tonsil, 40%; nasopharynx, 27.5%; base of tongue, 2.7%; soft palate, 2.7%; oropharynx, 0.9%; other sites, 26.2%. In the group studied without lymphography, the disease was confined to Waldeyer's ring in 22.5% of cases and had spread to the cervical nodes in 62.3% and to distant nodes in 15.2%. In the group studied more recently with lymphography, these figures were 13.5%, 41.9%, and 44.6%, respectively. At the time of initial evaluation, the lymphoma involved extranodal sites in only 24 of 225. In the 74 cases evaluated with lymphography, the mode of spread was studied by observing the first site of recurrence after radiotherapy. New manifestations occurred in most patients within 2 years from the end of treatment and preferentially in extranodal sites. The involvement of the gastointestinal tract, either at the time of admission or early in the follow-up, was 20% in the group studied with lymphography. The possibility that a certain number of lymphoreticular sarcomas could arise concomitantly in Waldeyer's ring and in the gastrointestinal tract is discussed.
51 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the low temperature reflectivity of Li and Na halides between 5 and 10 eV was investigated and attributed to the exciton-phonon interaction, and the fine structure accompanying the lowest exciton has been detected in some crystals.
Abstract: New results on the low temperature reflectivity of Li and Na halides between 5 and 10 eV are reported and discussed on the basis of recent band structure calculations. Furthermore, fine structure accompanying the lowest exciton has been detected in some crystals. This structure is examined in detail and attributed to the exciton-phonon interaction.
49 citations
TL;DR: The incidence and histological characteristics of tumours induced in offspring by the administration of ethylnitrosourea to pregnant rats and the relation of the tumour type to the time of its appearance are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, a group of 16 athletes from different countries, competing in different events, on the occasion of the Olympic Games in Mexico (2300 m above sea level), were determined by means of indirect methods on the athletes' maximal aerobic and anaerobic power, together with fat-free body weight.
Abstract: Maximal aerobic and anaerobic power, together with fat-free body weight, were determined by means of indirect methods on a group of L16 athletes from different countries, competing in different events, on the occasion of the Olympic Games in Mexico (2300 m above sea level). The highest absolute value in terms of maximal aerobic energy expenditure was observed in the rowers (4400 ml O2/min or 2·1 hp), while if referred to 1 kg body weight the highest value was observed in long-distance runners (65 ml O2/kg min) In terms of maximal anaerobic power, values of about 200 ml/kg min, if expressed in energy (O2) consumption, or 0·025 hp/kg, if expressed in mechanical work performed, were observed on pentathlotes and sprinters. The fat content of Olympic athletes, independent of their speciality, is significantly lower than that of ordinary people. No significant difference has been found, in terms of maximal aerobic and anaerobic power relative to fat-free body weight, between athletes and members of the ordinary...
TL;DR: The contraction time measured in the four species indicates that the diaphragm has intermediate characteristics between “fast” and “slow” muscles, and the compliance of the series elastic elements and that the duration of the active state decreases from dogs to cats and from cats to rabbits.
TL;DR: The results, while pointing to a hypothalamic site of action for the GH-releasing effect of catecholamines, tend to focus on the lateral ventricle of the brain.
Abstract: The effect of norepinephrine (NE) or dopamine (DA) on the growth hormonereleasing (GRF) activity in the hypothalamus and plasma of intact or hypophysectomized rats was studied by administering the catecholamines into the lateral ventricle of the brain. Growth hormone-releasing activity was evaluated by the depletion of pituitary growth hormone produced by intracarotid injection of hypothalamic extracts or plasma. NE and DA at doses known to be effective in depleting GH from the pituitary (0.5 μg) induced in intact and hypophysectomized rats disappearance of GRF activity from the hypothalamus and its appearance in plasma from hypophysectomized but not from intact rats. Unlike adrenergic compounds, serotonin (0.5 μg) was inactive. In intact rats NE given intraventricularly induced a depletion of pituitary GH activity at doses from 0.05 to 0.0025 μg. Dopamine at a dose of 0.005 μg was inactive. These results, while pointing to a hypothalamic site of action for the GH-releasing effect of catecholamines, tend ...
TL;DR: In this article, the reactions of metal carbonyl clusters are classified in: (a) photolysis, pyrolysis and S N 1 substitutions, oxidation and reactions with electrophilic reagents, reduction and nucleophilic attack.
Abstract: The reactions of metal carbonyl clusters are classified in: (a) photolysis, pyrolysis and S N 1 substitutions, (b) oxidation and reactions with electrophilic reagents, (c) reduction and (d) nucleophilic attack. For a qualitative discussion of the electronic spectra and of some S N 1 reactions the presence of molecular orbitals having both metal–metal and metal–carbon character, which are delocalized over the whole cluster, is assumed. Such a delocalized situation, formally similar to that of organic aromatic compounds, also agrees with the reactivity of the carbonyl clusters toward electrophilic agents and with facile reduction by alkali metals. On the contrary some common examples of reactions with nucleophilic agents are discussed considering a localized attack on the carbon atom of a carbonyl group, analogous to that observed with organic carbonyl compounds.
