Institution
University of Milan
Education•Milan, Italy•
About: University of Milan is a education organization based out in Milan, Italy. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Medicine. The organization has 58413 authors who have published 139784 publications receiving 4636354 citations. The organization is also known as: Università degli Studi di Milano & Statale.
Topics: Population, Medicine, Cancer, Blood pressure, Transplantation
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: It is found that the stability of the net ecosystem denitrification in the face of salinity stress was strongly influenced by the initial evenness of the community, therefore, when communities are highly uneven, or there is extreme dominance by one or a few species, their functioning is less resistant to environmental stress.
Abstract: Owing to the present global biodiversity crisis, the biodiversity-stability relationship and the effect of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning have become major topics in ecology. Biodiversity is a complex term that includes taxonomic, functional, spatial and temporal aspects of organismic diversity, with species richness (the number of species) and evenness (the relative abundance of species) considered among the most important measures. With few exceptions (see, for example, ref. 6), the majority of studies of biodiversity-functioning and biodiversity-stability theory have predominantly examined richness. Here we show, using microbial microcosms, that initial community evenness is a key factor in preserving the functional stability of an ecosystem. Using experimental manipulations of both richness and initial evenness in microcosms with denitrifying bacterial communities, we found that the stability of the net ecosystem denitrification in the face of salinity stress was strongly influenced by the initial evenness of the community. Therefore, when communities are highly uneven, or there is extreme dominance by one or a few species, their functioning is less resistant to environmental stress. Further unravelling how evenness influences ecosystem processes in natural and humanized environments constitutes a major future conceptual challenge.
866 citations
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TL;DR: Evidence is given that multivariate models--which allow evaluation of the interactions between changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and other biological signals in the time or frequency domains--offer a more comprehensive approach to the assessment of cardiovascular regulation than that represented by the separate analysis of fluctuations inBlood pressure or heart rate only.
Abstract: Blood pressure variability includes rhythmic and nonrhythmic fluctuations that, with the use of spectral analysis, appear as clear peaks or broadband power, respectively. This review offer...
864 citations
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TL;DR: An electroencephalographic-derived index of human consciousness that reflects the information content of the brain’s response to a magnetic stimulus is defined, and appears to be a robust measure that distinguishes conscious from unconscious states well enough to be used on an individual basis, a prerequisite for deployment in the clinic.
Abstract: One challenging aspect of the clinical assessment of brain-injured, unresponsive patients is the lack of an objective measure of consciousness that is independent of the subject's ability to interact with the external environment. Theoretical considerations suggest that consciousness depends on the brain's ability to support complex activity patterns that are, at once, distributed among interacting cortical areas (integrated) and differentiated in space and time (information-rich). We introduce and test a theory-driven index of the level of consciousness called the perturbational complexity index (PCI). PCI is calculated by (i) perturbing the cortex with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to engage distributed interactions in the brain (integration) and (ii) compressing the spatiotemporal pattern of these electrocortical responses to measure their algorithmic complexity (information). We test PCI on a large data set of TMS-evoked potentials recorded in healthy subjects during wakefulness, dreaming, nonrapid eye movement sleep, and different levels of sedation induced by anesthetic agents (midazolam, xenon, and propofol), as well as in patients who had emerged from coma (vegetative state, minimally conscious state, and locked-in syndrome). PCI reliably discriminated the level of consciousness in single individuals during wakefulness, sleep, and anesthesia, as well as in patients who had emerged from coma and recovered a minimal level of consciousness. PCI can potentially be used for objective determination of the level of consciousness at the bedside.
863 citations
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TL;DR: The HISTALP database as mentioned in this paper consists of monthly homogenised records of temperature, pressure, precipitation, sunshine and cloudiness for the "Greater Alpine Region" (GAR, 4-19°E, 43-49°N, 0-3500m asl).
