Institution
University of Missouri
Education•Columbia, Missouri, United States•
About: University of Missouri is a education organization based out in Columbia, Missouri, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 41427 authors who have published 83598 publications receiving 2911437 citations. The organization is also known as: Mizzou & Missouri-Columbia.
Topics: Population, Poison control, Health care, Gene, Mental health
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
••
TL;DR: Physical inactivity is a primary cause of most chronic diseases as discussed by the authors, and the body rapidly maladapts to insufficient physical activity, and if continued, results in substantial decreases in both total and quality years of life.
Abstract: Chronic diseases are major killers in the modern era. Physical inactivity is a primary cause of most chronic diseases. The initial third of the article considers: activity and prevention definitions; historical evidence showing physical inactivity is detrimental to health and normal organ functional capacities; cause vs. treatment; physical activity and inactivity mechanisms differ; gene-environment interaction [including aerobic training adaptations, personalized medicine, and co-twin physical activity]; and specificity of adaptations to type of training. Next, physical activity/exercise is examined as primary prevention against 35 chronic conditions [Accelerated biological aging/premature death, low cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), sarcopenia, metabolic syndrome, obesity, insulin resistance, prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, coronary heart disease, peripheral artery disease, hypertension, stroke, congestive heart failure, endothelial dysfunction, arterial dyslipidemia, hemostasis, deep vein thrombosis, cognitive dysfunction, depression and anxiety, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, balance, bone fracture/falls, rheumatoid arthritis, colon cancer, breast cancer, endometrial cancer, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, polycystic ovary syndrome, erectile dysfunction, pain, diverticulitis, constipation, and gallbladder diseases]. The article ends with consideration of deterioration of risk factors in longer-term sedentary groups; clinical consequences of inactive childhood/adolescence; and public policy. In summary, the body rapidly maladapts to insufficient physical activity, and if continued, results in substantial decreases in both total and quality years of life. Taken together, conclusive evidence exists that physical inactivity is one important cause of most chronic diseases. In addition, physical activity primarily prevents, or delays, chronic diseases, implying that chronic disease need not be an inevitable outcome during life.
1,753 citations
••
University of Évry Val d'Essonne1, Crops Research Institute2, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada3, J. Craig Venter Institute4, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University5, Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory6, University of Giessen7, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission8, Institut national de la recherche agronomique9, National Research Council10, Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics11, University of Cologne12, Purdue University13, University of California, Berkeley14, University of British Columbia15, Fondation Jean Dausset Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain16, Huazhong Agricultural University17, Hunan Agricultural University18, Chungnam National University19, University of Arizona20, University of York21, University of Missouri22, Southern Cross University23, University of Western Australia24, Centre national de la recherche scientifique25
TL;DR: The polyploid genome of Brassica napus, which originated from a recent combination of two distinct genomes approximately 7500 years ago and gave rise to the crops of rape oilseed, is sequenced.
Abstract: Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) was formed ~7500 years ago by hybridization between B. rapa and B. oleracea, followed by chromosome doubling, a process known as allopolyploidy. Together with more ancient polyploidizations, this conferred an aggregate 72× genome multiplication since the origin of angiosperms and high gene content. We examined the B. napus genome and the consequences of its recent duplication. The constituent An and Cn subgenomes are engaged in subtle structural, functional, and epigenetic cross-talk, with abundant homeologous exchanges. Incipient gene loss and expression divergence have begun. Selection in B. napus oilseed types has accelerated the loss of glucosinolate genes, while preserving expansion of oil biosynthesis genes. These processes provide insights into allopolyploid evolution and its relationship with crop domestication and improvement.
1,743 citations
••
TL;DR: A Cognitive Performance Scale (CPS) is designed that uses MDS data to assign residents into easily understood cognitive performance categories, and should prove useful to clinicians and investigators using the MDS to determine a resident's cognitive assets.
