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Showing papers by "University of Münster published in 1988"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Of male PROCAM trial participants, ages 40 to 65 years, who had been free of myocardial infarction or stroke at the time of entry and had been followed up for 4 years, longitudinal data analysis shows that hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia are independent risk factors for CHD.

452 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The tonotopic organization of the human auditory cortex has been investigated by systematic measurements of magnetic fields evoked by tone-bursts with carrier frequencies of 250, 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz and suggest that the equivalent current dipoles of both the 100m and the 160m component are located in the transverse temporal gyri.

400 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results state the probability of a lumbar vertebra encountering a fatigue fracture in relation to the magnitude of the cyclic load and the number of load cycles and it is shown that the ultimate compressive strength of a vertebra can be predicted with an error of less than 1 kN on the basis of bone density and endplate area.

315 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: Using a monoclonal antibody to macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF), two proteins were isolated from supernatants of Concanavalin A-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells which seem to have complexed to a third component carrying the MIF activity and are designated MIF-related proteins or MRp-8 and MRP-14 according to their apparent molecular weights.
Abstract: Using a monoclonal antibody to macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF), two proteins were isolated from supernatants of Concanavalin A-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells which seem to have complexed to a third component carrying the MIF activity. They are therefore designated MIF-related proteins or MRP-8 and MRP-14 according to their apparent molecular weights. Partial amino acid sequences have been determined and their cDNA have been cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Both are calcium-binding proteins and MRP-8 seems to be largely homologous to the cystic fibrosis antigen (Dorin et al., 1987). Antisera were raised in the rabbit against the recombinant proteins and their expression in cells and tissues studied using immunohistological techniques. The proteins are only found in blood granulocytes and monocytes. In culture the number of positive monocytes sharply increased and then declined with time, suggesting that their expression is associated with early stages of monocyte/macrophage differentiation and absent from resident macrophages in all tested tissues. In acute inflammatory reactions, e.g. gingivitis, MRP-8 is never seen in the tissue, whereas MRP-14 is expressed by intravascular monocytes and perivascular macrophages. In contrast, in chronic inflammation, e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, MRP-8 is also expressed by macrophages in the tissue. From this it is concluded that MRP-8 and MRP-14 are expressed sequentially at defined stages of monocyte/macrophage differentiation and that dysregulation of this process in chronic inflammation is mirrored by the presence of MRP-8-positive macrophages in the tissue.

279 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Aug 1988-Icarus
TL;DR: In this paper, the deformation of Io, the tidal dissipation rate, and its interior spatial distribution are investigated by means of numerical simulations based on (1) a three-layer model (with dissipation in the mantle) or (2) a four-layer (with dissolution in the asthenosphere).

276 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Apr 1988-Blood
TL;DR: Results suggest that both thrombospondin and GP Ia are essential in collagen-induced platelet aggregation, and that Aggregation in response to collagen could be restored by adding throm bospond in platelets.

172 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the consensus reached by the authors with respect to the contributions to the substorm expansive phase of direct energy input from the solar wind and from energy stored in the magnetotail which is released in a sometimes unpredictable manner.
Abstract: This paper presents the consensus arrived at by the authors with respect to the contributions to the substorm expansive phase of direct energy input from the solar wind and from energy stored in the magnetotail which is released in a sometimes unpredictable manner. Two physical processes, neither of which can be ignored, are considered to be of importance in the dispensation of the energy input from the solar wind. One of these is the ‘driven process’ in which energy, supplied from the solar wind, is directly dissipated in the ionosphere with the only clearly definable delay being due to the inductance of the magnetosphere-ionosphere system. The other is the ‘loading-unloading process’ in which energy from the solar wind is first stored in the magnetotail and then is suddenly released to be deposited in the ionosphere as a consequence of external changes in the interplanetary medium or internal triggering processes. Although the driven process appears to be more dominant on a statistical basis in terms of solar wind-geomagnetic activity relationships, one or the other of the two above processes may dominate for any individual cases. Moreover, the two processes may operate simultaneously during a given phase of the substorm, e.g., the magnetotail may experience loading as the driven system increases in strength. Thus, in our approach, substorms are described in terms of physical processes which we infer to be operative in the magnetosphere and the terminology of the past (e.g., phases) is related to those inferred physical processes. The pattern of substorm development in response to changes in the interplanetary medium is presented for a canonical isolated substorm.

