Showing papers by "University of Missouri published in 1979"
TL;DR: The Desirability of Control Scale as mentioned in this paper is a scale designed to measure individual differences in the general level of motivation to control the events in one's life and has been found to have substantial internal consistency (80) and test-retest reliability (75).
Abstract: The psychological construct of desirability of control was related to several theoretical statements (eg, Kelley, 1971; White, 1959) and areas of current research (eg, Glass & Singer, 1972; Deci, 1975) in psychology A scale designed to measure individual differences in the general level of motivation to control the events in one's life was presented The Desirability of Control Scale was found to have substantial internal consistency (80) and test-retest reliability (75), as well as discriminant validity from measures of locus of control (Rotter, 1966) and social desirability (Crowne & Marlowe, 1960) The results of an “illusion of control” study (cf Langer, 1975) provided construct validation: only subjects high in the desire for control displayed a belief in personal control over chance outcomes Construct validation was also provided from studies on learned helplessness and hypnosis The practical, as well as theoretical, value of the instrument was discussed
746 citations
TL;DR: Naturalistic, longitudinal observations of 20 normal infants biweekly during their first year showed that they performed a great quantity and variety of rhythmical and highly stereotyped behaviours, which are proposed to be manifestations of incomplete cortical control of endogenous patterning in maturing neuromuscular pathways.
524 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of Earth's rotation on the phase of the neutron wave function was observed using a neutron interferometer of the type first developed by Bonse and Hart for x rays.
Abstract: Using a neutron interferometer of the type first developed by Bonse and Hart for x rays, we have observed the effect of Earth's rotation on the phase of the neutron wave function. This experiment is the quantum mechanical analog of the optical interferometry observations of Michelson, Gale, and Pearson.
339 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present tenable conclusions from recent process-product studies on teacher effectiveness, and present several reviews available for the interested reader (Dunkin & Biddle, 1974, Heath & Nielson, 1974; Rosenshine, 1971, 1976, Gage, 1978; Medley, 1977).
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to present tenable conclusions from recent process-product studies. Space limitations prohibit an exhaustive review of extant literature on teacher effectiveness. There are several reviews available for the interested reader (Dunkin & Biddle, 1974; Heath & Nielson, 1974; Rosenshine, 1971, 1976; Gage, 1978; Medley, 1977). Some review works have attempted to clarify the consistency of individual
276 citations
TL;DR: This paper found that the inhibiting effect of forewarning was greater under high than low involvement conditions, i.e., reduced persuasion, increased counterargumentation, and reduced favorable thoughts.
Abstract: College undergraduates were either warned or not warned of the persuasive intent of a communication which was either of direct or only indirect personal relevance to them. Consistent with the hypothesis based on reactance theory (Brehm, 1966), the inhibiting effect of the forewarning (i.e., reduced persuasion, increased counterargumentation, and reduced favorable thoughts) was greater under high than low involvement conditions.
258 citations
TL;DR: Binding levels of tritium-LSD, presumably associated with postsynaptic 5HT receptors, were reduced 40% to 50% in samples from schizophrenics in three independent studies, whereas no other consistent alteration was observed in levels of binding associated with other receptors or in the activity of GAD.
Abstract: • Frontal cerebral cortex brain samples from schizophrenics and controls have been assayed for binding associated with muscarinic cholinergic, serotonin (5HT), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and β-adrenergic receptors as well as for the activity of the GABA-synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). Binding levels of tritium-LSD, presumably associated with postsynaptic 5HT receptors, were reduced 40% to 50% in samples from schizophrenics in three independent studies, whereas no other consistent alteration was observed in levels of binding associated with other receptors or in the activity of GAD. This change in receptor binding levels does not seem to be attributable to postmortem changes, to influences of drugs received by the patients, or to demographic features of the patient populations.
256 citations
248 citations
TL;DR: Both germination and fermentation had equivalent effects as procedures to improve the protein quality of cereals as well as natural lactic acid fermentation.