Abstract: Background Chronic cognitive impairment is a major problem in U.S. nursing homes, yet traditional assessment systems in most facilities included only limited information on cognitive status. Following the Congressional mandate in the Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1987 (OBRA '87), U.S. nursing homes now complete the Minimum Data Set (MDS), a standardized, comprehensive assessment of each resident's functional, medical, psychosocial, and cognitive status. We designed a Cognitive Performance Scale (CPS) that uses MDS data to assign residents into easily understood cognitive performance categories. Methods Information was drawn from three data sets, including two multistate data sets constructed for the Health Care Financing Administration. The prevalence and reliability of the MDS cognitive performance variables were established when assessed by trained nursing personnel. Five selected MDS items were combined to create the single, functionally meaningful seven-category hierarchical Cognitive Performance Scale. Results The CPS scale corresponded closely with scores generated by the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Test for Severe Impairment, nursing judgments of disorientation, and neurological diagnoses of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Conclusions The new CPS provides a functional view of cognitive performance, using readily available MDS data. It should prove useful to clinicians and investigators using the MDS to determine a resident's cognitive assets.
1,740 citations
••
University of Maryland, College Park1, University of Michigan2, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration3, Monash University, Clayton campus4, Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University5, University of Idaho6, University of New Mexico7, United States Geological Survey8, University of Missouri9, University of California, Berkeley10, University of Georgia11
TL;DR: The authors of as mentioned in this paper developed a comprehensive database of >37,000 river restoration projects across the United States, which are intended to enhance water quality, manage riparian zones, improve in-stream habitat, allow fish passage, and stabilize stream banks.
Abstract: The authors of this
Policy Forum
developed a comprehensive database of >37,000 river restoration projects across the United States. Such projects have increased exponentially over the past decade with more than a billion dollars spent annually since 1990. Most are intended to enhance water quality, manage riparian zones, improve in-stream habitat, allow fish passage, and stabilize stream banks. Only 10% of project records document any form of project monitoring, and little if any of this information is either appropriate or available for assessing the ecological effectiveness of restoration activities.
1,693 citations
••
TL;DR: The purpose of this paper is to propose a metatheory of problem solving in order to initiate dialogue and research rather than offering a definitive answer regarding its processes.
Abstract: Problem solving is generally regarded as the most important cognitive activity in everyday and professional contexts. Most people are required to and rewarded for solving problems. However, learning to solve problems is too seldom required in formal educational settings, in part, because our understanding of its processes is limited. Instructional-design research and theory has devoted too little attention to the study of problem-solving processes. In this article, I describe differences among problems in terms of their structuredness, domain specificity (abstractness), and complexity. Then, I briefly describe a variety of individual differences (factors internal to the problem solver) that affect problem solving. Finally, I articulate a typology of problems, each type of which engages different cognitive, affective, and conative processes and therefore necessitates different instructional support. The purpose of this paper is to propose a metatheory of problem solving in order to initiate dialogue and research rather than offering a definitive answer regarding its processes.
1,666 citations
Authors
Showing all 41750 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Walter C. Willett | 334 | 2399 | 413322 |
Meir J. Stampfer | 277 | 1414 | 283776 |
Russel J. Reiter | 169 | 1646 | 121010 |
Chad A. Mirkin | 164 | 1078 | 134254 |
Robert Stone | 160 | 1756 | 167901 |
Howard I. Scher | 151 | 944 | 101737 |
Rajesh Kumar | 149 | 4439 | 140830 |
Joseph T. Hupp | 141 | 731 | 82647 |
Lihong V. Wang | 136 | 1118 | 72482 |
Stephen R. Carpenter | 131 | 464 | 109624 |
Jan A. Staessen | 130 | 1137 | 90057 |
Robert S. Brown | 130 | 1243 | 65822 |
Mauro Giavalisco | 128 | 412 | 69967 |
Kenneth J. Pienta | 127 | 671 | 64531 |
Matthew W. Gillman | 126 | 529 | 55835 |