151 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Positive correlations were observed between dermal T6+ cells and IL‐2 R+ lymphocytes, and the presence of IFN‐γ in the infiltrate and HLA‐DR and gp89 antigens on tumor cells, which suggest mutual influences between melanoma cells and mononudear cell infiltrates in situ.
Abstract: Progression of human melanoma is associated with changes in antigenic phenotypes of tumor cells. To establish whether inflammatory infiltrates in progressing melanoma also change, we studied 146 cutaneous melanomas at different stages of progression. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against lymphocyte and macrophage subpopulations, interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2 R), immune interferon (IFN-gamma), and the IFN-gamma-inducible, progression-associated melanoma antigens HLA-DR and gp89 were applied in situ. During the course of melanoma progression, decreased amounts of peritumoral T cells, IL-2 R-expressing lymphocytes and dermal T6+ dendritic cells were found, while increased numbers of intratumoral T cells, inflammatory (27E10+) and mature (25F9+) macrophages were associated with local progression of primary melanomas. In metastases, most infiltrate components except 25F9+ macrophages were rare. Positive correlations were observed between: (1) dermal T6+ cells and IL-2 R+ lymphocytes, and (2) presence of IFN-gamma in the infiltrate and HLA-DR and gp89 antigens on tumor cells. In all stages, HLA-DR expression on tumor cells was correlated with: (1) a shift towards T8+ lymphocytes in the infiltrates and (2) a loss of IL-2 R expression. Our data suggest mutual influences between melanoma cells and mononuclear cell infiltrates in situ.

150 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The patterns of arterial metastasis were consistent with the “seed-and-soil” hypothesis, and a novel index was developed to quantify differential organ “soils”, but the contralateral kidney was not the best soil for metastases from renal carcinoma.
Abstract: The metastatic behaviour of renal cell carcinoma has been studied in a series of 687 necropsies. The observations were consistent with the concept of "metastatic inefficiency", in that in 295 cases, including 25 with renal vein invasion, there were no detectable metastases. In the present series, renal vein involvement was not an important prognostic factor in stage 1 or 2 disease. In 73% of cases without lung metastases there were none in other sites, and in 84% of those with lung metastases there were others elsewhere, consistent with a metastatic "cascade" in which metastases first developed in the lungs and were later detected in other organs. However, the observations did not permit discrimination between anatomic cascades, in which other organs were seeded from metastasizing pulmonary metastases, and temporal cascades, in which the other were seeded at the same time as the lungs, but with fewer cancer cells. The patterns of arterial metastasis were consistent with the "seed-and-soil" hypothesis, and a novel index was developed to quantify differential organ "soils". The contralateral kidney was not the best soil for metastases from renal carcinoma. Given the presence of lymph node metastasis, the probability of heamatogenous metastasis is 90%. However, in the absence of nodal metastasis, approximately half the cases had haematogenous metastasis.

136 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Conventional antibodies, Fab fragments and some monoclonal antibodies, inhibit smooth-muscle cell proliferation in a similar range as that observed for heparin, and certain heparan sulphate polysaccharide structures are required for binding to the 78 kDa protein.
Abstract: A heparin-binding protein was isolated from bovine uteri and purified to homogeneity. This protein appears as a double band of approx. 78 kDa in SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and has an isoelectric point of 5.2. The binding of heparin to this protein is saturable. No other glycosaminoglycan from mammalian tissue, such as hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulphate, dermatan sulphate or keratan sulphate, binds to the 78 kDa protein. Dextran sulphate binds in a non-saturable fashion. Certain heparan sulphate polysaccharide structures are required for binding to the 78 kDa protein. Some proteoheparan sulphates, such as endothelial cell-surface proteoheparan sulphate, show only weak interaction with the 78 kDa protein in contrast with a basement-membrane proteoheparan sulphate from HR-9 cells. Antibodies against the 78 kDa protein inhibit binding of proteoheparan [35S]sulphate from basement membranes to smooth-muscle cells. Conventional antibodies, Fab fragments and some monoclonal antibodies, inhibit smooth-muscle cell proliferation in a similar range as that observed for heparin. The protein was detected in a variety of tissues and cells but not in blood cells. A possible role of this protein as a receptor for heparin or heparan sulphate and its function in the control of the arterial wall structure are discussed.