Abstract: Germinated wheat and barley increased significantly (P < 0.05) in % Relative Nutritive Value (RNV); the increase in % RNV was highly significant (P < 0.01) for germinated rice. The increase in available lysine was highly significant (P < 0.01) in germinated wheat, barley, oats and rice. Natural lactic acid fermentation increased the % RNV significantly (P < 0.05) for wheat, barley and rice and significantly (P < 0.01) for millet and maize. The available lysine content increased significantly (P < 0.05) in fermented oats, rice, millet, and maize but the available lysine increase was highly (P < 0.01) significant in fermented wheat. Both germination and fermentation had equivalent effects as procedures to improve the protein quality of cereals.
185 citations
TL;DR: It was concluded that although a speed-accuracy trade-off cannot account for all age differences in speed, the greater bias towards accuracy in older subjects and the problems associated with interpreting traditional reaction time make it advisable that future researchers in this area employ procedures that allow an empirical determination of the relationship between speed and accuracy.
Abstract: Three experiments were conducted to investigate the possibility that previously reported age differences in speed of performance were caused by older subjects placing more emphasis on accuracy than younger subjects The speculation that older subjects generally have a greater emphasis on accuracy was confirmed, but only in one of the experiments was the complete age difference in speed found to be attributable to an age difference in accuracy It was concluded that although a speed-accuracy trade-off cannot account for all age differences in speed, the greater bias towards accuracy in older subjects and the problems associated with interpreting traditional reaction time make it advisable that future researchers in this area employ procedures that allow an empirical determination of the relationship between speed and accuracy
182 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider government policies that insulate domestic producers and consumers from external price fluctuations, and study the effect of these policies on the elasticity of export demand.
Abstract: Johnson and Tweeten (1967, 1977) have provided estimates of the elasticity of export demand for specific agricultural commodities and aggregate agricultural exports. These estimates indicate the aggregate export demand for U.S. agricultural commodities is very elastic with respect to price, and the estimated elasticity is somewhat greater than 6.0 in both cases. The elasticities of export demand for specific commodities are also very large, ranging from -2.8 for soybeans to 10.18 for feed grains (Johnson). Theoretically, the elasticity of export demand may be quite large. However, the Johnson-Tweeten estimates do not consider government policies which insulate domestic producers and consumers from external price fluctuations. In order to study the effect of these policies on the elasticity of export demand, we (a) examine the formulation of the elasticity of export demand and the implication of price insulation policies, (b) review the trade policies of major importers and competing exporters, and (c) calculate the export demand elasticities for major agricultural commodities which incorporate price insulation policies. These export demand elasticities are much smaller than those of Johnson and
173 citations
TL;DR: Results reveal that significant positive correlations exist among five of the six factors comprising the Profile of Mood States (POMS) and that Anger factor of the POMS correlated positively and significantly with heart rate.
Abstract: Spontaneously occurring mood states and various physiological indices were evaluated on three occasions in a group of eight healthy males. Results reveal that significant positive correlations exist among five of the six factors comprising the Profile of Mood States (POMS). This finding is related to previous research on the POMS and varied methodologies utilized in those reports. Reliable positive correlations of the POMS factors Depression and Tension with heart rate and diastolic blood pressure were obtained. The Anger factor of the POMS also correlated positively and significantly with heart rate. These findings are discussed in terms of the relationship between POMS factors and anxiety.
TL;DR: Pure egg yolk was fractionated using DEAE ion-exchange cellulose and a direct relationship existed between chromatographic position and electrophoretic mohility, and Lipid and phosphorus concentrations were high in the same fractions.
