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Institution

University of Münster

EducationMünster, Germany
About: University of Münster is a education organization based out in Münster, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Transplantation. The organization has 35609 authors who have published 69059 publications receiving 2278534 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Munster & University of Muenster.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The data suggested that hypertriglyceridemia is a powerful additional coronary risk factor, when excessive triglycerides coincide with a high ratio of plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to HDL cholesterol (greater than 5.0).
Abstract: The incidence of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) was assessed in 4,559 male participants (aged 40 to 64 years) from the Prospective Cardiovascular Munster study, over a 6-year follow-up period. During this time, 186 study participants developed atherosclerotic CAD (134 definite nonfatal myocardial infarctions and 52 definite atherosclerotic CAD deaths including 21 sudden cardiac deaths and 31 fatal myocardial infarctions). Univariate analysis revealed a significant association between the incidence of atherosclerotic CAD and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (p less than 0.001) and triglycerides (p less than 0.001). The relation to HDL cholesterol remained after adjustment for other risk factors. By contrast, the relation between the incidence of atherosclerotic CAD and triglycerides disappeared if, in a multivariate analysis by means of a multiple logistic function, cholesterol or HDL cholesterol were taken into account. However, the data suggested that hypertriglyceridemia is a powerful additional coronary risk factor, when excessive triglycerides coincide with a high ratio of plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to HDL cholesterol (greater than 5.0). Even though the prevalence of this subgroup was only 4.3%, it included a quarter of all atherosclerotic CAD events observed.

907 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: While inflammation has been thought to arise secondary to degeneration, recent experiments demonstrated that inflammatory mediators may stimulate APP processing by upregulation of beta secretase 1 and therefore are able to establish a vicious cycle.

895 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a review examines the experimental achievements and puts them into the context of the dust processes in protoplanetary disks, concluding that the formation of planetesimals starts with the growth of fractal dust aggregates, followed by compaction processes.
Abstract: The formation of planetesimals, the kilometer-sized planetary precursors, is still a puzzling process. Considerable progress has been made over the past years in the physical description of the first stages of planetesimal formation, owing to extensive laboratory work. This review examines the experimental achievements and puts them into the context of the dust processes in protoplanetary disks. It has become clear that planetesimal formation starts with the growth of fractal dust aggregates, followed by compaction processes. As the dust-aggregate sizes increase, the mean collision velocity also increases, leading to the stalling of the growth and possibly to fragmentation, once the dust aggregates have reached decimeter sizes. A multitude of hypotheses for the further growth have been proposed, such as very sticky materials, secondary collision processes, enhanced growth at the snow line, or cumulative dust effects with gravitational instability. We will also critically review these ideas.

892 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Despite impressive progress in understanding of the processing of Ca2+ signals during the past years, the elucidation of the exact mechanistic principles that underlie the specific recognition and conversion of the cellularCa2+ currency into defined changes in protein–protein interaction, protein phosphorylation, and gene expression and thereby establish the specificity in stimulus response coupling remain to be explored.
Abstract: Ca(2+) signals are core transducers and regulators in many adaptation and developmental processes of plants. Ca(2+) signals are represented by stimulus-specific signatures that result from the concerted action of channels, pumps, and carriers that shape temporally and spatially defined Ca(2+) elevations. Cellular Ca(2+) signals are decoded and transmitted by a toolkit of Ca(2+) binding proteins that relay this information into downstream responses. Major transduction routes of Ca(2+) signaling involve Ca(2+)-regulated kinases mediating phosphorylation events that orchestrate downstream responses or comprise regulation of gene expression via Ca(2+)-regulated transcription factors and Ca(2+)-responsive promoter elements. Here, we review some of the remarkable progress that has been made in recent years, especially in identifying critical components functioning in Ca(2+) signal transduction, both at the single-cell and multicellular level. Despite impressive progress in our understanding of the processing of Ca(2+) signals during the past years, the elucidation of the exact mechanistic principles that underlie the specific recognition and conversion of the cellular Ca(2+) currency into defined changes in protein-protein interaction, protein phosphorylation, and gene expression and thereby establish the specificity in stimulus response coupling remain to be explored.

