Showing papers by "University of Montpellier published in 1986"
TL;DR: The finding that selection by pesticides may result in the amplification of genes encoding detoxifying enzymes in whole, normally developed, reproducing insects emphasizes the biological importance of this mechanism and opens new areas of investigation in pesticide resistance management.
Abstract: An esterase gene from the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus that is responsible for resistance to a variety of organophosphorus (OP) insecticides was cloned in lambda gt11 phage. This gene was used to investigate the genetic mechanism of the high production of the esterase B1 it encodes in OP-resistant Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Tem-R strain) from California. Adults of the Tem-R strain were found to possess at least 250 times more copies of the gene than adults of a susceptible strain (S-Lab). The finding that selection by pesticides may result in the amplification of genes encoding detoxifying enzymes in whole, normally developed, reproducing insects emphasizes the biological importance of this mechanism and opens new areas of investigation in pesticide resistance management.
346 citations
TL;DR: Comparison of immunocytochemical data with earlier physiological observations on the effects of VNAB lesions on ACTH secretion indicates that the catecholaminergic afferents to the PVN conveyed by the V NAB stimulate the release and the synthesis of CRH and Vp by parvocellular neurons projecting into the external median eminence.
132 citations
TL;DR: Resistance mechanisms of a strain of Culex pipiens L., collected in southern France in 1979 and highly resistant to chlorpyrifos, were investigated by comparing the resistance characteristics to various organophosphates and carbamates in the absence or presence of synergists and determining the biochemical characteristics of four enzymes.
Abstract: Resistance mechanisms of a strain (MSE) of Culex pipiens L., collected in southern France in 1979 and highly resistant to chlorpyrifos, were investigated by comparing the resistance characteristics to various organophosphates and carbamates in the absence or presence of synergists and determining the biochemical characteristics of four enzymes (esterases, glutathione- S -transferases, mixed function oxidases, and acetylcholinesterase) compared with a susceptible strain and a chlorpyrifos-resistant strain (S54) collected in the same area in 1960 and 1974, respectively. Chlorpyrifos resistance in S54 was due to a detoxifying esterase as previously described, whereas resistance in MSE was associated with an acetylcholinesterase insensitive to the inhibition by chlorpyrifoxon and some carbamates (propoxur, carbosulfan, and carbaryl), and with an increase of oxidative metabolism.
131 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a cloned Y-specific sequence (Bishop et al. 1985) was used as a diagnostic probe to distinguish between mus musculus domesticus and Mus musculus musculusY-chromosomes.
Abstract: A cloned Y-specific sequence (Bishop et al. 1985) was used as a diagnostic probe to distinguish between Mus musculus domesticus and Mus musculus musculusY-chromosomes. Analysis of the RFLPs obtained with genomic DNA isolated from wild mice caught along the contact zone between M. m. domesticus and M. m. musculus in Bulgaria and Denmark showed that the Y-chromosome flow between the two semi-species is very limited. The degree of Y-chromosome penetration was compared with that of seven diagnostic autosomal loci and the mitochondrial DNA. Breeding experiments showed that the lack of Y-chromosome introgression from one semispecies to the other was not due to a major hybrid breakdown. The results suggest that the disruption of differentiated co-adapted gene systems could play a role in limiting Y-introgression.
127 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a Korn's inequality and miscellaneous results of duality, traces, density and orthogonality are established for the study of Norton-Hoff materials.
Abstract: Some specific functional spaces are required for the study of Norton-Hoff materials. For this purpose we establish here a Korn's inequality and miscellaneous results of duality, traces, density and orthogonality.
102 citations
TL;DR: This study should help to define the best nutritional support protocol for patients with various short bowel syndromes in order to ensure the best possible intestinal adaptation and to improve their quality of life.
Abstract: Thirty-nine patients with short bowel syndrome after extensive small bowel resection, with or without associated partial or total colectomy, received continuous total parenteral nutrition followed by discontinuous parenteral nutrition. Home parenteral nutrition was introduced in 16 of these patients; in eight it was permanent. The assessment of nutritional status included body weight; standard urinary and blood studies; albumin, prealbumin, and transferrin serum levels; and both urinary and fecal nitrogen. A statistically significant correlation (P<0.001) was observed between the length of the remaining small bowel and the necessary duration of nutritional support. Multivariate analysis allowed us to classify patients into three groups as a function of remaining gut length and the duration of required nutritional support. This study should help to define the best nutritional support protocol for patients with various short bowel syndromes in order to ensure the best possible intestinal adaptation and to improve their quality of life.
