Institution
University of Milan
Education•Milan, Italy•
About: University of Milan is a education organization based out in Milan, Italy. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Medicine. The organization has 58413 authors who have published 139784 publications receiving 4636354 citations. The organization is also known as: Università degli Studi di Milano & Statale.
Topics: Population, Medicine, Cancer, Blood pressure, Transplantation
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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INAF1, Pennsylvania State University2, University of Milan3, Goddard Space Flight Center4, National Research Council5, Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics6, International School for Advanced Studies7, Weizmann Institute of Science8, University of Nevada, Las Vegas9, Nanjing University10, Polaris Industries11, University of Leicester12, Sonoma State University13, Universities Space Research Association14, Los Alamos National Laboratory15
TL;DR: A supernova is caught in the act of exploding, directly observing the shock break-out, which indicates that the GRB progenitor was a Wolf–Rayet star.
Abstract: A link between long γ-ray bursts (GRBs) and supernovae has been established, but whether there is a similar relationship between the weaker and softer X-ray flashes and supernovae is unclear. GRB/XRF 060218, spotted by the Swift satellite on 18 February this year, may supply that missing link. In the first of four papers on this novel burster, Campana et al. report the sighting of the X-ray signature of a shock break-out, possible evidence of a supernova in progress. Pian et al. report the optical discovery of a type Ic supernova 2006aj associated with GRB/XRF 060218. Soderberg et al. report radio and X-ray observations that show that XRF 060218 is 100 times less energetic than, but of a type that is ten times more common than cosmological GRBs. Mazzali et al. modelled the spectra and light curve of SN 2006aj to show that it had a much smaller explosion energy and ejected much less mass than other GRB-supernovae, suggesting that it was produced by a star with a mass was only about 20 times that of the Sun, leaving behind a neutron star, rather than a black hole. Observations of the close gamma-ray burst GRB 060218 and its connection to supernova SN 2006aj reveal the break-out of a shock wave driven by a mildly relativistic shell into the dense wind surrounding the GRB progenitor. These observation catch a supernova in the act of exploding. Although the link between long γ-ray bursts (GRBs) and supernovae has been established1,2,3,4, hitherto there have been no observations of the beginning of a supernova explosion and its intimate link to a GRB. In particular, we do not know how the jet that defines a γ-ray burst emerges from the star's surface, nor how a GRB progenitor explodes. Here we report observations of the relatively nearby GRB 060218 (ref. 5) and its connection to supernova SN 2006aj (ref. 6). In addition to the classical non-thermal emission, GRB 060218 shows a thermal component in its X-ray spectrum, which cools and shifts into the optical/ultraviolet band as time passes. We interpret these features as arising from the break-out of a shock wave driven by a mildly relativistic shell into the dense wind surrounding the progenitor7. We have caught a supernova in the act of exploding, directly observing the shock break-out, which indicates that the GRB progenitor was a Wolf–Rayet star.
835 citations
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TL;DR: It is described that oxygen availability is a determinant parameter in the setting of chemotactic responsiveness to stromal-derived factor 1 (CXCL12), and the Hyp–Hyp-inducible factor 1 α–CXCR4 pathway may regulate trafficking in and out of hypoxic tissue microenvironments.
Abstract: Cell adaptation to hypoxia (Hyp) requires activation of transcriptional programs that coordinate expression of genes involved in oxygen delivery (via angiogenesis) and metabolic adaptation (via glycolysis). Here, we describe that oxygen availability is a determinant parameter in the setting of chemotactic responsiveness to stromal-derived factor 1 (CXCL12). Low oxygen concentration induces high expression of the CXCL12 receptor, CXC receptor 4 (CXCR4), in different cell types (monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, tumor-associated macrophages, endothelial cells, and cancer cells), which is paralleled by increased chemotactic responsiveness to its specific ligand. CXCR4 induction by Hyp is dependent on both activation of the Hyp-inducible factor 1 alpha and transcript stabilization. In a relay multistep navigation process, the Hyp-Hyp-inducible factor 1 alpha-CXCR4 pathway may regulate trafficking in and out of hypoxic tissue microenvironments.
834 citations
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TL;DR: Chemerin appears as a potent chemoattractant protein of a novel class, which requires proteolytic activation and is specific for APCs, and was shown to promote calcium mobilization and chemotaxis of immature DCs and macrophages in a ChemR23-dependent manner.
Abstract: Dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages are professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that play key roles in both innate and adaptive immunity. ChemR23 is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor related to chemokine receptors, which is expressed specifically in these cell types. Here we present the characterization of chemerin, a novel chemoattractant protein, which acts through ChemR23 and is abundant in a diverse set of human inflammatory fluids. Chemerin is secreted as a precursor of low biological activity, which upon proteolytic cleavage of its COOH-terminal domain, is converted into a potent and highly specific agonist of ChemR23, the chemerin receptor. Activation of chemerin receptor results in intracellular calcium release, inhibition of cAMP accumulation, and phosphorylation of p42-p44 MAP kinases, through the Gi class of heterotrimeric G proteins. Chemerin is structurally and evolutionary related to the cathelicidin precursors (antibacterial peptides), cystatins (cysteine protease inhibitors), and kininogens. Chemerin was shown to promote calcium mobilization and chemotaxis of immature DCs and macrophages in a ChemR23-dependent manner. Therefore, chemerin appears as a potent chemoattractant protein of a novel class, which requires proteolytic activation and is specific for APCs.
833 citations
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University of Milan1, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens2, Maastricht University3, Tohoku University4, Jichi Medical University5, University of Valencia6, University of Bonn7, University College Dublin8, University of Edinburgh9, University of Padua10, Columbia University11, Complutense University of Madrid12, King's College London13, Semmelweis University14
TL;DR: The main topics addressed include the methodology of home blood pressure monitoring, its diagnostic and therapeutic thresholds, its clinical applications in hypertension, with specific reference to special populations, and its applications in research.
Abstract: This document summarizes the available evidence and provides recommendations on the use of home blood pressure monitoring in clinical practice and in research. It updates the previous recommendations on the same topic issued in year 2000. The main topics addressed include the methodology of home blood pressure monitoring, its diagnostic and therapeutic thresholds, its clinical applications in hypertension, with specific reference to special populations, and its applications in research. The final section deals with the problems related to the implementation of these recommendations in clinical practice.
832 citations
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TL;DR: The possiblity for the correctly diagnosed and treated patients to escape an otherwise impending death calls urgently for diffusion of the knowledge about the long Q-T syndrome.
830 citations
Authors
Showing all 58902 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Yi Cui | 220 | 1015 | 199725 |
Peter J. Barnes | 194 | 1530 | 166618 |
Thomas C. Südhof | 191 | 653 | 118007 |
Charles A. Dinarello | 190 | 1058 | 139668 |
Alberto Mantovani | 183 | 1397 | 163826 |
John J.V. McMurray | 178 | 1389 | 184502 |
Giuseppe Remuzzi | 172 | 1226 | 160440 |
Russel J. Reiter | 169 | 1646 | 121010 |
Jean Louis Vincent | 161 | 1667 | 163721 |
Tobin J. Marks | 159 | 1621 | 111604 |
Tomas Hökfelt | 158 | 1033 | 95979 |
José Baselga | 156 | 707 | 122498 |
Naveed Sattar | 155 | 1326 | 116368 |
Silvia Franceschi | 155 | 1340 | 112504 |
Frederik Barkhof | 154 | 1449 | 104982 |