Institution
University of Milan
Education•Milan, Italy•
About: University of Milan is a education organization based out in Milan, Italy. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Transplantation. The organization has 58413 authors who have published 139784 publications receiving 4636354 citations. The organization is also known as: Università degli Studi di Milano & Statale.
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01 Nov 2009TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare three promising methods of microrobot swimming (using magnetic fields to rotate helical propellers that mimic bacterial flagella, using magnetic forces to oscillate a magnetic head with a rigidly attached elastic tail, and pulling directly with magnetic field gradients) considering practical hardware limitations in the generation of magnetic fields.
Abstract: Microrobots have the potential to dramatically change many aspects of medicine by navigating through bodily fluids to perform targeted diagnosis and therapy. Researchers have proposed numerous micro-robotic swimming methods, with the vast majority utilizing magnetic fields to wirelessly power and control the microrobot. In this paper, we compare three promising methods of microrobot swimming (using magnetic fields to rotate helical propellers that mimic bacterial flagella, using magnetic fields to oscillate a magnetic head with a rigidly attached elastic tail, and pulling directly with magnetic field gradients) considering practical hardware limitations in the generation of magnetic fields. We find that helical propellers and elastic tails have very comparable performance, and they generally become more desirable than gradient pulling as size decreases and as distance from the magnetic-field-generation source increases. We provide a discussion of why helical propellers are likely the best overall choice for in vivo applications.
556 citations
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01 Jul 1990
TL;DR: These general guidelines will be of assistance to standardize the assessment of islet isolations, making it possible to better interpret and compare procedures from different centers.
Abstract: Recent progress in islet isolation from the pancreas of large mammals including man, accentuated the need for the development of precise and reproducible techniques to assess islet yield. In this report both quantitative and qualitative criteria for islet isolation assessment were discussed, the main topics being the determination of number, volume, purity, morphologic integrity andin vitro andin vivo function tests of the final islet preparations. It has been recommended that dithizone should be used as a specific stain for immediate detection of islet tissue making it possible to estimate both the total number of islets (dividing them into classes of 50 µ diameter range increments) and the purity of the final preparation. Appropriate morphological assessment should include confirmation of islet identification, assessment of the morphological integrity and of the purity of the islet preparation. The use of fluorometric inclusion and exclusion dyes together have been suggested as a viability assay to simultaneously quantitate the proportion of cells that are intact or damaged. Perifusion of islets with glucose provides a dynamic profile of glucose-mediated insulin release and of the ability of the cells to down regulate insulin secretion after the glycemic challenge is interrupted. Although perifusion data provides a useful guide to islet viability the quantity and kinetics of insulin release do not necessarily predict islet performance after implantation. Therefore, the ultimate test of islet viability is their function after transplantation into a diabetic recipient. For this reason,in vivo models of transplantation of an aliquot of the final islet preparation into diabetic nude (athymic) rodents have been suggested. We hope that these general guidelines will be of assistance to standardize the assessment of islet isolations, making it possible to better interpret and compare procedures from different centers.
555 citations
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TL;DR: SPTL-ABs without associated HPS have an excellent prognosis, and multiagent chemotherapy as first choice of treatment should be questioned, while SPTL-GDs often showed (epi)dermal involvement and/or ulceration, a CD4-, CD8-, CD56+/-, betaF1- T-cell phenotype, and poor prognosis (5-year OS: 11%), irrespective of the presence of HPS or type of treatment.
555 citations
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TL;DR: The therapeutic efficacy of interferon alfa-2a in HCV-associated cryoglobulinemia is closely related to its antiviral activity, thus supporting the idea that HCV infection may be a cause of this disease.
Abstract: Background Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia is frequently associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. A beneficial effect of interferon alfa therapy has been reported, but we do not know whether the antiviral activity of the drug affects the clinical and biochemical manifestations of disease. Methods In a prospective randomized, controlled trial, we studied 53 patients with HCV-associated type II cryoglobulinemia. A group of 27 patients received recombinant interferon alfa-2a thrice weekly at a dose of 1.5 million units for a week and then 3 million units thrice weekly for the following 23 weeks. The 26 control patients did not receive anything apart from previously prescribed treatments. All patients were then followed for an additional 24 to 48 weeks. Results Interferon was usually well tolerated, but it was permanently discontinued in two patients because of atrial fibrillation and depression. Two of the 26 patients in the control group were lost to follow-up. After the treatment period, serum H...
554 citations
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University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center1, Queen's University2, Laval University3, Osaka University4, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev5, VU University Amsterdam6, University of Milan7, University of São Paulo8, Harvard University9, University of Surrey10, University of Padua11, University of New South Wales12, University of Colorado Denver13
TL;DR: The evidence for visceral adiposity and ectopic fat as emerging risk factors for type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease, with a focus on practical recommendations for health professionals and future directions for research and clinical practice is summarised.
553 citations
Authors
Showing all 58902 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Yi Cui | 220 | 1015 | 199725 |
Peter J. Barnes | 194 | 1530 | 166618 |
Thomas C. Südhof | 191 | 653 | 118007 |
Charles A. Dinarello | 190 | 1058 | 139668 |
Alberto Mantovani | 183 | 1397 | 163826 |
John J.V. McMurray | 178 | 1389 | 184502 |
Giuseppe Remuzzi | 172 | 1226 | 160440 |
Russel J. Reiter | 169 | 1646 | 121010 |
Jean Louis Vincent | 161 | 1667 | 163721 |
Tobin J. Marks | 159 | 1621 | 111604 |
Tomas Hökfelt | 158 | 1033 | 95979 |
José Baselga | 156 | 707 | 122498 |
Naveed Sattar | 155 | 1326 | 116368 |
Silvia Franceschi | 155 | 1340 | 112504 |
Frederik Barkhof | 154 | 1449 | 104982 |