University of Milan

About: University of Milan is a education organization based out in Milan, Italy. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Medicine. The organization has 58413 authors who have published 139784 publications receiving 4636354 citations. The organization is also known as: Università degli Studi di Milano & Statale.

Guidelines for the management of adult lower respiratory tract infections

Abstract: Guidelines for the management of adult lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) were first published by a Task Force of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) in 1998 [1]. In 2005, a completely revised version was produced, this time by a joint Task Force of the ERS and the European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) [2]. They used up-to-date methodology for guideline development, including a transparent and objective systematic literature search strategy, and evidence and recommendation grading [2]. Now, 6 yrs later, a joint Task Force of the two Societies, using the same methodology as in 2005, has produced a further update of these guidelines incorporating publications through to May 2010. The Task Force included an epidemiologist with expertise in guideline methodology and experts in the specialty areas relevant to LRTI management, including general practice, microbiology, infectious diseases, respiratory medicine, intensive care and public health. A short version of the guidelines containing only the recommendations has now been published in Clinical Microbiology and Infection [3], with more detailed versions available on each Society’s website. The guidelines cover the breadth of adult community-acquired respiratory infection, including prevention (both vaccine- and nonvaccine-related), infections in the community and infections in those admitted to hospital, including pneumonia, exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and exacerbations of bronchiectasis. The …

Niche-independent symmetrical self-renewal of a mammalian tissue stem cell.

Abstract: Pluripotent mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells multiply in simple monoculture by symmetrical divisions In vivo, however, stem cells are generally thought to depend on specialised cellular microenvironments and to undergo predominantly asymmetric divisions Ex vivo expansion of pure populations of tissue stem cells has proven elusive Neural progenitor cells are propagated in combination with differentiating progeny in floating clusters called neurospheres The proportion of stem cells in neurospheres is low, however, and they cannot be directly observed or interrogated Here we demonstrate that the complex neurosphere environment is dispensable for stem cell maintenance, and that the combination of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) is sufficient for derivation and continuous expansion by symmetrical division of pure cultures of neural stem (NS) cells NS cells were derived first from mouse ES cells Neural lineage induction was followed by growth factor addition in basal culture media In the presence of only EGF and FGF-2, resulting NS cells proliferate continuously, are diploid, and clonogenic After prolonged expansion, they remain able to differentiate efficiently into neurons and astrocytes in vitro and upon transplantation into the adult brain Colonies generated from single NS cells all produce neurons upon growth factor withdrawal NS cells uniformly express morphological, cell biological, and molecular features of radial glia, developmental precursors of neurons and glia Consistent with this profile, adherent NS cell lines can readily be established from foetal mouse brain Similar NS cells can be generated from human ES cells and human foetal brain The extrinsic factors EGF plus FGF-2 are sufficient to sustain pure symmetrical self-renewing divisions of NS cells The resultant cultures constitute the first known example of tissue-specific stem cells that can be propagated without accompanying differentiation These homogenous cultures will enable delineation of molecular mechanisms that define a tissue-specific stem cell and allow direct comparison with pluripotent ES cells

Trail making test: normative values from 287 normal adult controls

Abstract: The Trail Making Test (TMT), which explores visual-conceptual and visual-motor tracking, is a frequently used neuropsychological test because of its ease of administration and sensitivity to brain damage. In this paper, norms are provided for the time scores derived from parts A and B, and for the (B-A) difference. The data were collected from 287 adult Italian subjects stratified by gender, schooling and age (from 20 to 79 years). The test scores were affected by age, education and general intelligence (as expressed by Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices). Only for part A did females have longer time scores than males. Test-retest reliability was high for each score.

Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis and Treatment in Patients With Cancer: ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline Update

Abstract: PURPOSETo provide updated recommendations about prophylaxis and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with cancer.METHODSPubMed and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized...