Showing papers by "University of Nebraska–Lincoln published in 1975"

The development of a measure of perceived homophily in interpersonal communication

Abstract: This paper reports the development of a measure of perceived homophily. In both an initial investigation and in four subsequent studies employing samples from diverse populations, four dimensions of response were observed. These dimensions were labeled Attitude, Morality, Appearance, and Background. Additional results indicated that opinion leaders are perceived as more homophilous than non-opinion leaders on the dimensions of Attitude, Morality, and Background. The scales found to measure these dimensions are suggested for consideration by researchers concerned with homophily or interpersonal similarity in human communication.

Olfactory, thermal, and tactual influences on infantile ultrasonic vocalization in rats

Abstract: The amount of time infant rats 3–13 days old spent emitting ultrasounds was greater when pups were placed in an empty dish than when placed in a dish containing clean bedding or soiled bedding from the nest. Pups from 5–13 days of age vocalized more when on the clean bedding than when on the soiled bedding. When placed on cloth covered dishes, pups vocalized most to the empty dish and least to the dish containing soiled bedding. The odor of clean bedding elicited less ultrasonic vocalization than the odor of the empty dish only when pups were less than 7 days old. Pups vocalized more to room temperature than to heated conditions. The results indicate that olfactory, tactual, and thermal nest cues influence infantile ultrasonic vocalization in the rat.

Large metal ion-centered template reactions. A uranyl complex of cyclopentakis(2-iminoisoindoline)

Abstract: Die Umsetzung von o-Dicyanobenzol mit wasserfreiem Uranylchlorid nach bekannter - Methode fuhrt zu einem Produkt, dem aufgrund von IR-spektroskopischen und rontgenographischen Untersuchungen die Struktur (I) zuerkannt wird.

!Kung Women: Contrasts in Sexual Egalitarianism in Foraging and Sedentary Contexts

Abstract: Most members of the Harvard !Kung Bushman Study Project who have thought about the subject of !Kung women's status agree that !Kung society may be the least sexist of any we have experienced. This impression contradicts some popularly held stereotypes about relations between the sexes in hunting and gathering societies. Because sex is one of the few bases for the differentiation of social and economic roles in societies of this type, it has probably been attributed more weight than it deserves. The men are commonly depicted in rather romantic terms, striving with their brothers to bring home the precious meat while their women humbly provide the dull, tasteless vegetable food in the course of routine, tedious foraging. Contrary evidence is now emerging from several researchers that men and women of band-level societies have many overlapping activities and spheres of inf luence (Gale, 1970). The distinction between male and female roles is substantially less rigid than previously supposed,

Personal Constructs, Threat and Attitudes toward Death:

Abstract: The present study introduced a personal construct approach to the assessment of threat of death. Two experiments were reported in which the relationship of this measure, referred to as the Threat Index, to a number of self-report variables, the Lester Fear of Death Scale, and the Templer Death Anxiety Scale was investigated. A total of 112 college students participated in the experiments which demonstrated a significant relationship between the Threat Index, self-reported fear of death, conceivability of personal mortality, and the Lester Scale. No significant relationship was found between the Threat Index and belief in afterlife, frequency of thoughts about death or suicide, or the Templer Scale. The possible advantages of the Threat Index procedure were discussed in terms of its relationship with the other measures of death concern, the various self-report variables, and previous criticisms of death concern assessment techniques.

RNA Tumor Viruses

Abstract: To the Editor.— The prodigious discovery of reverse transcriptase (the enzyme that codes for the production of DNA off an RNA template) represents a milestone in the annals of molecular biology. As such, I would like to call attention to an erroneous paragraph that appeared in a recent article in the MEDICAL NEWS section ofThe Journal(231:335, 1975). The original observation of the presence of reverse transcriptase in RNA tumor viruses was reported independently but concomitantly by Howard Temin and Satoshi Mizutani of the University of Wisconsin and by David Baltimore of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Both reports were published in a single issue of Nature in June 1970. 1,2 In addition, Temin and his colleagues conducted their investigations at the McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research in Madison, Wis, not at the National Institutes of Health. Third, and least importantly, Howard Temin holds a PhD, not an MD,

The Effects of Communication Apprehension on Interpersonal Attraction

Abstract: Two studies are reported which indicate that high communication apprehensives are perceived as less interpersonally attractive than low communication apprehensives by members of the opposite sex. Effects of physical appearance and attitude similarity on interpersonal attraction, consistent with previous research, were also observed. It was also found that, in general, the more communication apprehensive the subject the less the subject was attracted to other people.

