University of Minnesota

About: University of Minnesota is a education organization based out in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Transplantation. The organization has 117432 authors who have published 257986 publications receiving 11944239 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Minnesota, Twin Cities & University of Minnesota-Twin Cities.

Litter production in forests of the world

Abstract: Publisher Summary In this chapter, the litter production in forests of the world is discussed. The study of quantitative aspects of litter–fall is an important part of forest ecology, dealing with a major pathway for both energy and nutrient transfer in ecosystem. This chapter collates the available data on the quantity of litter produced by forests in different parts of the world. It demonstrates the importance of litter–fall in the nutrient cycle of the forest, and the significance in soil development is investigated in the types of forest humus layer. Harvest methods are used to commercially utilize litter. The various sources, selection criteria, arrangement, and presentation of data are provided. The annual production of leaf and total litter by forests of the world are tabulated. The detailed litter separation components, percentage of non–leaf litter in different climates, understory litter, mineral material, and organic material are also described. Major factors affecting litter–fall are evergreen gymnosperms and deciduous angiosperms, and the environment. The proposed treatments for litter–fall are also discussed. The seasonal litter–fall of in forests is graphically represented and the dry weight of standing crops of leaves on an annual production basis is tabulated.

Maternal Influenza Infection Causes Marked Behavioral and Pharmacological Changes in the Offspring

Abstract: Maternal viral infection is known to increase the risk for schizophrenia and autism in the offspring. Using this observation in an animal model, we find that respiratory infection of pregnant mice (both BALB/c and C57BL/6 strains) with the human influenza virus yields offspring that display highly abnormal behavioral responses as adults. As in schizophrenia and autism, these offspring display deficits in prepulse inhibition (PPI) in the acoustic startle response. Compared with control mice, the infected mice also display striking responses to the acute administration of antipsychotic (clozapine and chlorpromazine) and psychomimetic (ketamine) drugs. Moreover, these mice are deficient in exploratory behavior in both open-field and novel-object tests, and they are deficient in social interaction. At least some of these behavioral changes likely are attributable to the maternal immune response itself. That is, maternal injection of the synthetic double-stranded RNA polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid causes a PPI deficit in the offspring in the absence of virus. Therefore, maternal viral infection has a profound effect on the behavior of adult offspring, probably via an effect of the maternal immune response on the fetus.

The local regularity of solutions of degenerate elliptic equations

Abstract: (1982). The local regularity of solutions of degenerate elliptic equations. Communications in Partial Differential Equations: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 77-116.

A longitudinal study of bullying, dominance, and victimization during the transition from primary school through secondary school

Abstract: Bullying and victimization were studied from a longitudinal, multi-method, multi-agent perspective as youngsters made the transition from primary through middle school. Generally, bullying and aggression increased with the transition to middle school and then declined. Bullying mediated youngsters' dominance status during the transition. Bullying may be one way in which young adolescents manage peer and dominance relationships as they make the transition into new social groups. Victimization declined from primary to secondary school. Correspondingly, youngsters' peer affiliations decreased, initially with the transition, and then recovered. Victimization, however, was buffered by peer affiliation, especially like most nominations relative to friendship nominations, during this time. Additionally, and consistent with the idea that bullying is used for dominance displays, cross-sex comparisons of aggressive bouts indicated that boys targeted other boys and did not target girls. Results are discussed in terms of the changing functions of aggression during adolescence.