130 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of electron screening on low-energy fusion cross sections were investigated for ECM = 5.9−41.6 keV with the use of D projectiles and 3He atomic gas target nuclides.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The influence of chlorate, an inhibitor of sulfate adenylyltransferase, on biosynthesis and secretion of proteoglycans was investigated in cultured human skin fibroblasts and may be considered as a means for the production of proteglycans with defined structural alterations.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results show that a linear relationship exists between the compressive strength and the product of bone density and endplate area, which allows an in vivo prediction of vertebral body strength using a noninvasive method.
Abstract: The ultimate compressive strength of 36 thoracolumbar vertebrae was determined experimentally. In addition, the trabecular bone mineral content was measured by single energy quantitative computed tomography. The areas of fractured endplates were also determined by computed tomography. The results show that a linear relationship exists between the compressive strength and the product of bone density and endplate area. These data allow an in vivo prediction of vertebral body strength using a noninvasive method with a standard error of estimate amounting to less than 0.95 kN.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The distribution and elimination of [3H]ochratoxin A (OTA) from stomach content and tissue, intestine content and tissues, liver, bile, serum and urine of Swiss male mice which had received a single low dose of OTA by intubation was followed as a function of time to show an oscillating pattern with rapid declines followed by increases which favour the assumption of an enterohepatic circulation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is described one family with 5 affected persons in 4 generations, another family with 2 affected brothers and 3 sporadic cases of the rare syndrome of congenital scalp defects with distal limb deficiency, which clearly follows an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance.
Abstract: We describe one family with 5 affected persons in 4 generations, another family with 2 affected brothers and 3 sporadic cases of the rare syndrome of congenital scalp defects with distal limb deficiency. The manifestations of this syndrome are highly variable. Review of the literature showed 11 families and 19 sporadic cases. In most families the disorder clearly follows an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, but in some families with reduced penetrance. Important differential diagnoses are the syndrome of scalp defect and postaxial polydactyly, the syndrome of scalp defect and split-hand defect, amniotic band sequence, and epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica type Bart.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results suggest that photoperiodic stimuli influence the secretory activity of TSH-like immunoreactive cells in the pars tuberalis, and a connection with the neuroendrocrine-thyroid axis is discussed.
Abstract: Certain secretory cells in the hypophysial pars tuberalis of the Djungarian hamster display marked circannual structural alterations. The present investigation deals with the immunohistochemical properties of this cell group. A distinct TSH-like immunoreactivity was found in secretory cells of this type in the pars tuberalis of animals exposed to long photoperiods, whereas under short photoperiods the TSH-like immunoreactivity was nearly absent. In the pars distalis, the number and distribution of TSH-positive cells did not differ significantly between animals maintained under long and under short photoperiods. LH-and FSH-positive cells could not be detected in the pars tuberalis, but they are clearly present in the pars distalis of both groups of hamsters. Our immunocytochemical results suggest that photoperiodic stimuli influence the secretory activity of TSH-like immunoreactive cells in the pars tuberalis. A connection with the neuroendrocrine-thyroid axis is discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The magnetic properties of the compounds AT2P2 (A = Sr, La, Eu; T = Fe, Co) and EuNi2p2 were studied by 57Fe and 151Eu Mossbauer spectroscopy, and magnetic susceptibility measurements.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the chemical and isotopic properties of Miocene to slightly peraluminous (I-type) granitoids of the central Aegean and found that the changes in δ18O and Sr isotopic compositions as a result of hydrothermal alteration were slight, even in instances where marked alteration is petrographically observable.