Abstract: Pure egg yolk was fractionated using DEAE ion-exchange cellulose. Eluted components were simultaneously, detected by fluorescence and ultra-violet absorption. Selected chromatographic fractions were subjected to disc gel electrophoresis and assayed for total lipids, amino acids and phosphorus. Native egg yolk was separated into 18 peaks chromatographically and 23 bands electrophoretically. Multi-component chromatographic peaks were demonstrated by electrophoresis. Chromatographic peaks and corresponding electrophoretic bands, were identified by literature reference for lipovitellin, livetins, phosvitin and a low density fraction. A direct relationship existed between chromatographic position and electrophoretic mohility. Lipid and phosphorus concentrations were high in the same fractions.
TL;DR: There is a physiological interaction between Zn and essential fatty acids and zinc deficiency increased the proportion of arachidonic acid in foot skin especially in the EFA deficient group.
Abstract: Three experiments were performed to investigate the possibility of a physiological relationship between zinc and essential fatty acids (EFA) Male weanling rats were fed diets low in zinc, EFA or both and their growth rates, dermal scores and tissue fatty acid profiles determined In experiment 1, a basal soybean protein diet containing 7 ppm of added zinc and approximately 300 ppm EFA was used in a 2 X 2 factorial design: low Zn-low EFA; adequate Zn-low EFA; low Zn-adequate EFA and adequate Zn-adequate EFA The low zinc status accentuated signs of EFA deficiency, including dermal lesions and growth rate, but it had no significant effect on the fatty acid profile in plasma In experiment 2, a basal casein diet containing approximately 25 ppm of EFA and less than 1 ppm of zinc, was used in a similar design For 7 weeks two groups of weanling rats were fed ad libitum either a diet adequate in Zn and low in EFA or a diet adequate in all nutrients From 7 to 12 weeks zinc was removed from one-half of each group and all were pair-fed to the intake of the low zinc-low EFA group Zinc deficiency accentuated dermal lesions in the group deprived of EFA and caused enlarged joints suggestive of an arthritic-like syndrome In experiment 3, an egg albumin based diet containing approximately 25 ppm EFA and less than 1 ppm of zinc was used in a 2 X 2 factorial design No signs of fatty acid deficiency occurred in 5 weeks with adequate zinc Zinc and EFA deficiency accentuated dermal scores and severely depressed growth Zinc deficiency increased the proportion of arachidonic acid in foot skin especially in the EFA deficient group It is concluded that there is a physiological interaction between Zn and essential fatty acids
01 Dec 1979-Journal of Comparative Physiology A-neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology
TL;DR: It is suggested that the treefrog's ear must act as a sound pressure gradient receiver, and the high frequency components around 3 kHz, normally found in the mating call, do not enhance the accuracy of sound localization.
Abstract: 1.
Phonotactic approaches (N=156) of 42 female green treefrogs (Hyla cinerea) were videotaped over a distance of 3.75 m in response to synthetic mating calls (0.9 kHz and 0.9, 2.7 and 3.0 kHz).
2.
To quantify the accuracy of phonotaxis, jump anglesγ and head orientation angles α were measured (Fig. 2) when the animals were 1 m or farther from the sound source.
3.
Phonotaxis was extremely accurate in response to the 3-component call, which is behaviorally equivalent to the male's natural mating call. The mean jump angle was\(\bar \gamma = 16.1^\circ\) (Fig. 5). Head scanning occurred prior to about 25% of the jumps. The accuracy of head orientation after scanning was even greater\((\bar \alpha = 8.4^\circ )\) as were the subsequent jumps\((\bar \gamma = 11.8^\circ )\) (Fig. 6 and Table 1).
4.
With respect to the two synthetic calls no statistically significant differences in jump accuracy were found (Table 1). Thus the high frequency components around 3 kHz, normally found in the mating call, do not enhance the accuracy of sound localization.
5.
Our results are discussed in terms of models of sound localization in vertebrates and invertebrates, and we suggest that the treefrog's ear must act as a sound pressure gradient receiver.
TL;DR: In this article, a recursive method is extended to calculate several new parameters for stepwise polyfunctional polymerization, including the average number of branches per molecule, Bw, and the weight average of a longest chain.
