University of Missouri

About: University of Missouri is a education organization based out in Columbia, Missouri, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 41427 authors who have published 83598 publications receiving 2911437 citations. The organization is also known as: Mizzou & Missouri-Columbia.

Testing the 8-syndrome structure of the child behavior checklist in 30 societies

Abstract: There is a growing need for multicultural collaboration in child mental health services, training, and research. To facilitate such collaboration, this study tested the 8-syndrome structure of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) in 30 societies. Parents' CBCL ratings of 58,051 6- to 18-year-olds were subjected to confirmatory factor analyses, which were conducted separately for each society. Societies represented Asia; Africa; Australia; the Caribbean; Eastern, Western, Southern, and Northern Europe; the Middle East; and North America. Fit indices strongly supported the correlated 8-syndrome structure in each of 30 societies. The results support use of the syndromes in diverse societies.

Within‐plant signalling via volatiles overcomes vascular constraints on systemic signalling and primes responses against herbivores

Abstract: Plant volatiles play important roles in signalling between plants and insects, but their role in communication among plants remains controversial. Previous research on plant–plant communication has focused on interactions between neighbouring plants, largely overlooking the possibility that volatiles function as signals within plants. Here, we show that volatiles released by herbivore-wounded leaves of hybrid poplar (Populus deltoides · nigra) prime defences in adjacent leaves with little or no vascular connection to the wounded leaves. Undamaged leaves exposed to volatiles from wounded leaves on the same stem had elevated defensive responses to feeding by gypsy moth larvae (Lymantria dispar L.) compared with leaves that did not receive volatiles. Volatile signals may facilitate systemic responses to localized herbivory even when the transmission of internal signals is constrained by vascular connectivity. Self-signalling via volatiles is consistent with the short distances over which plant response to airborne cues has been observed to occur and has apparent benefits for emitting plants, suggesting that withinplant signalling may have equal or greater ecological significance than signalling between plants.

Rates of infection after spine surgery based on 108,419 procedures: a report from the Scoliosis Research Society Morbidity and Mortality Committee.

Abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of a prospectively collected database OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to assess the rates of postoperative wound infection associated with spine surgery SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Although wound infection after spine surgery remains a common source of morbidity, estimates of its rates of occurrence remain relatively limited The Scoliosis Research Society prospectively collects morbidity and mortality data from its members, including the occurrence of wound infection METHODS: The Scoliosis Research Society morbidity and mortality database was queried for all reported spine surgery cases from 2004 to 2007 Cases were stratified based on factors including diagnosis, adult (≥ 21 years) versus pediatric (<21 years), primary versus revision, use of implants, and whether a minimally invasive approach was used Superficial, deep, and total infection rates were calculated RESULTS: In total, 108,419 cases were identified, with an overall total infection rate of 21% (superficial = 08%, deep = 13%) Based on primary diagnosis, total postoperative wound infection rate for adults ranged from 14% for degenerative disease to 42% for kyphosis Postoperative wound infection rates for pediatric patients ranged from 09% for degenerative disease to 54% for kyphosis Rate of infection was further stratified based on subtype of degenerative disease, type of scoliosis, and type of kyphosis for both adult and pediatric patients Factors associated with increased rate of infection included revision surgery (P < 0001), performance of spinal fusion (P < 0001), and use of implants (P < 0001) Compared with a traditional open approach, use of a minimally invasive approach was associated with a lower rate of infection for lumbar discectomy (04% vs 11%; P < 0001) and for transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (13% vs 29%; P = 0005) CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that postsurgical infection, even among skilled spine surgeons, is an inherent potential complication These data provide general benchmarks of infection rates as a basis for ongoing efforts to improve safety of care

Transcriptome and methylome profiling reveals relics of genome dominance in the mesopolyploid Brassica oleracea.

Abstract: Background: Brassica oleracea is a valuable vegetable species that has contributed to human health and nutrition for hundreds of years and comprises multiple distinct cultivar groups with diverse morphological and phytochemical attributes. In addition to this phenotypic wealth, B. oleracea offers unique insights into polyploid evolution, as it results from multiple ancestral polyploidy events and a final Brassiceae-specific triplication event. Further, B. oleracea represents one of the diploid genomes that formed the economically important allopolyploid oilseed, Brassica napus. A deeper understanding of B. oleracea genome architecture provides a foundation for crop improvement strategies throughout the Brassica genus. Results: We generate an assembly representing 75% of the predicted B. oleracea genome using a hybrid Illumina/ Roche 454 approach. Two dense genetic maps are generated to anchor almost 92% of the assembled scaffolds to nine pseudo-chromosomes. Over 50,000 genes are annotated and 40% of the genome predicted to be repetitive, thus contributing to the increased genome size of B. oleracea compared to its close relative B. rapa. A snapshot of both the leaf transcriptome and methylome allows comparisons to be made across the triplicated sub-genomes, which resulted from the most recent Brassiceae-specific polyploidy event. Conclusions: Differential expression of the triplicated syntelogs and cytosine methylation levels across the sub-genomes suggest residual marks of the genome dominance that led to the current genome architecture. Although cytosine methylation does not correlate with individual gene dominance, the independent methylation patterns of triplicated copies suggest epigenetic mechanisms play a role in the functional diversification of duplicate genes.