Showing papers by "University of Missouri published in 1994"
TL;DR: A Cognitive Performance Scale (CPS) is designed that uses MDS data to assign residents into easily understood cognitive performance categories, and should prove useful to clinicians and investigators using the MDS to determine a resident's cognitive assets.
Abstract: Background Chronic cognitive impairment is a major problem in U.S. nursing homes, yet traditional assessment systems in most facilities included only limited information on cognitive status. Following the Congressional mandate in the Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1987 (OBRA '87), U.S. nursing homes now complete the Minimum Data Set (MDS), a standardized, comprehensive assessment of each resident's functional, medical, psychosocial, and cognitive status. We designed a Cognitive Performance Scale (CPS) that uses MDS data to assign residents into easily understood cognitive performance categories. Methods Information was drawn from three data sets, including two multistate data sets constructed for the Health Care Financing Administration. The prevalence and reliability of the MDS cognitive performance variables were established when assessed by trained nursing personnel. Five selected MDS items were combined to create the single, functionally meaningful seven-category hierarchical Cognitive Performance Scale. Results The CPS scale corresponded closely with scores generated by the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Test for Severe Impairment, nursing judgments of disorientation, and neurological diagnoses of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Conclusions The new CPS provides a functional view of cognitive performance, using readily available MDS data. It should prove useful to clinicians and investigators using the MDS to determine a resident's cognitive assets.
1,740 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors empirically examined the influence of price, nonprice product information, and purchase intention, together with the intervening variables of perceived price, perceived quality, and perceived value, and found that perceived price is positively influenced by objective price and negatively influenced by reference price.
Abstract: Price, nonprice product information, and purchase intention, together with the intervening variables of perceived price, perceived quality, and perceived value, are empirically examined. The results indicate that perceived price is positively influenced by objective price and negatively influenced by reference price. They support the positive price-perceived quality relationship found in previous studies and, further, show that the influence of price on perceived quality is lessened in the presence of substantial direct product information. Finally, the results demonstrate that a trade-off between perceived price and perceived quality leads to perceived value, and perceived value is a primary factor influencing purchase intention.
884 citations
TL;DR: A new conception of sensation seeking is presented, along with a new scale [the Arnett Inventory of Sensation Seeking (AISS) as discussed by the authors, which emphasizes novelty and intensity as the two components of sensation-seeking.
802 citations
TL;DR: This point system can be used preoperatively to predict screw breakage when short segment, posteriorly placed pedicle screw implants are being used and select spinal fractures for anterior reconstruction with strut graft, short-segment-type reconstruction.
Abstract: Study Design.A 3 to 4 year follow-up was performed on a consecutive series of 28 patients who had three-column spinal fractures surgically stabilized by short-segment instrumentation with first generation VSP (Steffee) screws and plates and autograft fusion. The follow-up revealed 10 patients with b
767 citations
TL;DR: This paper used structural equation modeling to investigate relationships among proteges' personality characteristics, initiation of mentoring, mentoring received, and career success for 147 managers and p... and p...
Abstract: We used structural equation modeling to investigate relationships among proteges' personality characteristics, initiation of mentoring, mentoring received, and career success for 147 managers and p...
706 citations
TL;DR: A direct interaction between ALDO, AII and cardiac Fb in mediating myocardial fibrosis in hypertensive heart disease is suggested and this response appears to occur via type I corticoid receptors.
691 citations
TL;DR: In this article, three representative macrocyctic compounds were covalently linked to silica gel and evaluated by HPLC for their ability to resolve racemic mixtures as well as for their stability and loadability.
Abstract: There are a large number of antibiotic macrocycles which include several different structural types. Three representative macrocyctic compounds were covalently linked to silica gel and evaluated by HPLC for their ability to resolve racemic mixtures as well as for their stability and loadability. Over 70 compounds were resolved. In some cases separations were achieved that have not been reported on any other chiral stationary phase (CSP). These stationary phases appear to be multimodal in that they can be used in both the normal-phase and reversed-phase modes. Different compounds are resolved in each mode.
662 citations
TL;DR: In this article, inadequate governance and inappropriate strategy have been proposed as antecedents of the divestment activity of restructuring firms in the 1980s, and combined both views in a structural equati...
Abstract: Both inadequate governance and inappropriate strategy have been proposed as antecedents of the divestment activity of restructuring firms in the 1980s. We combined both views in a structural equati...