Abstract: Our recursive method is extended to calculate several new parameters for stepwise polyfunctional polymerization. In the pregel region we calculate weight average molecular weight, Mw, for polydisperse reactants and effective average functionality, fe, of a reacting mixture. These quantities are useful for systems employing reactive oligomers. We also calculate weight average number of branches per molecule, Bw, and the weight average of a longest chain. These should be useful for viscosity relations. In the postgel region we give relations for the extent of reaction in the soluble fraction. This result can be used to calculate sol properties directly from existing pregel relations. We also calculate the weight fraction of pendant chains on the gel, wp, and the average molecular weight of the elastically effective network chains, Mc,w.
TL;DR: Cowpeas and chickpeas were allowed to undergo natural fermentation for 4 days at 25° C, which makes the fermentation chiefly lactic acid and Relative nutritive value (RNV) and limiting amino acids increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the fermented beans and Niacin decreased significantly in both of the fermentation beans.
Abstract: Cowpeas and chickpeas were allowed to undergo natural fermentation for 4 days at 25° C. The microorganisms isolated from cowpeas and chickpeas were Lactobacillus casei, L. leichmanii, L. plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus and P. acidilactici. Lactobacillus helveticus was found in chickpeas only. This makes the fermentation chiefly lactic acid. Pathogenic organisms were not found in the system. Relative nutritive value (RNV) and limiting amino acids increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the fermented beans. Niacin decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in both of the fermented beans. Thiamine decreased in fermented chickpeas while riboflavin increased in fermented cowpeas. Trypsin inhibitor decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in both of the fermented beans. Raffinose was eliminated in cowpeas and decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in fermented chickpeas.
TL;DR: Chloroplast-associated pyruvate dehydrogenase complex provides a direct link between pyruVate metabolism and chloroplast fatty acid biosynthesis by providing the substrate, acetyl-CoA, necessary for membrane development in young plants.
Abstract: Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is associated with intact chloroplasts and mitochondria of 9-day-old Pisum sativum L. seedlings. The ratio of the mitochondrial complex to the chloroplast complex activities is about 3 to 1. Maximal rates observed for chloroplast pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity ranged from 6 to 9 micromoles of NADH produced per milligram of chlorophyll per hour. Osmotic rupture of pea chloroplasts released 88% of the complex activity, indicating that chloroplast pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is a stromal complex. The pH optimum for chloroplast pyruvate dehydrogenase complex was between 7.8 and 8.2, whereas the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex had a pH optimum between 7.3 and 7.7. Chloroplast pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity was specific for pyruvate, dependent upon coenzyme A and NAD and partially dependent upon Mg(2+) and thiamine pyrophosphate.Chloroplast-associated pyruvate dehydrogenase complex provides a direct link between pyruvate metabolism and chloroplast fatty acid biosynthesis by providing the substrate, acetyl-CoA, necessary for membrane development in young plants.
TL;DR: Some observers, including many "doomsday" futurists, have contended that a pre dominant characteristic of future society will be extreme scarcity as discussed by the authors. Viewing this as sumption of extreme scarcity as pl...
Abstract: Some observers, including many "doomsday" futurists, have contended that a pre dominant characteristic of future society will be extreme scarcity. Viewing this as sumption of extreme scarcity as pl...
TL;DR: In this article, a sequential procedure is proposed for estimating the difference of the means of two populations when the variances are unknown (and not necessarily equal) and the loss structure for both the problems is the cost of observations plus the squared error loss due to estimating the unknown mean or difference of means.