Patulin: A Mycotoxin of Potential Concern in Foods1

Abstract: Patulin is a metabolite of numerous Aspergillus and Penicillium species. It is toxic to a wide range of biological systems including microorganisms, plants and animals. Patulin has also been shown to be carcinogenic to mice. The susceptibility of man to this toxin is unknown at this time. However, when the numerous biological systems affected by patulin are considered, it is likely that man would also be susceptible to the toxic effects of this compound in some manner. Thus, patulin must be considered a potential health hazard. The fact that patulin can be produced by a number of penicillia at refrigeration temperatures is a source of possible concern. Many of these molds are found on refrigerated food products and the possibility that patulin production could occur during refrigerated storage is very real. However, the reactivity of patulin with sulfhydryl groups and other food components may cause its apparent disappearance from a food product. Whether the compound breaks down and disappears or is simpl...

Ellipsometric function of a film–substrate system: Applications to the design of reflection-type optical devices and to ellipsometry*

Abstract: The ratio ρ = Rp/Rs of the complex amplitude-reflection coefficients Rp and Rs for light polarized parallel (p) and perpendicular (s) to the plane of incidence, reflected from an optically isotropic film–substrate system, is investigated as a function of the angle of incidence ϕ and the film thickness d. Both constant-angle-of-incidence contours (CAIC) and constant-thickness contours (CTC) of the ellipsometric function ρ(ϕ,d) in the complex ρ plane are examined. For transparent films, ρ(ϕ,d) is a periodic function of d with period Dϕ that is a function of ϕ. For a given angle of incidence ϕ and film thickness d (0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 90, 0 ≤ d < Dϕ), the equispaced linear array of points (ϕ,d + mDϕ) (m = 0, 1, 2,…) in the real (ϕ,d) plane is mapped by the periodic function ρ(ϕ,d) into one distinct point in the complex ρ plane. Conversely, for a given film–substrate system, any value of the ellipsometric function ρ can be realized at one particular angle of incidence ϕ and an associated infinite series of film thicknesses d, d + Dϕ, d + 2Dϕ, …. This analysis leads to (1) a unified scheme for the design of all reflection-type optical devices, such as polarizers and retarders, (2) a novel null ellipsometer without a compensator, for the measurement of films whose thicknesses are within certain permissible ranges, and (3) an inversion procedure for the nonlinear equations of reflection ellipsometry that separates the determination of the optical constants (refractive indices and extinction coefficients) of the film and substrate from the film thickness. Extension of the work to absorbing films is discussed.

Autoionization of foil-excited states in Li i and Li ii

Abstract: We have used the beam-foil interaction mechanism to populate highly excited states in lithium by passing 300-keV ${\mathrm{Li}}^{+}$ ions through 8-\ensuremath{\mu}g/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$-thick carbon foils. The energies of the electrons emitted via autoionization were analyzed. By moving the foil along the beam axis, prompt and delayed electrons due to decays of Lii and Liii states were identified. These spectra are interpreted with the help of detailed theoretical calculations. The excitation energies of the $\mathrm{LiI}(1s2{s}^{2})^{2}S^{e}$ and $\mathrm{LiII}(2s2p)^{1,3}P^{o}$ terms were determined to 0.5% accuracy. We have observed decays of doubly excited Liii states above the $n=2$ threshold. On the basis of our theoretical estimates, we assign a peak in the high-energy portion of the spectra as due to deexcitation of triply excited $\mathrm{LiI}2{s}^{2}2p$ and $2s2{p}^{2}$ configurations.