636 citations
TL;DR: In this article, consumers' interrelationships with malls as consumption sites are explored using the concept of a habitat drawn from the ecological sciences, and an empirical study of consumer activity within multiple mall habitats is discussed.
627 citations
TL;DR: This article developed and tested a conceptual model explaining variability in the organizational structures firms develop to identify, analyze, and respond to their social and political environments, and found that variability in organizational structures is correlated with organizational performance.
Abstract: This study developed and tested a conceptual model explaining variability in the organizational structures firms develop to identify, analyze, and respond to their social and political environments...
609 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the relation between personality factors and two adult forms of disinhibitory psychopathology (alcohol abuse or dependence and antisocial personality disorder) and conclude that personality variables are important components of etiological models of these disorders.
Abstract: We discuss the relation between personality factors and two adult forms of disinhibitory psychopathology--alcohol abuse or dependence and antisocial personality disorder. First, we briefly review various methodological issues relevant to research in this area. Next, we review empirical findings relating three broad-band personality trait dimensions neuroticism/emotionality, impulsivity/disinhibition, extraversion/sociability) to both alcohol abuse and dependence and antisocial personality disorder. Finally, theoretical models of the relationship between personality and each of these two disorders are presented. We conclude that although no single personality description is likely to be both a sensitive and specific indicator of either alcoholism or antisocial personality disorder, personality variables are important components of etiological models of these disorders.
TL;DR: A collagen network, composed largely of type I and III fibrillar collagens, is found in the extracellular space of the myocardium, which contains a proteolytic system, including collagenase.
TL;DR: In this paper, a rapid technique of drainage-basin analysis is presented that quantifies transverse topographic basin symmetry to discriminate between random and regionally preferred stream migrations and identify the direction of maximum migration.
Abstract: There is a coincidence of seismicity and major river valleys in the southwestern Mississippi Embayment that suggests control of the drainage pattern by northwest-trending faults. Pleistocene river terraces reveal a strong southwestward preferred river migration in this region that may be a result of fault-block tilting. A rapid new technique of drainage-basin analysis is herein presented that quantifies transverse topographic basin symmetry. These data permit discrimination of random stream migrations and regionally preferred stream migrations and identify the direction of maximum migration. If bedrock dip can be shown to be a negligible influence on stream migration, then the direction of regionally preferred migration implies a period of ground tilting in that direction. Drainage-basin asymmetry vectors (bearing and degree of asymmetry) calculated from transverse topographic profiles of 271 4-km basin segments in the study area suggest preferred stream migration in response to west-southwest-ward ground tilting (bearing 259°). The eastward regional dip of bed-rock horizons only locally influences migration. River terrace distributions reveal a chronology of stream-migration episodes. Southwestward migration in the Ouachita, Saline, and Arkansas river basins occurred during early to middle Pleistocene time in the southwestern Mississippi Embayment. A Wisconsin/early Holocene southwestward migration episode is evidenced along southeast-flowing reaches of the Ouachita and Arkansas Rivers but not along the southeast-flowing reach of the intervening Saline River, suggesting that these rivers overlie separate northwest-trending tilt blocks. Although this technique does not provide direct evidence of ground tilting, it provides a quick-look method of identifying possible tilting elements in neotectonic regions using only topographic maps. This technique is of greatest utility where active faults are concealed or poorly exposed, such as in the Mississippi Embayment.
TL;DR: A new realization of stochastic resonance is described, applicable to a broad class of systems, based on an underlying excitable dynamics with deterministic reinjection of sensory neurons in the crayfish.
Abstract: We describe a new realization of stochastic resonance, applicable to a broad class of systems, based on an underlying excitable dynamics with deterministic reinjection. A simple but general theory of such ``single-trigger'' systems is compared with analog simulations of the Fitzhugh-Nagumo model, as well as experimental data obtained from stimulated sensory neurons in the crayfish.
TL;DR: For instance, this paper found that playing the video game Tetris improves mental rotation time and spatial visualization time in older adolescents. But none of the subjects had any prior experience with Tetris, a video game requiring the rapid rotation and placement of seven different-shaped blocks, and the results indicated that reliable and consistent differences between males and females were only obtained on complex mental rotation tasks.