Abstract: Two problems have been discussed in this paper. First, for independent and identically distributed random variables with unknown mean and unknown variance, a sequential procedure is proposed for point estimation of themean when the distribution is unspecified. Second, a sequential procedure is proposed for estimating the difference of the means of two populations when the variances are unknown (and not necessarily equal). The loss structure for both the problems is the cost of observations plus the squared error loss due to estimating theunknown mean or the difference of means. Without any assumption on the nature of the distribution functions other than the finiteness of the eighth moment, the two procedures are shown to be “asymptotically risk efficient” in the sense of Starr (Ann. Math. Statist. (1966), .37, 1173-1185).
TL;DR: The Sm antibody system may identify a subset of SLE patients with milder central nervous system and renal disease, which is over three times as common in patients with DNA antibodies compared with patients with only DNA antibodies.
Abstract: The clinical and renal histologic attributes of 135 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with DNA and/or Sm antibodies were compared to determine if the presence of the Sm antibodies served as a marker for a specific subset of SLE. Although Raynaud's phenomenon was more frequent in patients with Sm antibodies (P less than 0.005), serious central nervous system disease was over three times as common in patients with DNA antibodies (P less than 0.005). Only one of 23 patients with Sm antibodies had diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis on renal biopsy, whereas 6 of 14 patients with only DNA antibodies had this histologic finding (P = 0.01). The Sm antibody system may therefore identify a subset of SLE patients with milder central nervous system and renal disease.
TL;DR: In this article, a linear model was used to characterize the stem-foliar relationships, and the ability of the three measures to predict foliar weight and area in black and white oaks was investigated.
Abstract: An investigation of the relationship of total stem area, sapwood area, and current sapwood area (CSA) at dbh to foliar weight and area indicated that CSA consistently predicted foliar weight and area in black and white oak better than the other two measures. When a linear model was used to characterize the stem-foliar relationships, we found little difference between the ability of the three measures to predict foliar weight and area in black oak; however, CSA was the best of the three predictors in white oak. The use of a nonlinear model with each species improved the ability of CSA to predict foliar area. FOREST SCI. 25:298-303. FOLIAR WEIGHT OR AREA is commonly estimated by regression from an external tree dimension, usually dbh (Whittaker and Woodwell 1967, TVA 1972, Clark and Taras 1976, Gary 1976). However, Grier and Waring (1974) reported an al- ternative method for three coniferous species that regresses foliar weight on an internal tree dimension, sapwood cross-sectional area at breast height. More re- cently, Waring and others (1977) evaluated stem conducting tissue as an estimator of leaf area in four woody angiosperms. An empirical relationship between sapwood area and foliar area/weight might be expected because they jointly accommodate water movement in trees. In fact, Richter (1973) suggested that total waterflow through all roots, conduits of the stem, branches, and leaves is equal. While it is generally known that heartwood does not contribute to water transport, Swanson (1966) found that the entire sapwood of conifer stems actively transports water. Thus, the high correlation that Grier and Waring (1974) found between sapwood area and foliar weight is not surprising. Differences observed in the sapwood-foliar area/weight relation among coniferous species would be due to vascular morphology (large versus small diameter tracheids), sapwood flow patterns, and leaf morphology. How- ever, the empirical relation found in conifers may be inappropriate for oaks be- cause waterflow in sapwood is restricted to the most recent one or two annual rings (Huber and Schmidt 1937). Thus, for oaks, current sapwood area may rea- sonably be expected to be closely related to foliar area/weight. The purpose of the study was to evaluate current sapwood area as a predictor of foliar area/weight in white and black oak.
TL;DR: It is concluded that EPS may be directly involved in symptom expression and provide a function essential to the growth of the pathogen in host tissues.