TL;DR: In this article, the energies of 1-phenyl-naphthalene, 2 -phenyl naphthalenes, 1-(1 −naphthyl-)naphtha]ene, 1 −2 naphtha, and 2 −2 π naphthymalene have been calculated as a function of the twist angle.
TL;DR: It is concluded that in the guinea‐pig pancreas, stimulation of enzyme secretion does not affect per se the rate of synthesis of digestive enzymes and that the increase of protein synthesis elicited by caerulein is critically dependent both on the nature of the segretagogue and on the experimental conditions.
Abstract: 1. Caerulein produced a striking increase in the rate of secretion of the guinea-pig pancreas. When tested in vivo with pancreatic slices its optimal concentration was found to be 2·5 ng/ml. In vivo the intravenous injection of 400 ng/kg and the subcutaneous injection of 4 μg/kg of the drug produced marked secretory responses.
2. Neither incubation of pancreatic slices in vitro for various lengths of time in the presence of caerulein nor the intravenous injection of the drug brought about any detectable changes in the rate of 14C-L-leucine incorporation into protein of pancreatic slices incubated in vitro. By contrast, a two-fold increase in the incorporation of leucine was found in fasting animals injected subcutaneously with caerulein twice a day for 4 days. The same treatment in fed animals, or one single dose of caerulein injected subcutaneously 4 h before killing in guinea-pigs starved for 4 days did not affect the rate of incorporation. Moreover the long term treatment with the cholinergic segretagogue bethanechol in fasted guinea-pigs was also ineffective.
3. It is concluded (a) that in the guinea-pig pancreas, stimulation of enzyme secretion does not affect per se the rate of synthesis of digestive enzymes; and (b) that the increase of protein synthesis elicited by caerulein is critically dependent both on the nature of the segretagogue (that is, it is elicited by the polypeptide but not by a cholinergic drug) and on the experimental conditions (it is evident only in fasted animals after prolonged treatment).
TL;DR: A strain of Aspergillus terreus which produces an L-asparaginase active against Walker 256 ascites carcinosarcoma6 has now been isolated.
Abstract: IT is well known that L-asparaginase (L-asparagine amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.1) is the antitumour agent in guineapig serum1. The same antitumour activity has been demonstrated for the L-asparaginase from Escherichia coli2 and recently for that from Erwinia carotovora3. L-Asparaginase preparations from other bacteria2,4 or yeast5 have no inhibitory action. After screening a number of microorganisms, a strain of Aspergillus terreus which produces an L-asparaginase active against Walker 256 ascites carcinosarcoma6 has now been isolated.
TL;DR: In this article, the sedative effect of a placebo given by mouth was investigated in two series of subjects on the sedation effect of two types of drugs, and the incidence of side effects was the same in both males and females, the commonest being depression of the central nervous system.
Abstract: Observations have been made in two series of subjects on the sedative effect of a placebo given by mouth. As far as the colour of the capsules and the order of administration are concerned, males appear to react differently to placebos from females. — The incidence of side effects is the same in both males and females, the commonest being depression of the central nervous system.
TL;DR: In this article, a series of chemical etchants useful for the determination of the pitting corrosion susceptibility of various types of stainless steels is described, and the influence of each simple etchant component, the steel type and the metal surface preparation has been evaluated in regard to the intensity and morphology of the attack.
TL;DR: It is proposed that myelin composition is fixed, and that a deficiency of one of the lipid components will limit the assembly of the whole lipid portion of the membrane.
Abstract: Inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis AY 9944 and 20,25 diazacholesterol were administered by stomach tube to suckling rats in varying doses during the time of rapid myelination (15–22 days of age). Purified myelin was prepared from the brains and spinal cords, and the sterol content analyzed. Up to 50% of the myelin sterol consisted of desmosterol in rats treated with 20,25 diazacholesterol, while 7-dehydrocholesterol comprised at least one third of the myelin sterol in rats administered AY 9944. Myelin from rats treated with both compounds contained desmosterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol, Δ5,7,24 cholestatriene-3-β-ol and an unknown sterol, the four comprising about 45% of the total sterol. The proportion of phospholipid: galactolipid-total sterol in myelin from the drug-treated rats was not significantly different from the normal, although much less myelin was recovered. Brain and spinal cord slices from 22 to 25-day rats pretreated with inhibitors showed decreased uptake of U-14C-glucose into all myelin components. The decreased uptake was approximately proportional in all lipids and the protein was also affected. It is proposed that myelin composition is fixed, and that a deficiency of one of the lipid components will limit the assembly of the whole lipid portion of the membrane.
TL;DR: A search for pulsed gamma ray emission from NP 0532 has been carried out with a balloon-borne experiment using a spark chamber as the central detector.
Abstract: A SEARCH for pulsed gamma ray emission from NP 0532 has been carried out with a balloon-borne experiment using a spark chamber as the central detector. This pulsar, situated in the Crab Nebula, is already known to pulsate in the radio, optical and X-ray range1–5.
TL;DR: On the whole, ribosomes obtained from ischemic livers seem to be reduced in number, less aggregated, and less efficient in carrying out protein synthesis.
TL;DR: Inosine enhances iron absorption in in vivo (rat, Wistar strain) and in isolated small intestine (same animal) and these metabolites, separately administered, positively affect intestinal iron absorption.
TL;DR: In this article, the intrinsic optical absorption spectrum of CrCl3 has been investigated in the 0.6 to 6 eV region at temperatures from 80 to 300 °K, and the spectral distribution of photocurrent at ≈ 80 °K was measured and showed weak peaks associated with the main crystal field bands and a sharp increase at shorter wavelengths.
Abstract: The intrinsic optical absorption spectrum of CrCl3 has been investigated in the 0.6 to 6 eV region at temperatures from 80 to 300 °K. A careful analysis of the crystal field bands in the 0.6 to 3 eV region has revealed some structures and details, such as an Urbach's rule edge, not previously reported. The optical anisotropy of CrCl3 was also studied over the same spectral range. In the region between 3 and 8 eV reflectivity spectra were also obtained. The refractive index of CrCl3 has been determined on evaporated films from 1000 to 380 nm [n(500nm) = 1.85 ± 0.1]. The spectral distribution of photocurrent at ≈ 80 °K was measured and showed weak peaks associated with the main crystal field bands and a sharp increase at shorter wavelengths; maximum photoconductivity yield was reached at (3.2 ± 0.2) eV. The data on the crystal field bands are discussed and some new structures are assigned to specific electronic transitions. Account is taken of the spin—orbit interaction among the various multiplets and the trigonal distortion of the octahedral symmetry of the Cr3+ environment. A discussion of the optical and photoconductivity data in the 3 to 8 eV region is given and alternative explanations of the absorption edge at 3.2 eV are proposed.
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: On the basis of a series of cases of crossing-over a tentative map is proposed in which a linear order is presented for the genes or gene complexes which control the blood groups of this blood group system.
Abstract: In this report a series of cases of irregular transmission of blood groups of the system B in cattle will be presented. The irregularities are considered to be a result of crossing-over within the chromosomal region which controls this blood group system. On the basis of a series of cases of crossing-over a tentative map is proposed in which a linear order is presented for the genes or gene complexes which control the blood groups of this system.
TL;DR: In this article, a serie d'etudes inter-culturelles consacree a l'effet de l'equite sur le comportement de choix, dans un jeu de type Dilemme du Prisonnier.
Abstract: Une serie d'etudes inter-culturelles a ete consacree a l'effet de l'equite sur le comportement de choix, dans un jeu de type Dilemme du Prisonnier. Les resultats anterieurement collectes montrent que les sujets americains choisissent de maximiser leur gain en fonction de leur niveau d'estime de soi: une distribution des recompenses en fonction du merite semble correspondre a un besoin d'equite; mais les sujets italiens qui ont une faible estime d'eux-měmes tendent a maximiser plus frequemment leur gain: ils ont tendance a ětre “ego-defensifs”. Dans les etudes qui sont presentees ici, une recompense initiale est donnee a l'un des deux partenaires, sur la base d'un “test” d'aptitude a la prediction (Distribution Juste), ou bien la recompense est donnee arbitrairement, sans tenir compte du test (Distribution Injuste). Les sujets doivent ensuite faire une serie de cinquante choix. Les choix des sujets americains refletent un besoin d'equite dans la condition Distribution Injuste, le sujet qui a recu ...
TL;DR: The authors studied the induction of tumours of the central nervous system in rats by the chronic administration of methylnitrosourea, finding oligodendrogliomas, isomorphous and polymorphous gliomas were the most frequent tumours.
TL;DR: The serial changes of the acute phase reactive proteins ( α 1 -antitrypsin, orosomucoid, haptoglobin, and β 1A -globulin) in the serum of 51 patients with myocardial infarction are reported.
TL;DR: In this paper, a variational analysis of the Bose-Einstein condensate fraction was performed using a new approximate integral equation for the pair distribution function, which is more accurate for repulsive potentials than the Percus-Yevick equation.
Abstract: A trial wave function describing the ground state of a quantum system of $N$ interacting bosons is written in the Jastrow form, a product of pair functions. With the interaction potential chosen to represent liquid ${\mathrm{He}}^{4}$, and with the parametrized form of the pair function chosen to include a long-range term which has been found necessary to represent the zero-point motion of the long-wavelength density oscillations, a variational calculation has been performed using a new approximate integral equation for the pair distribution function. This equation, which can also be used for classical fluids, is found to be more accurate for repulsive potentials than the Percus-Yevick equation and comparable to (but much simpler than) the Percus-Yevick 2 equation. The essential results are that including the zero-point motion in the wave function tends to lower the energy, raises the equilibrium density, corrects the behavior of the structure function and the momentum distribution of the particles in the low-wave-number region, and slightly decreases the Bose-Einstein condensate fraction. The value of the lower limit on the wavelength of the density oscillations was determined variationally to be about three interparticle spacings.