TL;DR: The relationship between the five-factor model (FFM) of personality and Axis I disorders was evaluated in a nonclinical sample of 468 young adults as discussed by the authors, where scores on the 5 personality dimensions of neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness distinguished subjects with and without a variety of Axis I diagnoses from the revised third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
Abstract: The relationship between the five-factor model (FFM) of personality and Axis I disorders was evaluated in a nonclinical sample of 468 young adults. In general, scores on the 5 personality dimensions of neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness (assessed via the NEO Five-Factor Inventory) distinguished subjects with and without a variety of Axis I diagnoses from the revised third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. In several instances, results indicate that scores on these dimensions were differentially sensitive to diagnosis. Furthermore, scores on these 5 personality dimensions accounted for unique variance in several Axis I diagnoses above and beyond that accounted for by a general measure of current psychopathological symptoms. These results support the utility of the FFM of personality in Axis I diagnostic assessment.
TL;DR: Ulasonography screening in a low-risk pregnant population had no significant impact on the frequency of abortion for fetal anomalies and survival rates for anomalous fetuses were also unaffected by screening.
TL;DR: The results show that S-RNases alone are sufficient for pollen rejection in this system, and the promoter of a style-expressed gene from tomato is used to obtain high levels of S- RNase expression in transgenic Nicotiana.
Abstract: Many angiosperms employ self-incompatibility systems to prevent inbreeding. The simple genetics of such systems have made them attractive models of plant cellular communication. Implicit in the single locus genetics is that only one or a few gene products are necessary for recognition and rejection of incompatible pollen. Results in the sporophytic system of the Brassicaceae suggest that different S-locus products are responsible for the pollen and pistil parts of the recognition and rejection response. In solanaeceous plants, which have a gametophytic self-incompatibility system, the S locus product responsible for the pollen portion of the interaction has not been identified, but ribonucleases encoded by the S-locus (S-RNases) are strongly implicated in the style part of the recognition and rejection reaction. In Nicotiana alata, pollen recognition and rejection occur if its S-allele matches either S-allele in the style. The putative stylar S-RNase is abundant in the transmitting tract, and pollen rejection may be related to action of S-RNase on pollen RNAs. Efforts to understand the molecular basis for pollen recognition and rejection have been limited by the lack of a system for manipulating and expressing S-RNases. Here we use the promoter of a style-expressed gene from tomato to obtain high levels of S-RNase expression in transgenic Nicotiana. Recognition and rejection of N. alata pollen S-alleles occur faithfully in the transgenic plants. Our results show that S-RNases alone are sufficient for pollen rejection in this system.
01 Sep 1994
TL;DR: The paper presents group-oriented (t,n) threshold digital signature schemes based on the difficulty of solving the discrete logarithm problem, which can be easily extended to become a digital multisignature scheme.
Abstract: The paper presents group-oriented (t,n) threshold digital signature schemes based on the difficulty of solving the discrete logarithm problem. By employing these schemes, any t out of n users in a group can represent this group to sign the group signature. The size of the group signature and the verification time of the group signature are equivalent to that of an individual digital signature. In other words, the (t, n) threshold signature scheme has the following five properties: (i) any group signature is mutually generated by at least t group members; (ii) the size of the group signature is equivalent to the size of an individual signature; (iii) the signature verification process is simplified because there is only one group public key required; (iv) the group signature can be verified by any outsider; and (v) the group holds the responsibility to the signed message. In addition to the above properties, two of the schemes proposed do not require the assistance of a mutually trusted party. Each member selects its own secret key and the group public key is determined by all group members. Each group member signs a message separately and sends the individual signature to a designated clerk. The clerk validates each individual signature and then combines all individual signatures into a group signature. The (n, n) threshold signature scheme can be easily extended to become a digital multisignature scheme.<
>
TL;DR: White individuals appear to be at significantly higher risk of developing nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy than black or Hispanic individuals, suggesting possible genetic predisposition.
Abstract: This population-based study was undertaken to obtain information on age-, sex-, and race-specific incidence of nonarteritic and arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy for the State of Missouri and for Los Angeles County, California. Among subjects who were 50 or older the estimated mean annual incidence rates per 100,000 population were 2.30 for nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and 0.36 for arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. White individuals appear to be at significantly higher risk of developing nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy than black or Hispanic individuals, suggesting possible genetic predisposition.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors considered the question of when adolescence ends and young adulthood begins and addressed it in terms of broad and narrow socialization, which emphasizes the cultural context of development.