Abstract: The extracellular polysaccharides produced as slime or capsule layers by bacterial pathogens of animals and plants have been often implicated as factors essential to pathogenesis. In the present study, virulence of the plant pathogen Erwinia amylovora was correlated with the ability to produce extracellular polysaccharide (EPS). EPS production by a series of field isolates and bacterio-phage-resistant mutants differing in the extent to which they cause symptoms in host tissues was examined by quantitation with a modified Laurell rocket immunoelectrophoresis assay. The amount of EPS produced as an easily removed capsular layer or slime on solid nutrient agar approximated the capacity to exhibit symptoms in host inoculation tests. Features common to the virulent isolates are mucoid colony morphology, sensitivity to EPS-specific bacteriophages [Sphi3 and PEal(h)], and ability to produce a characteristic EPS. Mutants selected for resistance to Sphi3 or nonmucoid colony morphology are deficient in EPS production and have lost the ability to multiply in host tissue and cause symptoms. We conclude that EPS may be directly involved in symptom expression and provide a function essential to the growth of the pathogen in host tissues.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the relationship between sleep stages and the onset of migraine on awakening, and found an association between nights of increased Stage III + IV + REM sleep and those mornings when headaches occur.
Abstract: SYNOPSIS
Three studies are presented investigating the relationship between sleep stages and the onset of migraine on awakening. Study I consists of the polygraphic recording of daytime naps in patients who suffer from sleep-precipitated migraine. All headache naps contained Stages III, IV or REM Sleep.
The second study is that of serotonin levels during napping in which serotonin levels were stable during naps in which only Stages I and II were recorded. During naps when Stages III, IV or REM Sleep were recorded, there was considerable variation in serotonin levels.
The final study is that of nocturnal sleep periods associated with morning awakening with headache or the onset of headache within 1 hour. The results of this study show an association between nights of increased Stage III + IV + REM sleep and those mornings when headaches occur.
TL;DR: The dopaminergic neuronal hyperactivity, currently believed to be related to schizophrenia, may be caused by a primary alteration in the endorphin system, and these two theories may be combined into a single model.
Abstract: The theory that alterations of dopaminergic synaptic transmission may play a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia is widely accepted. A more recent theory links the endorphin system to the etiology of schizophrenia. We propose that these two theories may be combined into a single model. Recent neurochemical and pharmacological findings have indicated close functional relationships between the endorphin and dopamine systems. Endorphins modulate dopaminergic synaptic transmission by exerting both presynaptic and postsynaptic effects. On the molecular level, this modulation may involve the activity of nucleotide cyclases and protein phosphorylation systems. Thus, the dopaminergic neuronal hyperactivity, currently believed to be related to schizophrenia, may be caused by a primary alteration in the endorphin system. Several hypotheses about the nature of that alteration have been advanced and tested in therapeutic experiments with schizophrenic patients. These experiments have not yet yielded definitive results.
TL;DR: In this article, physical anthropological measures of faces of Japanese, whites, and blacks were obtained from several published sources and compared among three racial groups yielded no evidence for racial differences in facial heterogeneity.
Abstract: Physical anthropological measures of faces of Japanese, whites, and blacks were obtained from several published sources. Comparisons among three racial groups yielded no evidence for racial differences in facial heterogeneity, but features of Japanese women’s faces may display more variation than the other faces studied.
TL;DR: The metabolism of arachidonate in brain membrane phosphoglycerides was investigated in vivo and by in vitro assay of enzymic systems associated with the metabolism, and the information yielded has contributed towards understanding the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids in brain subcellular membranes.
