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Institution

University of Münster

EducationMünster, Germany
About: University of Münster is a education organization based out in Münster, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Transplantation. The organization has 35609 authors who have published 69059 publications receiving 2278534 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Munster & University of Muenster.


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Journal Article
TL;DR: The Prospective Cardiovascular Münster (PROCAM) study showed that fasting levels of triglycerides were an independent risk factor for CHD events, irrespective of serum levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) or low density cholesterol (LDL-L), and that individuals with potentially atherogenic lipid profiles should be managed initially through the introduction of lifestyle changes.
Abstract: The Prospective Cardiovascular Munster (PROCAM) study involved 4849 middle-aged men who were followed up for 8 years to record the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) events according to the risk factors present at study entry. The study showed that fasting levels of triglycerides were an independent risk factor for CHD events, irrespective of serum levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) or low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Other independent predictors of CHD included serum levels of LDL-C and HDL-C, age, systolic blood pressure, cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus, a family history of myocardial infarction and angina pectoris, but did not include total serum cholesterol levels. Individuals with an LDL-C/HDL-C ratio > 5 had a 19.2% chance of experiencing a CHD event in the next 8 years. Furthermore, if an LDL-C/HDL-C ratio > 5 was combined with hypertriglyceridaemia (> or = 2.3 mmol. l-1), the risk of CHD increased to 26.9%. The association between hypertriglyceridaemia and CHD events may be related to the presence of atherogenic, triglyceride-rich particles in plasma, such as LDL and very low density lipoproteins. High triglyceride levels may also predispose to thrombosis. Individuals with potentially atherogenic lipid profiles should be managed initially through the introduction of lifestyle changes. However, if these fail to achieve recommended target values, lipid-lowering therapy should be considered.

304 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine N-oxyl radical (TEMPO), which has been used successfully by the group in transition-metal-mediated reactions and in various radical processes, is used as the oxidant to oxidize enamines of type C by organic single-electron transfer (SET) oxidants.
Abstract: Pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR), which catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA and CO2, belongs to the family of 2-keto acid oxidoreductases. This CoA-dependent enzyme uses thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) as an additional cofactor. The anaerobic decarboxylation is a reversible process, and the two electrons obtained during one turnover are transferred to ferredoxine via [Fe4S4] clusters. [1] The initial steps of the oxidative decarboxylation resemble those of the aerobic TPP-dependent 2-oxoacid dehydrogenases. Pyruvate reacts with A to form B after proton transfer, and B subsequently undergoes CO2 elimination to generate C (Scheme 1). Electron transfer to a [Fe4S4] cluster leads to radical cation D. Although intensive studies (X-ray and EPR) have been conducted on D, the structure of the radical cation is still under debate. Renewed electron transfer in the presence of CoASH eventually leads to CoASAc. In aerobic organisms lacking the [Fe4S4] clusters, C reacts with the dithiolane ring of a lipoyl group in a formal twoelectron transfer to an acetyl lipoamide thioester intermediate, which is further transformed in the presence of CoASH using another enzyme to CoASAc. The liberated dithiol is eventually reoxidized to the cyclic disulfide by a FADdependent dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase. It is known in synthesis that reaction of aldehydes with thiazolium carbenes leads to intermediates of type C which react as “umpoled” nucleophiles with aromatic aldehydes (benzoin condensation) or with electron-poor olefins (Stetter reaction). Recently, N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed transformations have gained increasing attention. However, these investigations have focused on ionic processes. Guided by PFOR we planned to oxidize enamines of type C by organic single-electron transfer (SET) oxidants. The process would represent a biomimetic transition-metalfree organocatalytic oxidation of an aldehyde. As the oxidant we used 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine N-oxyl radical (TEMPO), which has been used successfully by our group in transition-metal-mediated reactions and in various radical processes. Hence, the oxidizing [Fe4S4] clusters in PFOR can be replaced by two oxidizing TEMPO units [Eq. (1)].

304 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This survey provides an overview of research in automated algorithm selection, ranging from early and seminal works to recent and promising application areas, and discusses algorithm selection in context with conceptually related approaches, such as algorithm configuration, scheduling, or portfolio selection.
Abstract: It has long been observed that for practically any computational problem that has been intensely studied, different instances are best solved using different algorithms. This is particularly pronou...

304 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
14 Oct 2011-Science
TL;DR: This work reports the highly selective carbon-hydrogen (C–H) activation and subsequent dehydrogenative C–C coupling reaction of long-chain (>C20) linear alkanes on an anisotropic gold(110) surface, which undergoes an appropriate reconstruction by adsorption of the molecules and subsequent mild annealing, resulting in nanometer-sized channels.
Abstract: In contrast to the many methods of selectively coupling olefins, few protocols catenate saturated hydrocarbons in a predictable manner. We report here the highly selective carbon-hydrogen (C-H) activation and subsequent dehydrogenative C-C coupling reaction of long-chain (>C(20)) linear alkanes on an anisotropic gold(110) surface, which undergoes an appropriate reconstruction by adsorption of the molecules and subsequent mild annealing, resulting in nanometer-sized channels (1.22 nanometers in width). Owing to the orientational constraint of the reactant molecules in these one-dimensional channels, the reaction takes place exclusively at specific sites (terminal CH(3) or penultimate CH(2) groups) in the chains at intermediate temperatures (420 to 470 kelvin) and selects for aliphatic over aromatic C-H activation.

304 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Investigation of maintenance therapy with pegylated interferon alfa-2b in patients whose osteosarcoma showed good histologic response (good response) to induction chemotherapy found that MAP plus IFN-α-2B was not statistically different from MAP alone.
Abstract: PurposeEURAMOS-1, an international randomized controlled trial, investigated maintenance therapy with pegylated interferon alfa-2b (IFN-α-2b) in patients whose osteosarcoma showed good histologic response (good response) to induction chemotherapy.Patients and MethodsAt diagnosis, patients age ≤ 40 years with resectable high-grade osteosarcoma were registered. Eligibility after surgery for good response random assignment included ≥ two cycles of preoperative MAP (methotrexate, doxorubicin, and cisplatin), macroscopically complete surgery of primary tumor, < 10% viable tumor, and no disease progression. These patients were randomly assigned to four additional cycles MAP with or without IFN-α-2b (0.5 to 1.0 μg/kg per week subcutaneously, after chemotherapy until 2 years postregistration). Outcome measures were event-free survival (EFS; primary) and overall survival and toxicity (secondary).ResultsGood response was reported in 1,041 of 2,260 registered patients; 716 consented to random assignment (MAP, n = 35...

304 citations


Authors

Showing all 36075 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Hyun-Chul Kim1764076183227
Klaus Müllen1642125140748
Giacomo Bruno1581687124368
Anders M. Dale156823133891
Holger J. Schünemann141810113169
Joachim Heinrich136130976887
Markus Merschmeyer132118884975
Klaus Ley12949557964
Robert W. Mahley12836360774
Robert J. Kurman12739760277
Bart Barlogie12677957803
Thomas Schwarz12370154560
Carlos Caldas12254773840
Klaus Weber12152460346
Andrey L. Rogach11757646820
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023253
2022831
20213,683
20203,499
20193,236
20182,918