Institution
University of Montana
Education•Missoula, Montana, United States•
About: University of Montana is a education organization based out in Missoula, Montana, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Climate change. The organization has 9839 authors who have published 19712 publications receiving 743630 citations. The organization is also known as: UM & U of M.
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United States Geological Survey1, University of Arizona2, University of Batna3, Oregon State University4, Los Alamos National Laboratory5, Centre national de la recherche scientifique6, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research7, Natural Resources Canada8, University of California, Berkeley9, University of Granada10, Northern Research Institute11, Forest Research Institute12, Food and Agriculture Organization13, University of Montana14, Northern Arizona University15
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the first global assessment of recent tree mortality attributed to drought and heat stress and identify key information gaps and scientific uncertainties that currently hinder our ability to predict tree mortality in response to climate change and emphasizes the need for a globally coordinated observation system.
5,811 citations
TL;DR: In this article, two statistical tests for detecting a heterozygosity excess are described, and the most useful markers for bottleneck detection are those evolving under the infinite allele model (IAM) and they provide guidelines for selecting sample sizes of individuals and loci.
Abstract: When a population experiences a reduction of its effective size, it generally develops a heterozygosity excess at selectively neutral loci, i.e., the heterozygosity computed from a sample of genes is larger than the heterozygosity expected from the number of alleles found in the sample if the population were at mutation drift equilibrium. The heterozygosity excess persists only a certain number of generations until a new equilibrium is established. Two statistical tests for detecting a heterozygosity excess are described. They require measurements of the number of alleles and heterozygosity at each of several loci from a population sample. The first test determines if the proportion of loci with heterozygosity excess is significantly larger than expected at equilibrium. The second test establishes if the average of standardized differences between observed and expected heterozygosities is significantly different from zero. Type I and II errors have been evaluated by computer simulations, varying sample size, number of loci, bottleneck size, time elapsed since the beginning of the bottleneck and level of variability of loci. These analyses show that the most useful markers for bottleneck detection are those evolving under the infinite allele model (IAM) and they provide guidelines for selecting sample sizes of individuals and loci. The usefulness of these tests for conservation biology is discussed.
4,106 citations
Max Planck Society1, Broad Institute2, University of California, Berkeley3, European Bioinformatics Institute4, National Institutes of Health5, University of Massachusetts Medical School6, Spanish National Research Council7, University of Washington8, University of Montana9, Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts10, University of Oviedo11, University of Bonn12, Emory University13, University College Cork14, Harvard University15
TL;DR: The genomic data suggest that Neandertals mixed with modern human ancestors some 120,000 years ago, leaving traces of Ne andertal DNA in contemporary humans, suggesting that gene flow from Neand Bertals into the ancestors of non-Africans occurred before the divergence of Eurasian groups from each other.
Abstract: Neandertals, the closest evolutionary relatives of present-day humans, lived in large parts of Europe and western Asia before disappearing 30,000 years ago. We present a draft sequence of the Neandertal genome composed of more than 4 billion nucleotides from three individuals. Comparisons of the Neandertal genome to the genomes of five present-day humans from different parts of the world identify a number of genomic regions that may have been affected by positive selection in ancestral modern humans, including genes involved in metabolism and in cognitive and skeletal development. We show that Neandertals shared more genetic variants with present-day humans in Eurasia than with present-day humans in sub-Saharan Africa, suggesting that gene flow from Neandertals into the ancestors of non-Africans occurred before the divergence of Eurasian groups from each other.
3,575 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present evidence from satellite data that the photosynthetic activity of terrestrial vegetation increased from 1981 to 1991 in a manner that is suggestive of an increase in plant growth associated with a lengthening of the active growing season.
Abstract: Variations in the amplitude and timing of the seasonal cycle of atmospheric CO2 have shown an association with surface air temperature consistent with the hypothesis that warmer temperatures have promoted increases in plant growth during summer1 and/or plant respiration during winter2 in the northern high latitudes. Here we present evidence from satellite data that the photosynthetic activity of terrestrial vegetation increased from 1981 to 1991 in a manner that is suggestive of an increase in plant growth associated with a lengthening of the active growing season. The regions exhibiting the greatest increase lie between 45°N and 70°N, where marked warming has occurred in the spring time3 due to an early disappearance of snow4. The satellite data are concordant with an increase in the amplitude of the seasonal cycle of atmospheric carbon dioxide exceeding 20% since the early 1970s, and an advance of up to seven days in the timing of the drawdown of CO2 in spring and early summer1. Thus, both the satellite data and the CO2 record indicate that the global carbon cycle has responded to interannual fluctuations in surface air temperature which, although small at the global scale, are regionally highly significant.
3,368 citations
University of California, Irvine1, University of Montana2, University of California, Riverside3, University of Notre Dame4, University of Vermont5, Kansas State University6, State University of New York at Plattsburgh7, Rockefeller University8, Vanderbilt University9, University of New Orleans10, University of California, Santa Cruz11
TL;DR: In this article, the introduction of invasive species and identifying life history stages where management will be most effective are discussed. And evolutionary processes may be key features in determining whether invasive species establish and spread.
Abstract: ■ Abstract Contributions from the field of population biology hold promise for understanding and managing invasiveness; invasive species also offer excellent opportunities to study basic processes in population biology. Life history studies and demographic models may be valuable for examining the introduction of invasive species and identifying life history stages where management will be most effective. Evolutionary processes may be key features in determining whether invasive species establish and spread. Studies of genetic diversity and evolutionary changes should be useful for
3,280 citations
Authors
Showing all 9920 results
| Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peer Bork | 206 | 697 | 245427 |
| Rob Knight | 201 | 1061 | 253207 |
| Jasvinder A. Singh | 176 | 2382 | 223370 |
| George F. Koob | 171 | 935 | 112521 |
| Claude Bouchard | 153 | 1076 | 115307 |
| Alessandro Sette | 150 | 898 | 75649 |
| Bernhard O. Palsson | 147 | 831 | 85051 |
| Eugene C. Butcher | 146 | 446 | 72849 |
| Steven W. Running | 126 | 355 | 76265 |
| Ajit Varki | 124 | 542 | 58772 |
| Richard J.H. Smith | 118 | 1308 | 61779 |
| Raymond C. Stevens | 114 | 479 | 52182 |
| William S. Lane | 113 | 246 | 55543 |
| Alma L. Burlingame | 107 | 610 | 43486 |
| J. Andrew McCammon | 106 | 669 | 55698 |