Abstract: The metabolism of arachidonate in brain membrane phosphoglycerides was investigated in vivo by intracerebral injection of labeled arachidonate and by in vitro assay of enzymic systems associated with the metabolism. After intracerebral injection, labeled arachidonate was incorporated rapidly into brain phosphoglycerides with radioactivity distributed mainly in diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoinositols (GPI) and diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholines (GPC). Some evidence of a metabolic relationship between diacyl-sn-glycerophosphoinositols (diacyl-GPI) and diacylglycerols was observed. Among the phosphoglycerides labeled with [14C] arachidonoyl groups, diacyl-GPI were most rapidly metabolized in brain microsomal and synaptosomal fractions. The decay of diacyl-GPI in brain synaptosomes may be represented by two pools with half-lives of 5 hr and 5 days. Three types of enzymic systems related to metabolism of the polyunsaturated fatty acids in brain were investigated. The first system involves the cyclic events relating the ATP-dependent activation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to their acylCoA by the acylCoA ligase and subsequent hydrolysis of acylCoA to free fatty acids by the acylCoA hydrolase. It is apparent that fatty acid activation and hydrolysis is under strigent control in order to maitain suitable levels of free fatty acids and acylCoA in the brain tissue for various metabolic use. Factors involved in the regulation may include the level of ATP, divalent cations and the nature of substrates. The second enzymic system pertains to deacylation via phospholipase A2 and reacylation via the acyltransferase of membrane phosphoglycerides. In brain tissue, activity of the acyl transferase is generally higher than that of the phospholipase A2. Factors known to affect specificity of the acyltransferase include substrate concentration and the nature of the acyl groups and lysophosphoglycerides. The acyltranferase(s) in brain preferentially transfers arachidonate to 1-acyl-GPI. Activity of the acyltransferase can be inhited by a number of lypophilic compounds including local anesthetics and cell surface agents. Activity of the phospholipase A2 in brain may depend on the physical form of the substrates, i.e., whether the substrates are in monomeric or micellar form. The third process is associated with the degradation of diacyl-GPI by enzymes present in brain subcellular membranes. Incubation of brain subcellular membranes with 1-acyl-2-[14C] arachidonoyl-GPI yielded labeled diacylglycerols and arachidonate. The phospholipase C action is specific for hydrolysis of diacyl-GPI. The arachidonate released from incubation of labeled diacyl-GPI may be the result of phospholipase A2 action which is not specific for diacyl-GPI or the hydrolysis by lipase acting on the diacylglycerols formed from the phospholipase C activity. Enzymic hydrolysis of diacyl-GPI is most active in the microsomal fraction, but uoon disruption of synaptosomes, enzyme in synaptic plasma membranes is also active in degradating this glycerophospholipid. In general, the results of in vitro studies are in good agreement with those observed in vivo and the information yielded has contributed towards understanding the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids in brain subcellular membranes.
TL;DR: Close-circuit television microscopy was used to quantitative the in vivo response to dialysis solutions of the small arteries on the mesothelial surface of the rat cecum and arterioles of theRat cremaster muscle to hypothesize that nitroprusside increases solute clearances by both a vasodilatory effect and by an effect on vascular membrane permeability and area for solute exchange.
TL;DR: It was estimated that the maximal cumulative propranolol load to this breast-feeding infant, consuming 500 ml of whole milk, when the mother received 40 mg of proPRanolol 4 times daily would be 21 microgram/24 hours, considerably less than the usual therapeutic dose of proPranolol for infants.
Abstract: To assess the problem of continuing propranolol therapy in a breast-feeding mother, studies were performed to determine simultaneously plasma and breast milk concentrations of propranolol after single dose (40 mg) and continuous dose (40 mg 4 times daily) treatment with this drug. Breast milk and plasma concentrations of propranolol peaked between 2 and 3 hours after dosing. Propranolol concentrations in breast milk were less than 40 and 64 percent, respectively, of peak plasma propranolol concentrations after single dose and continuous dose administration. It was estimated that the maximal cumulative propranolol load to this breast-feeding infant, consuming 500 ml of whole milk, when the mother received 40 mg of propranolol 4 times daily would be 21 microgram/24 hours. This dose is considerably less than the usual therapeutic dose of propranolol for infants.
TL;DR: Peritoneal transport, as assessed by the clearances of urea, creatinine, inulin, and dialysate protein concentration, with and without nitroprusside addition in the dialysis solution, is unchanged in patients undergoing CAPD for up to 1 year, despite frequent episodes of peritonitis.
TL;DR: A partial hypothalamic and/or pituitsary failure in releasing pituitary luteinizing hormone as a cause for postpartum ovarian cysts is suggested.