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Institution

University of Milan

EducationMilan, Italy
About: University of Milan is a education organization based out in Milan, Italy. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Transplantation. The organization has 58413 authors who have published 139784 publications receiving 4636354 citations. The organization is also known as: Università degli Studi di Milano & Statale.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Three separate genetic loci for the long QT syndrome including mutations in two cardiac ionic channel genes were associated with different phenotypic T-wave patterns on the ECG, providing insight into the influence of genetic factors on ECG manifestations of ventricular repolarization.
Abstract: Background The long QT syndrome is an inherited disorder with prolonged ventricular repolarization and a propensity to ventricular tachyarrhythmias and sudden arrhythmic death. Recent linkage studies have demonstrated three separate loci for this disorder on chromosomes 3, 7, and 11, and specific mutated genes for long QT syndrome have been identified on two of these chromosomes. We investigated ECG T-wave patterns (phenotypes) in members of families linked to three genetically distinct forms of the long QT syndrome. Methods and Results Five quantitative ECG repolarization parameters, ie, four Bazett-corrected time intervals (QTonset-c, QTpeak-c, QTc, and Tduration-c, in milliseconds) and the absolute height of the T wave (Tamplitude, in millivolts), were measured in 153 members of six families with long QT syndrome linked to markers on chromosomes 3 (n=47), 7 (n=30), and 11 (n=76). Genotypic data were used to define each family member as being affected or unaffected with long QT syndrome. Affected member...

593 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that CT scan lung density and oxygen exchange efficiency are correlated; the main effect of augmenting PEEP is to recruit perfused alveolar units that were previously collapsed.
Abstract: Twenty-two patients with acute respiratory failure underwent lung computed tomography (CT) and physiological measurements at 5, 10, and 15 cm H2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) to investigate the relationship between morphology and function. Lung densities were primarily concentrated in the dependent regions. From the frequency distribution of CT numbers (difference in x-ray attenuation between water and lung) and lung gas volume measurements the authors obtained a quantitative estimate of normally inflated, poorly inflated, and non-inflated lung tissue weight. This estimated average lung weight was increased twofold above normal and excess lung weight correlated with the mean pulmonary artery pressure (P less than 0.01). Venous admixture correlated with the non-inflated tissue mass (P less than 0.01). Increasing PEEP caused progressive clearing of radiographic densities and increased the mass of normally inflated tissue (anatomic recruitment), while reducing venous admixture. The cardiac index decreased after increasing PEEP while oxygen delivery was unchanged. The authors conclude that CT scan lung density and oxygen exchange efficiency are correlated; the main effect of augmenting PEEP is to recruit perfused alveolar units that were previously collapsed.

