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Institution

University of Milan

EducationMilan, Italy
About: University of Milan is a education organization based out in Milan, Italy. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Transplantation. The organization has 58413 authors who have published 139784 publications receiving 4636354 citations. The organization is also known as: Università degli Studi di Milano & Statale.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In vitro assays unveil a hierarchy of immunoregulatory activity among MDSC subsets that is controlled by tumor‐released GM‐CSF, and Gene silencing experiments indicated that GM‐ CSF was necessary to induce preferential expansion of both CD11b+/Gr‐1int and CD11B+/ Gr‐1low subsets in the spleen of tumor‐bearing mice and mediate tumor‐induced tolerance.
Abstract: CD11b+/Gr-1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) contribute to tumor immune evasion by restraining the activity of CD8+ T-cells. Two major MDSC subsets were recently shown to play an equal role in MDSC-induced immune dysfunctions: monocytic- and granulocytic-like. We isolated three fractions of MDSC, i.e. CD11b+/Gr-1high, CD11b+/Gr-1int, and CD11b+/Gr-1low populations that were characterized morphologically, phenotypically and functionally in different tumor models. In vitro assays showed that CD11b+/Gr-1int cell subset, mainly comprising monocytes and myeloid precursors, was always capable to suppress CD8+ T-cell activation, while CD11b+/Gr-1high cells, mostly granulocytes, exerted appreciable suppression only in some tumor models and when present in high numbers. The CD11b+/Gr-1int but not CD11b+/Gr-1high cells were also immunosuppressive in vivo following adoptive transfer. CD11b+/Gr-1low cells retained the immunosuppressive potential in most tumor models. Gene silencing experiments indicated that GM-CSF was necessary to induce preferential expansion of both CD11b+/Gr-1int and CD11b+/Gr-1low subsets in the spleen of tumor-bearing mice and mediate tumor-induced tolerance whereas G-CSF, which preferentially expanded CD11b+/Gr-1high cells, did not create such immunosuppressive environment. GM-CSF also acted on granulocyte-macrophage progenitors in the bone marrow inducing local expansion of CD11b+/Gr-1low cells. These data unveil a hierarchy of immunoregulatory activity among MDSC subsets that is controlled by tumor-released GM-CSF.

529 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: These experiments provide further support on the relationships between the "long Q-T" syndrome and the sympathetic nervous system and indicate that alternation of the T-wave may depend on abrupt increases in the sympathetic discharge.

528 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the origin of photoactivity change in anatase and rutile induced by substitutional cheating using state-of-the-art density functional theory calculations.
Abstract: We have investigated the origin of the experimentally observed change in photoactivity of anatase and rutile ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$ induced by substitutional $\mathrm{N}$-doping using state-of-the-art density functional theory calculations. Our results show that in both polymorphs $\mathrm{N}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}2p$ localized states just above the top of the $\mathrm{O}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}2p$ valence are present. In anatase these states cause a redshift of the absorption band edge towards the visible region. In rutile, instead, this effect is offset by the concomitant $\mathrm{N}$-induced contraction of the $\mathrm{O}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}2p$ band, resulting in an overall increase of the optical transition energy. Experimental trends are well described by these results.

528 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Since protein content and quality were high and comparable for prepupae reared on different substrates, black soldier fly could be an interesting protein source for animal feeds, however, differences in EE and ash content as a function of substrate should be considered.
Abstract: BACKGROUND Black soldier fly larvae are converters of organic waste into edible biomass, of which the composition may depend on the substrate. In this study, larvae were grown on four substrates: chicken feed, vegetable waste, biogas digestate, and restaurant waste. Samples of prepupae and substrates were freeze-dried and proximate, amino acid, fatty acid and mineral analyses were performed. RESULTS Protein content of prepupae varied between 399 and 431 g kg−1 dry matter (DM) among treatments. Differences in amino acid profile of prepupae were small. On the other hand, the ether extract (EE) and ash contents differed substantially. Prepupae reared on digestate were low in EE and high in ash (218 and 197 g kg−1 DM, respectively) compared to those reared on vegetable waste (371 and 96 g kg−1 DM, respectively), chicken feed (336 and 100 g kg−1 DM, respectively) and restaurant waste (386 and 27 g kg−1 DM, respectively). Prepupal fatty acid profiles were characterised by high levels of C12:0 in all treatments. CONCLUSION Since protein content and quality were high and comparable for prepupae reared on different substrates, black soldier fly could be an interesting protein source for animal feeds. However, differences in EE and ash content as a function of substrate should be considered. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry

528 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Despite the favourable mortality trends worldwide, in some countries the declines are becoming less marked, and the predictions for 2015 show that a levelling off of rates is expected in the USA and a few other countries.

528 citations


Authors

Showing all 58902 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Yi Cui2201015199725
Peter J. Barnes1941530166618
Thomas C. Südhof191653118007
Charles A. Dinarello1901058139668
Alberto Mantovani1831397163826
John J.V. McMurray1781389184502
Giuseppe Remuzzi1721226160440
Russel J. Reiter1691646121010
Jean Louis Vincent1611667163721
Tobin J. Marks1591621111604
Tomas Hökfelt158103395979
José Baselga156707122498
Naveed Sattar1551326116368
Silvia Franceschi1551340112504
Frederik Barkhof1541449104982
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023240
2022777
20219,390
20209,000
20197,475
20186,804