Abstract: The question of when adolescence ends and young adulthood begins is considered. Throughout, it is addressed in terms of the theory of broad and narrow socialization, which emphasizes the cultural context of development. The question is approached from cognitive, emotional, and behavioral perspectives, then from the perspective of role transitions (such as marriage and parenthood). The idea of an extended path from adolescence to adulthood is discussed, and the concept of emerging adulthood is presented. It is suggested that in most non-Western cultures the entrance to adulthood is socially defined and marked by a social event, usually marriage. In the contemporary West, however, where there is a strong emphasis on independence and individualism, the entrance to adulthood is defined and marked individually. Consequently, it is likely to be based on the achievement of residential and financial independence as well as on the attainment of cognitive self-sufficiency, emotional self-reliance, and behavioral self-control. Thus in the contemporary West the passage from adolescence to young adulthood is a process that is gradual and may take many years.
TL;DR: A protein phosphatase was cloned that interacts with a serine-threonine receptor-like kinase, RLK5, from Arabidopsis thaliana and may function as a signaling component in a pathway involving RLK 5.
Abstract: A protein phosphatase was cloned that interacts with a serine-threonine receptor-like kinase, RLK5, from Arabidopsis thaliana. The phosphatase, designated KAPP (kinase-associated protein phosphatase), is composed of three domains: an amino-terminal signal anchor, a kinase interaction (KI) domain, and a type 2C protein phosphatase catalytic region. Association of RLK5 with the KI domain is dependent on phosphorylation of RLK5 and can be abolished by dephosphorylation. KAPP may function as a signaling component in a pathway involving RLK5.
TL;DR: The multiple auxin-inducible elements within the GH3 promoter contribute incrementally to the overall level of auxin induction observed with this promoter.
Abstract: The soybean GH3 gene is transcriptionally induced in a wide variety of tissues and organs within minutes after auxin application. To determine the sequence elements that confer auxin inducibility to the GH3 promoter, we used gel mobility shift assays, methylation interference, deletion analysis, linker scanning, site-directed mutagenesis, and gain-of-function analysis with a minimal cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. We identified at least three sequence elements within the GH3 promoter that are auxin inducible and can function independently of one another. Two of these elements are found in a 76-bp fragment, and these consist of two independent 25- and 32-bp auxin-inducible elements. Both of these 25- and 32-bp auxin-inducible elements contain the sequence TGTCTC just upstream of an AATAAG. An additional auxin-inducible element was found upstream of the 76-bp auxin-inducible fragment; this can function independently of the 76-bp fragment. Two TGA-box or Hex-like elements (TGACGTAA and TGACGTGGC) in the promoter, which are strong binding sites for proteins in plant nuclear extracts, may also elevate the level of auxin inducibility of the GH3 promoter. The multiple auxin-inducible elements within the GH3 promoter contribute incrementally to the overall level of auxin induction observed with this promoter.
TL;DR: A model to describe a source with distortion no larger than /spl Delta//sub 1 and a more accurate description at distortion at R/sub 1.
Abstract: Let R(/spl middot/) be the rate-distortion function. Assume that we want to describe a source with distortion no larger than /spl Delta//sub 1/. From the rate-distortion theory we know that we need to do so at a rate R/sub 1/ no smaller than R(/spl Delta//sub 1/) /spl lsqb/bits/symbol/spl rsqb/. If it turns out that a more accurate description at distortion /spl Delta//sub 2/, /spl Delta//sub 2/ >
TL;DR: A novel neural network approach is presented for the automated separation of melanoma from 3 benign categories of tumors which exhibit melanoma-like characteristics and is able to obtain above 80% correct classification of the malignant and benign tumors on real skin tumor images.
Abstract: Malignant melanoma is the deadliest form of all skin cancers. Approximately 32,000 new cases of malignant melanoma were diagnosed in 1991 in the United States, with approximately 80% of patients expected to survive 5 years. Fortunately, if detected early, even malignant melanoma may be treated successfully, Thus, in recent years, there has been rising interest in the automated detection and diagnosis of skin cancer, particularly malignant melanoma. Here, the authors present a novel neural network approach for the automated separation of melanoma from 3 benign categories of tumors which exhibit melanoma-like characteristics. The approach uses discriminant features, based on tumor shape and relative tumor color, that are supplied to an artificial neural network for classification of tumor images as malignant or benign. With this approach, for reasonably balanced training/testing sets, the authors are able to obtain above 80% correct classification of the malignant and benign tumors on real skin tumor images. >
Posted Content•
TL;DR: This article used the Worker-Establishment Characteristic Database, which contains linked employer-employee data for a large sample of manufacturing workers and establishments, to examine the employer size-wage premium.
