Institution
University of Nairobi
Education•Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya•
About: University of Nairobi is a education organization based out in Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The organization has 6702 authors who have published 10777 publications receiving 231294 citations. The organization is also known as: UoN & IAU-020319.
Topics: Population, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Health care, Public health, Mental health
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: Patients who received SMS support had significantly improved ART adherence and rates of viral suppression compared with the control individuals, suggesting mobile phones might be effective tools to improve patient outcome in resource-limited settings.
1,053 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the effect of ART use by patients infected with HIV-1 on risk of transmission to their uninfected partners was evaluated in a randomised placebo-controlled trial that enrolled heterosexual African adults who were seropositive for both HIV and herpes simplex virus type 2.
946 citations
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TL;DR: The frequency of breast milk transmission of HIV-1 was 16.2% in this randomized clinical trial, and the majority of infections occurred early during breastfeeding, which prevented 44% of infant infections and was associated with significantly improved HIV‐1‐free survival.
Abstract: was 36.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 29.4%-44.0%) in the breastfeeding arm and 20.5% (95% CI, 14.0%-27.0%) in the formula arm (P = .001). The estimated rate of breast milk transmission was 16.2% (95% CI, 6.5%-25.9%). Forty-four percent of HIV-1 infection in the breastfeeding arm was attributable to breast milk. Most breast milk transmission occurred early, with 75% of the risk difference between the 2 arms occurring by 6 months, although transmission continued throughout the duration of exposure. The 2-year mortality rates in both arms were similar (breastfeeding arm, 24.4% [95% CI, 18.2%-30.7%] vs formula feeding arm, 20.0% [95% CI, 14.4%-25.6%]; P = .30). The rate of HIV-1‐free survival at 2 years was significantly lower in the breastfeeding arm than in the formula feeding arm (58.0% vs 70.0%, respectively; P = .02). Conclusions The frequency of breast milk transmission of HIV-1 was 16.2% in this randomized clinical trial, and the majority of infections occurred early during breastfeeding. The use of breast milk substitutes prevented 44% of infant infections and was associated with significantly improved HIV-1‐free survival.
873 citations
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TL;DR: Treatment of BV and promotion of vaginal colonization with lactobacilli should be evaluated as potential interventions to reduce a woman's risk of acquiring HIV-1, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis.
Abstract: A prospective cohort study was conducted to examine the relationship between vaginal colonization with lactobacilli, bacterial vaginosis (BV), and acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and sexually transmitted diseases in a population of sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya. In total, 657 HIV-1-seronegative women were enrolled and followed at monthly intervals. At baseline, only 26% of women were colonized with Lactobacillus species. During follow-up, absence of vaginal lactobacilli on culture was associated with an increased risk of acquiring HIV-1 infection (hazard ratio [HR], 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-3.5) and gonorrhea (HR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.6), after controlling for other identified risk factors in separate multivariate models. Presence of abnormal vaginal flora on Gram's stain was associated with increased risk of both HIV-1 acquisition (HR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.1) and Trichomonas infection (HR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3-2.4). Treatment of BV and promotion of vaginal colonization with lactobacilli should be evaluated as potential interventions to reduce a woman's risk of acquiring HIV-1, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis.
853 citations
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26 Oct 2015TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider the problem of soil fertility depletion in smallholder farms in Africa and propose a solution to solve it by using natural resource capital to replenish soil fertility.
Abstract: Soil fertility depletion in smallholder farms is the fundamental biophysical root cause for declining per-capita food production in Africa, and soil fertility replenishment should be considered as an investment in natural resource capital. An average of 660 kg N ha-1, 75kg P ha-1, and 450 kg K ha-1 has been lost during the last 30 years from about 200 million ha of cultivated land in 37 African countries. The consequences are felt at the farm, watershed, national, and global levels. There is an exact congruence between the concepts of capital stocks and service flows in economics and that of nutrient pools and fluxes in soil science. Phosphorus-replenishment strategies are mainly fertilizerbased with biological supplementation, while N replenishment strategies are mainly biological with chemical supplementation. Africa has ample phosphate rock deposits that could be used directly or as superphosphates to reverse P depletion. Decomposing organic inputs produce organic acids that help solubilize phosphate rocks. Agroforestry trees and herbaceous leguminous green manures play a major role in N capture and internal cycling. Accompanying technologies, such as soil conservation are needed to make recapitalization operational. Policy improvements are needed to provide the appropriate fertilizers at a reasonable cost and at the right time; better infrastructure; access to micro credit; timely access to markets; adaptive research and extension education. Soil fertility replenishment was found to be profitable at the farm level in three contrasting case studies, but resource poor farmers lack the capital and access to credit to make the initial investment. The issue of who should pay for this recapitalization is based on the principle that those who benefit from a course of action should incur the costs of its implementation. Progress to date on soil fertility initiatives throughout Africa will be summarized.
795 citations
Authors
Showing all 6780 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Helena C. Kraemer | 132 | 562 | 65755 |
Chris M. Wood | 102 | 795 | 43076 |
Christopher B. Barrett | 95 | 713 | 37968 |
Charles R. Newton | 91 | 504 | 73772 |
Francis A. Plummer | 85 | 317 | 24228 |
Dorothy L. Cheney | 85 | 172 | 21910 |
Robert M. Seyfarth | 83 | 179 | 22830 |
Andrew Whiten | 80 | 272 | 27535 |
Robert Chambers | 79 | 590 | 42035 |
Mark W. Tyndall | 77 | 289 | 18861 |
Job J. Bwayo | 74 | 190 | 16928 |
Joan K. Kreiss | 72 | 150 | 15024 |
Jeanne Altmann | 71 | 164 | 27489 |
Ian A. Johnston | 71 | 356 | 17928 |
Barbra A. Richardson | 71 | 366 | 19192 |