Mating, Oviposition Patterns, Fecundity and Longevity of the Western Corn Rootworm

Abstract: Field-collected mating pairs of Diabrotica virgifera LeConte were maintained under controlled laboratory conditions. Females lived an average of 78.2 days, had a mean preoviposition period of 12.2 days, and a mean fecundity of 1087 eggs laid in 13.5 clutches over a reproductive period of 76.4 days. Intervals between clutches averaged 5.0 days through the 8th clutch or to 75% oviposition. Females reared from field-collected soil and mated in the laboratory laid fewer eggs. Males lived an average of 102.4 days. Females copulated only once; males will mate with several females. Egg-laying started at a high level with the 3rd clutch averaging largest and, for each female observed, one of her 1st 4 clutches was the largest. On a seasonal basis, 24% of the potential egg population were laid by Aug. 25, and 57% by Sept. 10, 83% by Sept. 30, and 90% by Oct. 10. Mating apparently speeds ovarian development. Ovaries of active gravid females fluctuate between ratings 4 to 3 to 4 etc., and this fact should be considered in interpretations of field populations examined for ovarian development.

Polyribosomes from Peas: V. An Attempt to Characterize the Total Free and Membrane-bound Polysomal Population.

Abstract: Attempts were made to isolate and characterize the total population of free and membrane-bound polysomes from the elongating region of dark-grown pea stems (Pisum sativum L.). Partial separation of free from membrane-bound polysomes was achieved by relatively low speed centrifugation of the homogenate. Complete separation was not achieved. Based on analysis of the rRNA content of various subcellular fractions, fractionated tissue yielded greater than 95% of the rRNA found in whole tissue. Approximately 45% of the ribosomal material was membrane-bound (released by detergent) and was found in the "wall" (13%), the "nuclear" pellet (2%), and the "mitochondrial" pellet (29%). The remaining 55%, consisting primarily of free polysomes, could be recovered free from membranous material by sedimentation through a dense (700 mg/ml) sucrose pad for 90 hours. The advantages and disadvantages of using sucrose pads for the separation of free and membrane-bound polysomes are discussed.

Effects of anisotropic electron-ion interactions in atomic photoelectron angular distributions

Abstract: The photoelectron asymmetry parameter beta in LS-coupling is obtained as an expansion into contributions from alternative angular momentum transfers j sub t. The physical significance of this expansion of beta is shown to be that: (1) the electric dipole interaction transfers to the atom a charcteristic single angular momentum j sub t = sub o, where sub o is the photoelectron's initial orbital momentum; and (2) angular momentum transfers indicate the presence of anisotropic interaction of the outgoing photoelectron with the residual ion. For open shell atoms the photoelectron-ion interaction is generally anisotropic; photoelectron phase shifts and electric dipole matrix elements depend on both the multiplet term of the residual ion and the total orbital momentum of the ion-photoelectron final state channel. Consequently beta depends on the term levels of the residual ion and contains contributions from all allowed values of j sub t. Numerical calculations of the asymmetry parameters and partial cross sections for photoionization of atomic sulfur are presented.

Characterization of Radiation-Resistant Vegetative Bacteria in Beef

Abstract: Ground beef contains numerous microorganisms of various types. The commonly recognized bacteria are associated with current problems of spoilage. Irradiation, however, contributes a new factor through selective destruction of the microflora. The residual microorganisms surviving a nonsterilizing dose are predominantly gram-negative coccobacilli. Various classifications have been given, e.g., Moraxella, Acinetobacter, Achromobacter, etc. For a more detailed study of these radiation-resistant bacteria occurring in ground beef, an enrichment procedure was used for isolation. By means of morphological and biochemical tests, most of the isolates were found to be Moraxella, based on current classifications. The range of growth temperatures was from 2 to 50 C. These bacteria were relatively heat sensitive, e.g., D10 of 5.4 min at 70 C or less. The radiation resistance ranged from D10 values of 273 to 2,039 krad. Thus, some were more resistant than any presently recognized spores. A reference culture of Moraxella osloensis was irradiated under conditions comparable to the enrichment procedure used with the ground beef. The only apparent changes were in morphology and penicillin sensitivity. However, after a few subcultures these bacteria reverted to the characteristics of the parent strain. Thus, it is apparent that these isolates are a part of the normal flora of ground beef and not aberrant forms arising from the irradiation procedure. The significance, if any, of these bacteria is not presently recognized.