593 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The primary target audience of this position paper is clinicians who have limited orientation with CPX but whose caregiving would be enhanced by familiarity and application of this assessment, and a series of forms designed to highlight the utility of CPX in clinical decision-making.
Abstract: From an evidence-based perspective, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) is a well-supported assessment technique in both the United States (US) and Europe. The combination of standard exercise testing (ET) (ie, progressive exercise provocation in association with serial electrocardiograms [ECG], hemodynamics, oxygen saturation, and subjective symptoms) and measurement of ventilatory gas exchange amounts to a superior method to: 1) accurately quantify cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), 2) delineate the physiologic system(s) underlying exercise responses, which can be applied as a means to identify the exercise-limiting pathophysiologic mechanism(s) and/or performance differences, and 3) formulate function-based prognostic stratification. Cardiopulmonary ET certainly carries an additional cost as well as competency requirements and is not an essential component of evaluation in all patient populations. However, there are several conditions of confirmed, suspected, or unknown etiology where the data gained from this form of ET is highly valuable in terms of clinical decision making.1 Several CPX statements have been published by well-respected organizations in both the US and Europe.1–5 Despite these prominent reports and the plethora of pertinent medical literature which they feature, underutilization of CPX persists. This discrepancy is at least partly attributable to the fact that the currently available CPX consensus statements are inherently complex and fail to convey succinct, clinically centered strategies to utilize CPX indices effectively. Likewise, current CPX software packages generate an overwhelming abundance of data, which to most clinicians are incomprehensible and abstract. Ironically, in contrast to the protracted scientific statements and dense CPX data outputs, the list of CPX variables that have proven clinical application is concise and uncomplicated. Therefore, the goal of this writing group is to present an approach of CPX in a way that assists in making meaningful decisions regarding a patient’s care. Experts from the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation and American Heart Association have joined in this effort to distill easy-to-follow guidance on CPX interpretation based upon current scientific evidence. This document also provides a series of forms that are designed to highlight the utility of CPX in clinical decision-making. Not only will this improve patient management, it will also catalyze uniform and unambiguous data interpretation across laboratories on an international level. The primary target audience of this position paper is clinicians who have limited orientation with CPX but whose caregiving would be enhanced by familiarity and application of this assessment. The ultimate goal is to increase awareness of the value of CPX and to increase the number of healthcare professionals who are able to perform clinically meaningful CPX interpretation. Moreover, this document will hopefully lead to an increase in appropriate patient referrals to CPX with enhanced efficiencies in patient management. For more detailed information on CPX, including procedures for patient preparation, equipment calibration, and conducting the test, readers are encouraged to review other publications that address these and other topics in great detail.1–5

591 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Several psychological factors are associated with pain secondary to neurological conditions and should be acknowledged and addressed in order to effectively treat this condition.
Abstract: Background In order to provide effective care to patients suffering from chronic pain secondary to neurological diseases, health professionals must appraise the role of the psychosocial factors in the genesis and maintenance of this condition whilst considering how emotions and cognitions influence the course of treatment. Furthermore, it is important not only to recognize the psychological reactions to pain that are common to the various conditions, but also to evaluate how these syndromes differ with regards to the psychological factors that may be involved. As an extensive evaluation of these factors is still lacking, the Italian Consensus Conference on Pain in Neurorehabilitation aimed to collate the evidence available across these topics. Objectives To determine the psychological factors which are associated with or predictive of pain secondary to neurological conditions and to assess the influence of these aspects on the outcome of neurorehabilitation. Methods Two reviews were performed. In the first, a PUBMED search of the studies assessing the association between psychological factors and pain or the predictive value of these aspects with respect to chronic pain was conducted. The included papers were then rated with regards to their methodological quality and recommendations were made accordingly. In the second study, the same methodology was used to collect the available evidence on the predictive role of psychological factors on the therapeutic response to pain treatments in the setting of neurorehabilitation. Results The first literature search identified 1170 results and the final database included 189 articles. Factors such as depression, anxiety, pain catastrophizing, coping strategies and cognitive functions were found to be associated with pain across the various conditions. However, there are differences between chronic musculoskeletal pain, migraine, neuropathy and conditions associated with complex disability with regards to the psychological aspects that are involved. The second PUBMED search yielded 252 studies, which were all evaluated. Anxiety, depression, pain catastrophizing, coping strategies and pain beliefs were found to be associated to different degrees with the outcomes of multidisciplinary programs, surgery, physical therapies and psychological interventions. Conclusions Several psychological factors are associated with pain secondary to neurological conditions and should be acknowledged and addressed.