92 citations
83 citations
TL;DR: Though lower than at copulation, plasma LH was higher in incubating and brooding (males and females) emperors than during rearing of the thermally emancipated chicks, suggesting that plasma LH might be related to incubating, brooding, and territorial behavior.
63 citations
TL;DR: An iterative algorithm for solving a convex quadratic program with one equality constraint and bounded variables and preliminary testing suggests that this approach is efficient for problems with diagonally dominant matrices.
Abstract: In this paper we propose an iterative algorithm for solving a convex quadratic program with one equality constraint and bounded variables. At each iteration, a separable convex quadratic program with the same constraint set is solved. Two variants are analyzed: one that uses an exact line search, and the other a unit step size. Preliminary testing suggests that this approach is efficient for problems with diagonally dominant matrices.
58 citations
TL;DR: Aerogels produced by hypercritical drying of gels from hydrolysis of TMOS in various pH conditions and subjected to a densification process were studied by SAXS using the LURE synchrotron facility as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Aerogels produced by hypercritical drying of gels from hydrolysis of TMOS in various pH conditions and subjected to a densification process were studied by SAXS using the LURE synchrotron facility. The evaluation of scattering data combined with BET measurements leads to a model of aerogels consisting of a light density matrix in which meso- and macro-pores are embedded. No fractal features were observed for the gels, the Porod's limit having an exponent n = 4. This could mean that either these aerogels are not fractals or that the SAXS method suffers from an inherent ambiguity for fractal dimension D = 3.
49 citations
TL;DR: Data suggest that in these neurons, perikaryal hormone synthesis may be closely related to the releasing activity of the axon terminals and point to appropriate colchicine treatment as useful tool for evaluating the functional state of CRH and Vp neurons of the parvocellular paraventricular nucleus under various experimental conditions.
Abstract: The specific immunoreactivity of neurons containing corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) or vasopressin (Vp) was studied both centrally, in the parvocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus, and distally, in the external median eminence. Control rats were compared with adrenalectomized rats and with animals supplemented with corticosterone or dexamethasone, either without additional treatment, or 24, and 48 h after an intraventricular injection of colchicine. In all groups of animals, colchicine induced a progressive and parallel decrease in both CRH and Vp immunoreactivity within the axons of the external median eminence. A semi-quantitative estimation of this axonal immunostaining showed that the decrease was clearly correlated with the axons' releasing activity according to the different functional states of the adrenocorticotropic system. Increased rates of hormonal release induced by adrenalectomy could be seen in the accelerated depletion of axonal immunoreactivity whereas corticosteroid supplementation had the opposite effect. Correspondingly, the progressive intensification of the CRH and Vp immunoreactivity within the perikarya following colchicine treatment was further markedly enhanced in adrenalectomized rats and diminished after corticosteroid supplementation. Taken together, these data suggest that in these neurons, perikaryal hormone synthesis may be closely related to the releasing activity of the axon terminals. They further point to appropriate colchicine treatment as useful tool for evaluating the functional state of CRH and Vp neurons of the parvocellular paraventricular nucleus under various experimental conditions.
TL;DR: In this article, periods of sensitivity to antibiotic treatment were studied. But they did not consider the effects of specific drugs on patients' immunity to Antibiotic Treatment.
Abstract: (1986). Periods of Sensitivity to Antibiotic Treatment. Acta Oto-Laryngologica: Vol. 101, No. sup429, pp. 29-33.
TL;DR: Changes in plasma ACTH and corticosterone concentrations were measured in individual cannulated rats at stages 1 and 5 of limbic kindling induced by electrical stimulation of the basolateral amygdala or the dorsal hippocampus to discuss the central control of the adrenocorticotropic system and the neuroendocrine correlates of the kindling process.
TL;DR: In this paper, the temperature Tc of the onset of crystallization for silica gels containing controlled amounts of alkali ions was determined for various gelation conditions, and it was shown that the texture of the gels plays a minor role in their densification behavior.
Abstract: The temperature Tc of the onset of crystallization for silica gels containing controlled amounts of alkali ions was determined for various gelation conditions. It is shown that while Tc is mainly influenced by the percentage of alkali, the texture of the gels plays a minor role. The densification behaviour, on the contrary, strongly depends on the texture of the materials and is faster for acid-catalysed gels. For gels containing traces of alkali, catalysis in acid conditions is thus more likely to produce materials which would densify before crystallizing.
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TL;DR: In this article, the dual principles governing the equilibrium state of an elastic-locking material were established by means of a penalty method, and the locking limit analysis problem was introduced to determine which displacements can be imposed on a locking body before complete locking.