Abstract: This paper describes the HISTALP database, consisting of monthly homogenised records of temperature, pressure, precipitation, sunshine and cloudiness for the ‘Greater Alpine Region’ (GAR, 4–19°E, 43–49°N, 0–3500m asl). The longest temperature and air pressure series extend back to 1760, precipitation to 1800, cloudiness to the 1840s and sunshine to the 1880s. A systematic QC procedure has been applied to the series and a high number of inhomogeneities (more than 2500) and outliers (more than 5000) have been detected and removed. The 557 HISTALP series are kept in different data modes: original and homogenised, gap-filled and outlier corrected station mode series, grid-1 series (anomaly fields at 1° × 1°, lat × long) and Coarse Resolution Subregional (CRS) mean series according to an EOF-based regionalisation. The leading climate variability features within the GAR are discussed through selected examples and a concluding linear trend analysis for 100, 50 and 25-year subperiods for the four horizontal and two altitudinal CRSs. Among the key findings of the trend analysis is the parallel centennial decrease/increase of both temperature and air pressure in the 19th/20th century. The 20th century increase (+1.2 °C/+ 1.1 hPa for annual GAR-means) evolved stepwise with a first peak near 1950 and the second increase (1.3 °C/0.6hPa per 25 years) starting in the 1970s. Centennial and decadal scale temperature trends were identical for all subregions. Air pressure, sunshine and cloudiness show significant differences between low versus high elevations. A long-term increase of the high-elevation series relative to the low-elevation series is given for sunshine and air pressure. Of special interest is the exceptional high correlation near 0.9 between the series on mean temperature and air pressure difference (high-minus low-elevation). This, further developed via some atmospheric statics and thermodynamics, allows the creation of ‘barometric temperature series’ without use of the measures of temperature. They support the measured temperature trends in the region. Precipitation shows the most significant regional and seasonal differences with, e.g., remarkable opposite 20th century evolution for NW (9% increase) versus SE (9% decrease). Other long- and short-term features are discussed and indicate the promising potential of the new database for further analyses and applications. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society.
860 citations
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International Agency for Research on Cancer1, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart2, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center3, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul4, University of São Paulo5, National Institutes of Health6, Brown University7, Harvard University8, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation9, University of Milan10, Pennsylvania State University11, University of Lausanne12, University of Buenos Aires13, Universidade Federal de Pelotas14, Boston University15, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill16, University of Iowa17, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center18, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine19, Russian Academy20, Medical University of Warsaw21, University of California, Los Angeles22
TL;DR: It is confirmed that the joint effect between tobacco and alcohol use is greater than multiplicative on head and neck cancer risk, however, a substantial proportion of head and head cancers cannot be attributed to tobacco or alcohol use, particularly for oral cavity cancer and for head andneck cancer among women and among young-onset cases.
Abstract: Background: The magnitude of risk conferred by the interaction between tobacco and alcohol use on the risk of head and neck cancers is not clear because studies have used various methods to quantify the excess head and neck cancer burden. Methods: We analyzed individual-level pooled data from 17 European and American case-control studies (11,221 cases and 16,168 controls) participating in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology consortium. We estimated the multiplicative interaction parameter ( ψ ) and population attributable risks (PAR). Results: A greater than multiplicative joint effect between ever tobacco and alcohol use was observed for head and neck cancer risk ( ψ = 2.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.53-3.04). The PAR for tobacco or alcohol was 72% (95% confidence interval, 61-79%) for head and neck cancer, of which 4% was due to alcohol alone, 33% was due to tobacco alone, and 35% was due to tobacco and alcohol combined. The total PAR differed by subsite (64% for oral cavity cancer, 72% for pharyngeal cancer, 89% for laryngeal cancer), by sex (74% for men, 57% for women), by age (33% for cases 60 years), and by region (84% in Europe, 51% in North America, 83% in Latin America). Conclusions: Our results confirm that the joint effect between tobacco and alcohol use is greater than multiplicative on head and neck cancer risk. However, a substantial proportion of head and neck cancers cannot be attributed to tobacco or alcohol use, particularly for oral cavity cancer and for head and neck cancer among women and among young-onset cases. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(2):541–50)
858 citations
Authors
Showing all 58902 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Yi Cui | 220 | 1015 | 199725 |
Peter J. Barnes | 194 | 1530 | 166618 |
Thomas C. Südhof | 191 | 653 | 118007 |
Charles A. Dinarello | 190 | 1058 | 139668 |
Alberto Mantovani | 183 | 1397 | 163826 |
John J.V. McMurray | 178 | 1389 | 184502 |
Giuseppe Remuzzi | 172 | 1226 | 160440 |
Russel J. Reiter | 169 | 1646 | 121010 |
Jean Louis Vincent | 161 | 1667 | 163721 |
Tobin J. Marks | 159 | 1621 | 111604 |
Tomas Hökfelt | 158 | 1033 | 95979 |
José Baselga | 156 | 707 | 122498 |
Naveed Sattar | 155 | 1326 | 116368 |
Silvia Franceschi | 155 | 1340 | 112504 |
Frederik Barkhof | 154 | 1449 | 104982 |