591 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Neil Gehrels1, Craig L. Sarazin2, P. T. O'Brien3, Bing Zhang4, L. M. Barbier1, Scott Barthelmy1, A. J. Blustin5, David N. Burrows6, J. K. Cannizzo1, J. K. Cannizzo7, Jay Cummings8, Jay Cummings1, Michael R. Goad3, Stephen T. Holland1, Stephen T. Holland9, Cheryl Hurkett3, J. A. Kennea6, Andrew J. Levan3, C. B. Markwardt1, C. B. Markwardt10, Keith O. Mason5, Peter Mészáros6, M. J. Page5, David Palmer11, Evert Rol3, T. Sakamoto8, T. Sakamoto1, Richard Willingale3, Lorella Angelini7, Lorella Angelini1, Andrew P. Beardmore3, Patricia T. Boyd7, Patricia T. Boyd1, A. A. Breeveld5, Sergio Campana12, M. M. Chester6, Guido Chincarini13, Guido Chincarini14, L. R. Cominsky15, Giancarlo Cusumano13, M. de Pasquale5, Edward E. Fenimore11, Paolo Giommi, Caryl Gronwall6, Dirk Grupe6, Joanne E. Hill6, D. Hinshaw1, Jens Hjorth16, D. Hullinger10, D. Hullinger1, Kevin Hurley17, Sylvio Klose, Shiho Kobayashi6, Chryssa Kouveliotou18, Hans A. Krimm9, Hans A. Krimm1, Vanessa Mangano12, F. E. Marshall1, Katherine E. McGowan5, A. Moretti12, Richard Mushotzky1, Kazuhiro Nakazawa, Jay P. Norris1, John A. Nousek6, J. P. Osborne3, K. L. Page3, A. M. Parsons1, Sandeep K. Patel9, M. Perri, T. S. Poole5, P. Romano12, P. W. A. Roming6, Stuart Rosen5, G. Sato, Patricia Schady5, Alan P. Smale, Jesper Sollerman19, R. L. C. Starling20, Martin Still1, Martin Still9, Masaya Suzuki21, Gianpiero Tagliaferri12, Tadayuki Takahashi, Makoto Tashiro21, Jack Tueller1, Alan A. Wells3, Nicholas E. White1, Ralph A. M. J. Wijers20 
06 Oct 2005-Nature
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported the detection of the X-ray afterglow from the short burst GRB 050509B and its location on the sky is near a luminous, non-star-forming elliptical galaxy at a redshift of 0.225.
Abstract: Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are either ‘long and soft’, or ‘short and hard’. The long-duration type leave a strong afterglow and have been extensively studied. So we have a good idea of what causes them: explosions of massive stars in distant star-forming galaxies. Short GRBs, with no strong afterglow, were harder to pin down. The Swift satellite, launched last November, is designed to study bursts as soon as they happen. Having shown its worth with long GRBs (reported in the 18 August issue of Nature), Swift has now bagged a short burst, GRB 050509B, precisely measured its location and detected the X-ray afterglow. Four papers this week report on this and another recent short burst. Now, over 20 years after they were first recognized, the likely origin of the short GRBs is revealed as a merger between neutron stars of a binary system and the instantaneous production of a black hole. Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) come in two classes1: long (> 2 s), soft-spectrum bursts and short, hard events. Most progress has been made on understanding the long GRBs, which are typically observed at high redshift (z ≈ 1) and found in subluminous star-forming host galaxies. They are likely to be produced in core-collapse explosions of massive stars2. In contrast, no short GRB had been accurately (< 10″) and rapidly (minutes) located. Here we report the detection of the X-ray afterglow from—and the localization of—the short burst GRB 050509B. Its position on the sky is near a luminous, non-star-forming elliptical galaxy at a redshift of 0.225, which is the location one would expect3,4 if the origin of this GRB is through the merger of neutron-star or black-hole binaries. The X-ray afterglow was weak and faded below the detection limit within a few hours; no optical afterglow was detected to stringent limits, explaining the past difficulty in localizing short GRBs.

590 citations


Authors

Showing all 58902 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Yi Cui2201015199725
Peter J. Barnes1941530166618
Thomas C. Südhof191653118007
Charles A. Dinarello1901058139668
Alberto Mantovani1831397163826
John J.V. McMurray1781389184502
Giuseppe Remuzzi1721226160440
Russel J. Reiter1691646121010
Jean Louis Vincent1611667163721
Tobin J. Marks1591621111604
Tomas Hökfelt158103395979
José Baselga156707122498
Naveed Sattar1551326116368
Silvia Franceschi1551340112504
Frederik Barkhof1541449104982
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023240
2022777
20219,390
20209,000
20197,475
20186,804