Abstract: This work is devoted to the study of variational problems encountered in the theory of locking materials introduced by Prager. In a first step, we are interested in the dual principles governing the equilibrium state of an elastic-locking material. We establish the inf-sup equality by means of a penalty method. In a second step, we introduce and discuss the locking limit analysis problem. This problem allows one to determine which displacements can be imposed on a locking body before complete locking. We show the equivalence of the statical and the kinematical methods. Two appendices close the paper. The first one focuses the attention on stress concentrations in a problem of torsion, and the second is devoted to materials with limited compressibility which lead to simpler mathematical problems.
TL;DR: The results suggest that part of the vasopressin- or oxytocin-containing perikarya located in the supraoptic nucleus constitute the cells of origin of axons which also contain these peptides and which have already been shown to be present in the above extrahypothalamic areas.
TL;DR: In the oligodendrocytes, which produce the myelin sheaths in the central nervous system, gelsolin could therefore be involved in the control of the complex motile events leading to myelin wrapping.
TL;DR: Ro 15-1788 (100 nM), a selective antagonist of the central type of benzodiazepine-binding sites, completely abolished the inhibitory effect of DZ (10 nM) on the TRH-induced TSH and GH responses.
Abstract: The perifusion technique was used to investigate the action of diazepam (DZ), a benzodiazepine molecule known to compete for TRH receptor binding in rat pituitary, on TRH-induced TSH and GH release. The release kinetics for the two hormones from quartered pituitaries were measured in response to a 6-min pulse of TRH (10 nM), without or with DZ addition for a period of 30 min before and during the TRH pulse, plus an additional 15-min period. The dynamic patterns of TSH and GH release in response to TRH were characterized by a rapid increase in hormone release, declining slowly over the next 20 min. The rate of release represented 2.98 +/- 0.02 (+/- SE) and 1.75 +/- 0.06 times the corresponding basal level for TSH and GH, respectively, when evaluated over the first 15 min of the response to TRH. Addition of increasing doses of DZ suppressed the stimulatory effect of TRH in a dose-related manner, with an ID50 of 3 nM for both TSH and GH. The maximal effect of DZ was obtained with a concentration of 10 nM for both hormones. Ro 15-1788 (100 nM), a selective antagonist of the central type of benzodiazepine-binding sites (added to the perifusion system 30 min before DZ and then during the whole period of DZ perifusion), completely abolished (P less than 0.01) the inhibitory effect of DZ (10 nM) on the TRH-induced TSH and GH responses. When added alone before the TRH pulse, Ro 15-1788 had no effect on the TSH response to TRH. In contrast, PK 11,195 (100 nM), a selective antagonist of the nonneuronal benzodiazepine-binding sites, was unable to abolish the inhibitory action of DZ on TRH-stimulated TSH release. In addition, the effects of four other types of benzodiazepine (flurazepam, chlordiazepoxide, midazolam, and medazepam), all tested at a 10-nM concentration, corroborated these findings. Furthermore, DZ inhibition of the TSH response was nullified by picrotoxin (1 microM), but not by bicuculline (1 microM), two gamma-aminobutyric acid antagonists that had no effect, by themselves, on this response. For comparison, the effect of DZ (10 nM) was also tested on the release of GH in response to human GH-releasing factor-(1-44)-NH2 (10 nM) and was found to be ineffective.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
TL;DR: A carotid end-to-end anastomosis was performed in 50 Wistar rats by means of a Coherent 900 Argon laser and showed that the heating effects of the Argon laser caused collagenous fusion of the media on day 0, while the sealing line became reendothelialized on day 10.
Abstract: A carotid end-to-end anastomosis was performed in 50 Wistar rats (mean weight 260 g) by means of a Coherent 900 Argon laser. A micromanipulator coupled to an operating Zeiss OPMI 1 microscope provided a beam with a focused spot of 150 μm in diameter. After 2 stitches were made (180° apart from each other) to obtain good adjustment of the arterial ends, vessel anastomosis was achieved on common carotids (0.7–1.2 mm in diameter) using 19 laser shots of a mean power output of 300 milliwatts (mW) (1,700 W/cm2) for 5 sec. Good vascular flow was confirmed by Doppler spectral analysis and angiography performed on day 0, 3, 10, 20, and so forth up to 7 months. Light and scanning electron microscopy showed that the heating effects of the Argon laser caused collagenous fusion of the media on day 0, while the sealing line became reendothelialized on day 10. The patency rate was 76%. Complications such as thrombosis, disruption, and aneurysm must be attributed to initial technical drawbacks.
TL;DR: Between January 1975 and December 1983 in the Cancer Institute, Montpellier, France, regional surgery was performed on 18 Stage III and 3 Stage IV patients with histologically proven cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary with no operative mortality.
Abstract: Between January 1975 and December 1983 in the Cancer Institute, Montpellier, France, regional surgery (RS) was performed on 18 Stage III and 3 Stage IV patients (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics [FIGO]) with histologically proven cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary. All patients were placed into one of three nonrandomized groups: Group A (9 patients), RS at first-look surgery; Group B (7 patients), RS at second-look surgery; and Group C (5 patients), RS at third-look surgery. Group A was given adjuvant chemotherapy, whereas Group B and C patients underwent nonregional surgery at first- or second-look operation, and received chemotherapy supplemented in some Group C cases by radiotherapy before RS. The adjuvant chemotherapy consisted of: cyclophosphamide plus Alkeran (mephalan) plus 5-fluorouracil (the first 7 patients) and Adriamycin (doxorubicin) plus cisplatin plus hexamethylmelamine (14 additional patients). RS consisted of basic procedures--abdominal hysterectomy; bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy; omentectomy--and specific procedures--abdominal and pelvic peritonectomy; either total or partial colectomy; jejunoilectomy, leaving at least 150 cm of the jejunum; and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection aimed at maximal cytoreduction of tumor mass. There was no operative mortality. The overall postoperative morbidity was 33.3% (seven patients) due to wound sepsis. The survival from the beginning of treatment (absolute survival [AS]) and survival after RS (RSS) were compared. In Group A (AS = RSS) the probability of survival at 112 months (6/9 patients are still alive) was 0.52. In Groups B and C the median survival times (AS and RSS) were 37 and 17 months and 18 and 1 month, respectively. The difference in AS among the three groups of patients was not statistically significant (log-rank test), whereas the RSS was statistically significant between Group A versus Groups B, C, and Groups B and C combined (P less than 0.05).
TL;DR: It is concluded that specific opiate receptors may be located on TRH nerve endings in the ME, and that endogenous opiates may not have any physiological role in the cold-induced TRH response, at least during the two hours that follow cold exposure.
01 Jun 1986
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that if P est un K -module libre de rang n + 1, l'algebre S K (P ) est isomorphe a l' algebre des polynomes K [ X 0, X 1, X n ] en les indeterminees X 0, X 1,…, X n a coefficients dans K and est le K-module Libre don une base est formee par les monomes tels que, Par les mooomes homogenes de degre m.
Abstract: Soient K un anneau commutatif a element unite, P un K -module unitaire, S K ( P ) l'algebre symetrique de P et le sous- K -module de S K ( P ) des elements homogenes de degre m ≧0. Rappelons que si P est un K -module libre de rang n + 1, l'algebre S K ( P ) est isomorphe a l'algebre des polynomes K [ X 0 , X 1 ,…, X n ] en les indeterminees X 0 , X 1 ,…, X n a coefficients dans K et est le K -module libre dont une base est formee par les monomes tels que ie., Par les mooomes homogenes de degre m .
TL;DR: The hypothesis has been advanced that, in the mink, long days might simultaneously inhibit hypothalamic luteinizing- hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) activity and prolactin-inhibiting factor (PIF) activity.
Abstract: It has been demonstrated that an endogenous mechanism is involved in photoperiodic time measurement in the mink, a short-day-breeding mannal. A study of testicular activity (testicular volume, plasma testosterone concentration) and plasma prolactin level was carried out in sexually resting minks (the experiment began in November). Groups of minks were kept in the natural photoperiod or subjected to different resonance light-dark (LD) cycles (LD 4:8, LD 4:20, LD 4:32, LD 4:44); an additional group of animals was reared in an ahemeral photoperiod (LD 4:16). A rapid increase of testicular activity was observed in control animals or those kept in LD 4:20 (T 24) and LD 4:44 (T 48). In the other groups of animals, those kept in LD 4:8 (T 12), LD 4:32 (T 36), and LD 4:16 (T 20), testicular function remained at rest. Prolactin secretion was, in contrast, stimulated in the groups kept in LD 4:8 (T 12). LD 4:32 (T 36), and LD 4:16 (T 20), and remained low in the groups kept in LD 4:20 (T 24) and LD 4:44 (T 48). The...
TL;DR: Cytoplasmic incompatibilities were observed between strains derived from various natural populations of Culex pipiens in southern France, suggesting their existence in a restricted geographic area heavily submitted to pest control by insecticides may have an important impact on the selection and dispersal of the genes conferring resistance.