Abstract: In spite of the large and growing importance of the employer size-wage premium, previous attempts to account for this phenomenon using observable worker or employer characteristics have met with limited success. The primary reason for this lack of success has been the lack of suitable data. While most theoretical explanations for the size-wage premium are based on the matching of employer and employee characteristics, previous empirical work has relied on either worker surveys with little information about a worker's employer, or establishment surveys with little information about workers. In contrast, this study uses the newly created Worker-Establishment Characteristic Database, which contains linked employer-employee data for a large sample of manufacturing workers and establishments, to examine the employer size-wage premium. The main results are: 1) Examining the cross-plant distribution of the skill of workers shows that managers with larger observable measures of skill work in large plants and firms with production workers with larger observable measures of skill. 2) Results from reduced form wage regressions show that including measures of the amount or type of capital in a worker's plant eliminates the establishment size-wage premium. 3) These results are robust to efforts at correcting for possible bias in the parameter estimates due to sample selection. While these findings are consistent with neoclassical explanations for the size-wage premium that hypothesize that large employers employ more skilled workers, their primary importance is that they show that the employer size-wage premium can be accounted for with employer-employee matched data. As such, these data lend support to models which emphasize the role of employer-employee matching in accounting for both cross-sectional and dynamic aspects of the wage distribution.
TL;DR: The authors consider the important problem of using a simulation to estimate the performance of a communication system, and the basic techniques used to represent signals, generate signals, and model linear systems, nonlinear systems, and time-varying systems within a simulation.
Abstract: When both a complex system and a complex channel model are encountered, the result is typically a design or analysis problem that cannot be solved using traditional (pencil and paper) mathematical analysis. Computer-aided techniques, which usually involve some level of numerical simulation, can be a very valuable tool in these situations. The purpose of this article is to provide a tutorial review of some of the basic techniques of communication system simulation. The authors consider the basic techniques used to represent signals, generate signals, and model linear systems, nonlinear systems, and time-varying systems within a simulation. They consider the important problem of using a simulation to estimate the performance of a communication system. >
TL;DR: This paper aims to set the stage with a brief tutorial, raise some questions and then to offer a speculative look towards the future of stochastic resonance.
Abstract: Stochastic resonance is by now a well studied phenomenon whereby certain nonlinear systems, subject to weak input signals, have the property that the presentation of stochastic forcing, or “noise,” can enhance the coherence of the output. Since its introduction in 1981, this curious phenomenon has been the object of much study, yet a number of questions remain. In addition to offering an update to recent reviews, we hope here to set the stage with a brief tutorial, raise some questions and then to offer a speculative look towards the future.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the relationship between quality improvement and performance quality in 187 US business firms and found that the profile of quality and productivity improvement approach should vary, depending upon whether the firm is most interested in performance quality, operating improvement, or financial performance.
TL;DR: Estimation of LBM by creatinine kinetics is proposed as a simple and convenient technique for the routine nutritional assessment of dialysis patients.
Abstract: A new technique for estimating lean body mass (LBM) from creatinine kinetics has been developed. It is based on the principle that creatinine production is proportional to LBM and that, in the steady state, creatinine production is equal to the sum of creatinine excretion (urinary and dialytic) and metabolic degradation. This technique was applied to 17 normal subjects, 26 stable, chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients, and 71 stable, chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. In the HD group, LBM was also determined by bioimpedance in 11 patients and calculated from total body water, measured as the volume of urea distribution of a sterile urea infusion, in 15 patients. In normal subjects and in the PD group, LBM was assessed by creatinine kinetics as well as by bioimpedance, near infrared, and anthropometric techniques. In the HD patients, LBM by creatinine kinetics correlated significantly with LBM from total body water and the bioimpedance technique. There was no statistical difference between the total body water and creatinine kinetics techniques, but the bioimpedance values were systematically higher than those obtained by the kinetic technique. In the PD group and in normal volunteers, LBM values by creatinine kinetics correlated significantly with the other methods but were lower. Forty-seven percent of the HD patients and 66% of the PD patients had significantly lower LBM by creatinine kinetics than expected for their sex and age. Estimation of LBM by creatinine kinetics is proposed as a simple and convenient technique for the routine nutritional assessment of dialysis patients.