Lip and Tongue Pressures Related to Dental Arch and Oral Cavity Size in Australian Aborigines

Abstract: Although the oral cavity and dental arches of the Australian aborigine are large, studies of lingual and labial pressures indicate that the tongue is neither unusually large nor strong. The Australian aborigine's pharyngeal cavity is smaller in height and depth than that of the American; just the opposite is true for the oral cavity. To the extent that environmental factors are important at all, the resting pressure of the lips, not tongue pressure during swallowing, is probably the significant determinant of dental arch dimensions.

Comparative value of L-, and D-methionine supplementation of an oat-based diet for humans.

Abstract: Total sulfur-containing amino acids have been found to be the first limiting amino acid in several foods in comparison with human amino acid requirements. Addition of methionine in appropriate amounts to these foods might be expected to improve protein value. Economically, DL-methionine would be preferable to L-methionine for this purpose. However, the comparative tuilization of L- DL-, and D-methionine is unclear. The objective of the current project was to compare the effectiveness of L-, DL-, and D-methionine supplementation of diets based on a food product known to be low in methionine value for human subjects. "Instant" oatmeal was fed to adult subjects to provide 4.0 g of nitrogen/day. In randomly arranged periods, these diets were supplemented with L-, DL-, or D-methionine at two levels (0.58 and 1.16 g of methionine/day). An unsupplemented diet was used in a control period. Diets were adequate in vitamins, minerals, and energy. Mean nitrogen balances of subjects while receiving the L-methionine supplements at the 0.58 and 1.16 g levels were minus0.10 and +0.06 g of nitrogen, respectively. At similar levels of DL-methionine supplementation, nitrogen balances were minus0.12 and minus0.15 g of nitrogen, respectively, and minus0.24 and minus0.18 g of nitrogen with D-methionine supplementation. The mean nitrogen balance when no supplement was used was minus0.22 g of nitrogen. Thus, D-methionine is seemingly poorly utilized by the human. Urinary methionine excretion data supported these results.

Effect of elliptically polarized light on the angular distribution of photoelectrons

Abstract: The angular distribution of photoelectrons predicted for elliptically polarized light is shown to be the same as that predicted for partially polarized light having incoherent perpendicular electric field components equal to the electric field components along the major and minor axes of the ellipse.

Support Among Women for the Issues of the Women's Movement

Abstract: Using both data from a national and community sample, this paper explores support among women for issues relevant to the women's rights movement, and the extent to which the issues of the movement ...

Inhibition of Dark CO2 Fixation and Photosynthesis in Leaf Discs of Corn Susceptible to the Host-specific Toxin Produced by Helminthosporium maydis, Race T'

Abstract: The host-specific toxin produced by Helminthosporium maydis, race T, causes 50% inhibition of dark fixation of 14CO2 by leaf discs of susceptible (Texas male sterile) corn when it is diluted to approximately 1/10,000 of the volume of the original fungus culture filtrate. Dilutions of 1/10 or less are required for equivalent inhibition of discs prepared from resistant (N) corn. Root growth and photosynthesis were considerably less sensitive (dilution values 1/3000 and 1/1200, respectively), as was leakage of 14C induced by toxin from preloaded discs. Based on literature values for dilutions causing ion leakage or inhibition of mitochondrial oxidation, toxin dilutions several orders of magnitude greater bring about inhibition of dark CO2 fixation. Preincubation of discs in light increased sensitivity of dark fixation to toxin and an effect of light on symptom development was shown. Phosphoenolypruvate carboxylase activity in extracts of roots or leaves was not affected by toxin nor was the enzyme level altered in excised leaves treated with toxin. Inhibition of dark fixation of CO2 provides a bioassaay for race T toxin which is both reliable and rapid.

The effect of crowding on child health and development.

Abstract: The effect of crowding on adults has been studied numerous times (Cassell, 1971; Freedman, 1971; Galle et al., 1972; and Mitchell, 1971 ).1 The effect of crowding on children has received more limited attention. Galle and his associates (1972) found household crowding positively related to juvenile court appearances and the number of youth receiving public assistance. Mitchell (1971), examining the quality of parent-child relations, showed compressed living conditions to reduce parental control. And Loo (1972), in a laboratory study, found evidence that crowding increased withdrawal among groups of children at play. Investigations obliquely related to the effect of crowding on children include studies showing population density to be positively related to infant mortality (Winsborough, 1965) and decrements in the quality of relations between college students (Valins and Baum, 1973); and large