Abstract: Sr, O, and D/H isotopic compositions have been analyzed in Miocene metaluminous to slightly peraluminous (I-type) granitoids of the central Aegean. Individual plutonic complexes display significant variations in their δ18O and initial87Sr/86Sr compositions.δD and δ18O compositions of minerals and whole-rocks are mostly in the magmatic range. Some samples from Naxos and Mykonos/Delos show low δD and δ18O values characteristic of meteoric-water-hydrothermal interaction, but as a whole the changes in δ18O and Sr isotopic compositions as a result of hydrothermal alteration were slight, even in instances where marked alteration is petrographically observable. Consequently, the bulk-rock variations of δ18O from 8.1‰ to 12.0‰ and of87Sr/86Sr from 0.70438 to 0.71450 may be regarded as primary and indicative of the conditions of their evolution. Heterogeneous isotopic compositions observed in the individual plutons of Serifos, Ikaria, Samos and Kos may be caused by the multiple intrusion of chemically and isotopically distinct magma pulses, with high viscosities and relatively rapid consolidation in most cases preventing complete homogenization. The granitoids of Serifos, Ikaria and Kos display weak correlations between the initial87Sr/86Sr and δ18O and 1/Sr. The granitoid province shows a positive correlation between87Sr/86Sr and δ18O and a non-linear relationship between87Sr/86Sr and 1/Sr, whereby 1/Sr increases more rapidly than the isotopic ratio as the degree of fractionation of the rocks increases. It is argued that assimilation of older continental material by mantle-derived arc magmas with combined fractionation (AFC) is the most plausible model to explain the chemical and isotopic characteristics of the granitoids and the geological situation in which rock-types trend from granodiorites in the (south)west, near the inferred Oligocene-Miocene suture, to granites in the center and monzonites in the (north)east of the province.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results suggest that the binding sites for mannose 6-phosphate and IGF II reside in different portions of the receptor.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a terminology is proposed for characterizing the modes of image filtering and electron energy loss spectroscopy depending on the recorded coordinates and selective windows of a transmission electron microscope.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Light-mediated activation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase in intact spinach chloroplasts is enhanced in the presence of 10(-5) molar external free Ca(2+) and the data are consistent with the proposal that the illumination of chloroplast leads to a transient increase of free stromal Ca( 2+).
Abstract: Light-mediated activation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11) in intact spinach chloroplasts (Spinacia oleracea L.) is enhanced in the presence of 10(-5) molar external free Ca(2+). The most pronounced effect is observed during the first minutes of illumination. Ruthenium red, an inhibitor of light-induced Ca(2+) influx, inhibits this Ca(2+) stimulated activation. In isolated stromal preparations, the activation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase is already enhanced by 2 minutes of exposure to elevated Ca(2+) concentrations in the presence of physiological concentrations of Mg(2+) and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. Maximal activation of the enzyme is achieved between 0.34 and 0.51 millimolar Ca(2+). The Ca(2+) mediated activation decreases with increasing fructose-1,6-bisphosphate concentration and with increasing pH. The data are consistent with the proposal that the illumination of chloroplasts leads to a transient increase of free stromal Ca(2+). In dark-kept chloroplasts the steady-state concentration of free stromal Ca(2+) is 2.4 to 6.3 micromolar as determined by null point titration. These observations support our previous proposal that light-induced Ca(2+) influx into chloroplasts does not only influence the cytosolic concentration of free Ca(2+) but also regulates enzymatic processes inside the chloroplast.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that administration of a GnRH antagonist in the presence of constant serum T levels does not induce consistent azoospermia, and that the supporting effects of T on spermatogenesis cannot be explained exclusively on the basis of the testicular androgen concentrations.
Abstract: We studied the effects of administration of a GnRH antagonist combined with testosterone (T) as an approach to male contraception as well as the role of intratesticular androgens in spermatogenesis using a nonhuman primate model. Three groups of five adult cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) received daily sc injections of 420–460 μg/kg GnRH antagonist ([Ac-d2Nal1,d4ClPhe2,dPal3,Arg5,dGlu6(AA), dALa10]GnRH) for a period of 15 weeks. T supplementation, commencing on the first day of GnRH antagonist administration, was provided by single im injection of 40 mg (group 2) or 200 mg (group 3) of the long-acting testosterone ester testosterone- trans-4-n-butylcyclohexancarboxylate (20-Aet-l). Serum LH bioactivity was undetectable within 1 week of GnRH antagonist administration in all monkeys. GnRH antagonist administration alone (group 1) reduced serum T levels into the castrate range. Forty milligrams of 20-Aet-l maintained serum T levels in the upper range of normal monkeys, while 200 mg 20-Aet-l maintain...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A system could be established, in which the reductive dechlorination of DDT and the oxidative degradation of DDM and diphenylmethane proceeds simultaneously in one reactor vessel.