Abstract: Cytoplasmic incompatibilities were observed between strains derived from various natural populations of Culex pipiens in southern France. Their existence in a restricted geographic area heavily submitted to pest control by insecticides may have an important impact on the selection and dispersal of the genes conferring resistance. In addition, it is possible that cytoplasmic incompatibilities play some role in the relationships between Culex pipiens populations colonizing hypogeous and epigeous larval sites, i.e. populations sometimes referred to in the literature as molestus and pipiens.
01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: The work carried out in the last decade at the C.N.R.S Glass Laboratory in Montpellier has shown that drying methods based on hypercritical solvent evacuation could be successfully used to obtain monolithic aerogels of appreciable size as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The work carried out in the last decade at the C.N.R.S Glass Laboratory in Montpellier has shown that drying methods based on hypercritical solvent evacuation could be successfully used to obtain monolithic aerogels of appreciable size.
TL;DR: The two types of retinal lesions improved gradually in 10 patients and deteriorated in only 1 patient, although not progressing to proliferative retinopathy, although glycaemic control was significantly improved in all cases when compared to previous conventional therapy.
Abstract: Recent studies have suggested that optimal glucose control fails to arrest or even worsens background retinopathy possibly by aggravating retinal ischaemia. Fourteen insulin-dependent diabetic patients, aged 34 +/- 11 years (mean +/- SD) treated by long-term intraperitoneal insulin infusion using portable pumps, were followed for 3 years. Preproliferative or proliferative lesions on ophthalmoscopy and large non-perfused areas on fluorescein angiography were exclusion criteria. Six patients were found to have minimal and 8 mild background retinopathy. The patients were retrospectively assigned to two comparable groups except for their glycaemic equilibrium under insulin infusion: average control (n = 6) and excellent control (n = 8), although glycaemic control was significantly improved in all cases when compared to previous conventional therapy. Fluorescein changes were scored blindly and independently by 3 ophthalmologists according to modifications of fluorescein diffusion and capillary abnormalities. The two types of retinal lesions improved gradually in 10 patients and deteriorated in only 1 patient, although not progressing to proliferative retinopathy. Structural improvements were significantly more frequent in the excellently controlled group. We conclude that non-ischaemic lesions may still be arrested and even improved by tight metabolic control.
TL;DR: It is proposed that in edible dormice, the annual thyroid cycle, which is thermoperiodically entrained, in turn entrains the testosterone cycle, similar to the fluctuations previously observed in intact animals exposed to constant ambient temperatures.
TL;DR: It is indicated that the maturation of the peripheral somatosensory pathway proceeds at a faster rate than that of the central somatosENSory pathway, and that the ascending time of P is a good index of thalamo-cortical maturation.
Abstract: The somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) to stimulation of the tibial nerve were studied in 88 children ranging in age from 1 day to 16 years. SEPs were not evidenced in 10 out of 44 infants less than 1 year old. In others it was a major positive wave (P) with a variable topographic distribution on the midline. The onset and peak latencies of this P were highly variable in different subjects of the same age or body-size, and in the same subject with the active electrode placed in different locations. The lowset values for latency were in subjects about 3 years old. The ascending time of P was the only parameter strictly correlated with age. The results are compared with SEPs to upper limb stimulation, which are constant and more reliable. These results indicate: (i) that the maturation of the peripheral somatosensory pathway proceeds at a faster rate than that of the central somatosensory pathway; (ii) that the maturation of the somatosensory pathway of the upper limb precedes that of the lower limb; and (iii) that the ascending time of P is a good index of thalamo-cortical maturation. The clinical utility of these SEPs in pediatrics is discussed.
TL;DR: A reversed-phase column liquid chromatographic assay for indomethacin and its prodrug apyramide, an ester of I and of acetaminophen, proved once more to be reproducible and efficient, its recovery being similar to that of published extraction methods into non-miscible solvents.
TL;DR: In this article, various novel dehydration techniques were implemented to investigate the amorphous layer that developses at the water-glass interface in the event of corrosion of a radioactive waste confinement glass by an aqueous solution.
Abstract: Various novel dehydration techniques were implemented to investigate the amorphous layer that developes at the water-glass interface in the event of corrosion of a radioactive waste confinement glass by an aqueous solution. The primary objective was to observe a texture and structure representative of the gel state as it occurs in the aqueous medium. During previous work, no special precautions were taken when dehydrating this layer, and structural breakdown was unavoidable.