890 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The clarification of this matter, and the question as to whether the term “p–p interaction” makes sense from a theoretical point of view, is the central topic of the work presented herein.
Abstract: Noncovalent interactions play an increasingly important role in modern chemical research, and are nowadays considered as cornerstones in supramolecular chemistry, materials science, and even biochemistry. When unsaturated organic groups are involved in noncovalent interactions, the terms “p–p stacking”, or more generally “p–p interactions” are often used. As noted recently, this classification has a quite mysterious flavor. For larger structures, p–p stacking is a phenomenon that is theoretically not well understood, although some progress has been made. From many studies of the benzene dimer and other complexes involving phenyl rings, it can be concluded that the p orbitals do not function as in conventional overlapdriven covalent bonding, although this is not common knowledge. The prototypical benzene dimer is nowadays considered a typical van der Waals complex in which the long-range dispersion interactions (dominant R 6 dependence of the interaction energy on interfragment distance) play the major role. As a consequence, the dimer is unbound at uncorrelated Hartree–Fock and many density functional theory (DFT) levels. This more sophisticated view is increasingly replacing Hunter6s model of p–p interactions, which (over)emphasises the mainly quadrupole–quadrupole electrostatic component of the interaction in benzene-type systems (see Ref. [13] for recent theoretical work on polar psystems). Because van der Waals complexes are formed by almost all neutral, closed-shell molecules, which are considered exclusively herein, what should be so special about the interaction between stacked aromatic units compared to, for example, saturated (hydrogenated) rings of about the same size. This mainly energetic difference is termed herein the p–p stacking effect (PSE). For example, benzene and cyclohexane both exist as fluids at room temperature, which indicates similar intermolecular interactions. According to accurate CCSD(T) computations, the stacked (parallel-displaced, PD) benzene dimer has an even smaller binding energy than the pentane dimer ( 2.8 vs. 3.9 kcalmol ), 14] which has the same number of electrons. These observations seem to be incompatible with the assumption of special p–p interactions. On the other hand, it is known that larger polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) behave differently to large alkanes; for example, PAHs become increasingly insoluble in common organic solvents with increasing size. Thus the magnitude of the intermolecular interactions and possibly also their fundamental character is more strongly size-dependent in aromatic systems than in saturated systems. The clarification of this matter, and the question as to whether the term “p–p interaction” makes sense from a theoretical point of view, is the central topic of the work presented herein. The linear condensed acenes, from benzene (number of rings n= 1) to tetracene (n= 4), and the corresponding perhydrogenated ring systems (all trans–all anti stereoisomers) were used as models. Homo-dimers of stacked (aromatic with Ci, except for the PD benzene dimer, which has C2h symmetry, and saturated with C2h symmetry) and T-shaped orientation (aromatic only, C2v) are investigated. The Tshaped forms are important in the crystal packing of aromatic molecules, as analyzed in detail by Desiraju and Gavezzotti. For saturated dimers, no well-defined T-shaped structures could be found. Energy-minimized dimer structures for n= 1 and n= 4 are shown as an example in Figure 1.

887 citations


Authors

Showing all 36075 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Hyun-Chul Kim1764076183227
Klaus Müllen1642125140748
Giacomo Bruno1581687124368
Anders M. Dale156823133891
Holger J. Schünemann141810113169
Joachim Heinrich136130976887
Markus Merschmeyer132118884975
Klaus Ley12949557964
Robert W. Mahley12836360774
Robert J. Kurman12739760277
Bart Barlogie12677957803
Thomas Schwarz12370154560
Carlos Caldas12254773840
Klaus Weber12152460346
Andrey L. Rogach11757646820
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023253
2022831
20213,683
20203,499
20193,236
20182,918