Abstract: For the investigation of a mixed anaerobic and aerobic degradation of xenobiotics the reductive dechlorination of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) to 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDD) and the oxidative degradation of the DDT-conversion product 4,4′-dichlorodiphenylmethane (DDM) were studied. Enrichments from digested sewage sludge led to the isolation of an Enterobacter cloacae-strain which is able to reductive dechlorination of DDT during the fermentation of lactose. From fresh sewage sludge 11 bacterial strains were isolated in batch-culture and in continuous culture utilizing diphenylmethane, a non chlorinated structural analogon of DDM, as sole source of carbon and energy. One of these isolates, Alcaliaenes sp. cometabolizes DDM during the aerobic growth with diphenylmethane. By coimmobilization of Alcaligenes sp. and Enterobacter cloacae in Ca-alginate a system could be established, in which the reductive dechlorination of DDT and the oxidative degradation of DDM and diphenylmethane proceeds simultaneously in one reactor vessel.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Basalts from the axial trough of the Red Sea exhibit a systematic regional variation in their compositions, i.e. increasing concentrations of incompatible elements in the basalts are accompanied by increasing fractionation between these elements (according to their different degrees of incompatibility) as mentioned in this paper.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The low resistivity of the black shale is attributed to carbon, produced by pyrolysis reactions associated with diagensis, located at grain boundaries in the Black Shale as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: SUMMARY Black shale containing about 5 per cent organic matter has very low electrical resistivity in comparison to shale which contains no organic matter. The low resistivity of the black shale is attributed to carbon, produced by pyrolysis reactions associated with diagensis, located at grain boundaries in the black shale. Some conductivity anomalies in the Earth's crust and upper mantle may be caused by carbon produced in this manner.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Oct 1988-Burns
TL;DR: The systemic changes which have been identified relate to an increase in microvascular permeability and a reduction of myocardial contractility secondary to the inhalation of the toxic products of smoke that may help to explain the difficulty encountered in resuscitating some of the burn victims who have concomitant inhalation injury.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Primary-structure predictions were proposed for these proteins, based on computer analysis, which reveal striking similarities with bovine myelin protein P2 and murine adipocyte protein p422.
Abstract: A full-length cDNA for bovine heart fatty-acid-binding protein (H-FABP) was cloned from a γgt11 cDNA library established from bovine heart muscle. The cDNA sequence shows an open reading frame coding for a protein with 133 amino acids. Colinearity with the amino acid sequences of four tryptic peptides was asserted. H-FABP isolated from bovine heart begins with an N-acetylated valine residue, however, as derived from analysis of the tryptic, amino-terminal-blocked peptide and the molecular mass of the peptide obtained via secondary-ion mass spectrometry. The molecular mass of the total protein is 14673 Da. Bovine H-FABP is 89% homologous to rat H-FABP and 97% homologous to the bovine mammary-derived growth-inhibition factor described recently by Bohmer et al. [J. Biol. Chem. 262, 15137–15143 (1987)l. Significant homologies were also found with bovine myelin protein P2 and murine adipocyte protein p422. Secondary-structure predictions were proposed for these proteins, based on computer analysis, which reveal striking similarities.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The occurrence of these amides—together with some other unidentified hydroxycinnamic acid conjugates and quercetin 3- O -glucosylgalactoside—in extracts of the pollen grains support suggested relationships among Fagales, Juglandales, and Myricales.

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: The cyanogenic system comprising cyanogenic glycosides, hydroxynitriles (cyanohydrins), beta-glucosidases and nitrile lyases is widespread in the plant kingdom but also occurs in several arthropods, and their function as defensive compounds seems likely on the basis of their ability to generate HCN and their localization.
Abstract: The cyanogenic system comprising cyanogenic glycosides, hydroxynitriles (cyanohydrins), beta-glucosidases and nitrile lyases is widespread in the plant kingdom but also occurs in several arthropods. A few insects were found to contain mandelonitrile and, in one case, a small amount of prunasin was detected. Cardiospermin and gynocardin occur in one insect, and the cyanoglucosides linamarin and lotaustralin are found in several species of the lepidopterans. Biosynthesis of these cyanoglucosides has been studied in two of these species and their sequestration has been investigated in one species. For Zygaena trifolii the presence of the entire cyanide-handling system indicates an important function of these compounds. So far, their function as defensive compounds seems likely on the basis of their ability to generate HCN and their localization, and appears to be indicated by some feeding experiments with potential predators.